5/30/2025
Last update
5/30/2025
Reviewed By
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 24 Researches
6.8
USERS' SCORE
Moderately Good
Based on 11 Reviews
7
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 3 Caplets
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin D (as D3 Cholecalciferol)
15 mcg (600 IU)
75%
Calcium (as Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Gluconate)
1,000 mg
77%
Magnesium (as Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium Gluconate)
400 mg
95%
Zinc (as Zinc Gluconate and Zinc Citrate)
25 mg
227%
Sodium
10 mg
<1%
Top Medical Research Studies
9
Magnesium reduces kidney stone risk
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to explore how magnesium treatments influence kidney stones, specifically for those with high levels of oxalate in their urine. Our study involved 90 participants with a history of calcium kidney stones, all of whom were experiencing idiopathic hyperoxaluria. They were divided into three groups receiving either magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium citrate (MgCit), or a placebo for eight weeks, while their diets were monitored to keep nutritional intake consistent.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
Read More
8
We wanted to understand the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the prevalence of kidney stones. By examining data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2011 to 2018, we were able to analyze the self-reported history of kidney stones among participants.
Our findings indicated that those who consumed higher amounts of magnesium appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, the average daily magnesium intake was lower in individuals with kidney stones, suggesting that magnesium might play a role in kidney stone formation.
In our analysis, we discovered that when grouped into different levels of magnesium intake, those in the highest intake category had significantly reduced odds of developing kidney stones compared to those in the lowest intake category. This trend suggests a protective effect of dietary magnesium against kidney stone disease.
While our results are promising, we recognize that further research is needed to determine if there is a direct causal relationship between magnesium intake and kidney stones. The evidence points towards a beneficial link, but more prospective studies will help clarify this important topic for better health outcomes.
Our findings indicated that those who consumed higher amounts of magnesium appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, the average daily magnesium intake was lower in individuals with kidney stones, suggesting that magnesium might play a role in kidney stone formation.
In our analysis, we discovered that when grouped into different levels of magnesium intake, those in the highest intake category had significantly reduced odds of developing kidney stones compared to those in the lowest intake category. This trend suggests a protective effect of dietary magnesium against kidney stone disease.
While our results are promising, we recognize that further research is needed to determine if there is a direct causal relationship between magnesium intake and kidney stones. The evidence points towards a beneficial link, but more prospective studies will help clarify this important topic for better health outcomes.
Read More
7
We investigated how different forms of zinc intake—dietary, supplemental, and serum levels—might connect to the prevalence of kidney stones in adults. By analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected over nearly a decade, we uncovered some interesting patterns.
Our findings revealed that dietary zinc intake appeared to be linked to a lower likelihood of developing kidney stones. In fact, for every increase in daily zinc intake, the odds of having kidney stones decreased. We noted that this relationship was particularly strong among women and individuals who were classified as overweight or obese.
Interestingly, while dietary zinc and serum zinc levels were inversely associated with kidney stones, we found no significant connection with supplemental zinc intake. This suggests that getting zinc from food sources may be more beneficial for kidney stone prevention than taking zinc supplements.
Overall, while our analysis highlights a potential protective effect of dietary zinc and serum zinc levels against kidney stones, it also points out the need for more thorough research to fully understand these relationships.
Our findings revealed that dietary zinc intake appeared to be linked to a lower likelihood of developing kidney stones. In fact, for every increase in daily zinc intake, the odds of having kidney stones decreased. We noted that this relationship was particularly strong among women and individuals who were classified as overweight or obese.
Interestingly, while dietary zinc and serum zinc levels were inversely associated with kidney stones, we found no significant connection with supplemental zinc intake. This suggests that getting zinc from food sources may be more beneficial for kidney stone prevention than taking zinc supplements.
Overall, while our analysis highlights a potential protective effect of dietary zinc and serum zinc levels against kidney stones, it also points out the need for more thorough research to fully understand these relationships.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
0
Average quality
7 people found this helpful
I wouldn't recommend this. The calcium in this product is carbonate, which isn't well absorbed, posing a risk of kidney stones. Similarly, the magnesium forms are subpar. If you can, invest in a better supplement for your health.
Read More
8
Sleep improvement!
I've been using this magnesium supplement for three years with my family. With the stress of daily life, magnesium normalises our sleep and bodily functions. I recommend it, especially for those with kidney issues, as magnesium deficiency primarily affects the kidneys. If you're struggling with insomnia, this supplement can help you relax before sleep.
Read More
0
Kidney pain noted
I ordered this for the first time, but while taking the complex, I felt strong pain in my kidneys, so I stopped the course.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 24 Researches
6.8
- All Researches
9
Magnesium reduces kidney stone risk
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to explore how magnesium treatments influence kidney stones, specifically for those with high levels of oxalate in their urine. Our study involved 90 participants with a history of calcium kidney stones, all of whom were experiencing idiopathic hyperoxaluria. They were divided into three groups receiving either magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium citrate (MgCit), or a placebo for eight weeks, while their diets were monitored to keep nutritional intake consistent.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
Read More
8
We explored the connection between vitamin D and kidney stones by analyzing data from a large national health survey. Our goal was to understand whether increasing vitamin D intake could help reduce the prevalence of kidney stones, a painful condition affecting many people.
From our investigation, we observed that higher levels of vitamin D intake were linked to a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, those with high vitamin D intake showed a significant protective effect compared to those with lower intake levels. This suggests that vitamin D may play a beneficial role in kidney health.
However, our study also revealed some nuances. While vitamin D seemed to provide protection, the relationship with vitamin C intake was more complicated. As vitamin C intake rose, its effects shifted—initially protective but later potentially harmful if consumed in excess.
Additionally, our findings indicated that when vitamin D is taken alongside other vitamins, the protective effects against kidney stones could be enhanced. Overall, co-exposure to multiple vitamins was seen as beneficial, making vitamin combinations an interesting area for further research.
From our investigation, we observed that higher levels of vitamin D intake were linked to a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, those with high vitamin D intake showed a significant protective effect compared to those with lower intake levels. This suggests that vitamin D may play a beneficial role in kidney health.
However, our study also revealed some nuances. While vitamin D seemed to provide protection, the relationship with vitamin C intake was more complicated. As vitamin C intake rose, its effects shifted—initially protective but later potentially harmful if consumed in excess.
Additionally, our findings indicated that when vitamin D is taken alongside other vitamins, the protective effects against kidney stones could be enhanced. Overall, co-exposure to multiple vitamins was seen as beneficial, making vitamin combinations an interesting area for further research.
Read More
8
We analyzed how magnesium levels in urine might influence the occurrence of kidney stones. The study involved a mix of 468 patients who had been diagnosed with various types of urinary stones and underwent a detailed 24-hour urine analysis.
Our investigation found that 24-hour urinary magnesium was positively associated with both kidney stones and stones in multiple locations. Specifically, higher levels of magnesium corresponded with increased risk for these conditions. This relationship was particularly interesting because magnesium was highly correlated with another mineral, urinary phosphorus.
On the flip side, we also identified that 24-hour urinary creatinine acted as a protective factor against kidney and ureter stones, suggesting that maintaining adequate creatinine levels could potentially help prevent these types of stones. Additionally, eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) was noted as a risk factor especially for ureter stones and those that appear in multiple locations.
Ultimately, our study underscores that while magnesium is linked to stone formation, there are other contributing factors at play as well. This knowledge could guide improvements in dietary or medicinal strategies aimed at preventing kidney stones, especially emphasizing the need for a balanced intake of minerals in our diets.
Our investigation found that 24-hour urinary magnesium was positively associated with both kidney stones and stones in multiple locations. Specifically, higher levels of magnesium corresponded with increased risk for these conditions. This relationship was particularly interesting because magnesium was highly correlated with another mineral, urinary phosphorus.
On the flip side, we also identified that 24-hour urinary creatinine acted as a protective factor against kidney and ureter stones, suggesting that maintaining adequate creatinine levels could potentially help prevent these types of stones. Additionally, eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) was noted as a risk factor especially for ureter stones and those that appear in multiple locations.
Ultimately, our study underscores that while magnesium is linked to stone formation, there are other contributing factors at play as well. This knowledge could guide improvements in dietary or medicinal strategies aimed at preventing kidney stones, especially emphasizing the need for a balanced intake of minerals in our diets.
Read More
8
We analyzed a study focused on the effects of a combination of probiotics, potassium, and magnesium on kidney stone formation, specifically looking at crystalluria, which is the presence of crystals in urine that can signal the recurrence of kidney stones. The study involved 23 patients with calcium oxalate kidney stones who had crystalluria but normal metabolic profiles.
Over the course of 20 days, the patients received daily supplementation with beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium breve, along with potassium citrate and magnesium. After treatment, we observed a decrease in the presence of crystalluria at multiple follow-up points—1, 3, 6, and 12 months later.
Interestingly, while we noted that the probiotics and other agents helped reduce crystalluria, the study did not isolate the specific effects of magnesium alone. Therefore, we must be cautious in drawing firm conclusions about magnesium’s standalone effectiveness in this context.
Overall, the findings suggest that combining these supplements can be beneficial for patients with kidney stones, but the role of magnesium specifically requires further investigation.
Over the course of 20 days, the patients received daily supplementation with beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium breve, along with potassium citrate and magnesium. After treatment, we observed a decrease in the presence of crystalluria at multiple follow-up points—1, 3, 6, and 12 months later.
Interestingly, while we noted that the probiotics and other agents helped reduce crystalluria, the study did not isolate the specific effects of magnesium alone. Therefore, we must be cautious in drawing firm conclusions about magnesium’s standalone effectiveness in this context.
Overall, the findings suggest that combining these supplements can be beneficial for patients with kidney stones, but the role of magnesium specifically requires further investigation.
Read More
8
We aimed to find out how magnesium affects urinary levels of magnesium and citrate in people who form kidney stones and have low magnesium in their urine. By examining medical records, we compared two approaches: one group increased their magnesium through foods, while the other group received magnesium supplements.
We focused on adult patients whose urine magnesium levels were less than 70 mg a day. Following our recommendations, we observed significant changes after both dietary increases and supplementation. Those who took magnesium supplements showed a more pronounced improvement—about 88% were able to raise their urine magnesium to at least 70 mg a day, compared to just 58% in the dietary group.
Interestingly, only the supplement group showed a noticeable increase in urine citrate levels, which is also crucial in the prevention of kidney stones. Overall, both dietary and supplemental magnesium effectively improved magnesium levels, but supplementation had greater success in achieving desirable levels.
We focused on adult patients whose urine magnesium levels were less than 70 mg a day. Following our recommendations, we observed significant changes after both dietary increases and supplementation. Those who took magnesium supplements showed a more pronounced improvement—about 88% were able to raise their urine magnesium to at least 70 mg a day, compared to just 58% in the dietary group.
Interestingly, only the supplement group showed a noticeable increase in urine citrate levels, which is also crucial in the prevention of kidney stones. Overall, both dietary and supplemental magnesium effectively improved magnesium levels, but supplementation had greater success in achieving desirable levels.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Moderately Good
Based on 11 Reviews
7
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
0
Average quality
7 people found this helpful
I wouldn't recommend this. The calcium in this product is carbonate, which isn't well absorbed, posing a risk of kidney stones. Similarly, the magnesium forms are subpar. If you can, invest in a better supplement for your health.
Read More
8
Sleep improvement!
I've been using this magnesium supplement for three years with my family. With the stress of daily life, magnesium normalises our sleep and bodily functions. I recommend it, especially for those with kidney issues, as magnesium deficiency primarily affects the kidneys. If you're struggling with insomnia, this supplement can help you relax before sleep.
Read More
0
Kidney pain noted
I ordered this for the first time, but while taking the complex, I felt strong pain in my kidneys, so I stopped the course.
Read More
6
Wonderful complex!
117 people found this helpful
Excellent vitamins at a competitive price! I previously ordered separate vitamins but this time I was drawn to the combination and cost. I've been taking this complex for three weeks, and I feel fantastic. It's an essential set for those working in offices or post-pregnancy, like me. Just remember, calcium should be taken in courses to avoid kidney stones, so I plan to order again for winter. Overall, a wonderful complex! Highly recommend!
Read More
0
Poor absorption!
9 people found this helpful
This manufacturer produces one of the worst products. The cheap calcium carbonate in this supplement is poorly absorbed by the body and may even disrupt digestion. It's commonly believed that such inexpensive calcium might contribute to kidney stones.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
7.5
Kidney issues!
A budget option for four ingredients priced at 277 rubles. After taking it for a week, I've noticed pain in my kidneys subsiding, likely due to the high calcium content.
6
Wonderful complex!
117 people found this helpful
Excellent vitamins at a competitive price! I previously ordered separate vitamins but this time I was drawn to the combination and cost. I've been taking this complex for three weeks, and I feel fantastic. It's an essential set for those working in offices or post-pregnancy, like me. Just remember, calcium should be taken in courses to avoid kidney stones, so I plan to order again for winter. Overall, a wonderful complex! Highly recommend!
0
Average quality
7 people found this helpful
I wouldn't recommend this. The calcium in this product is carbonate, which isn't well absorbed, posing a risk of kidney stones. Similarly, the magnesium forms are subpar. If you can, invest in a better supplement for your health.
8
Sleep improvement!
I've been using this magnesium supplement for three years with my family. With the stress of daily life, magnesium normalises our sleep and bodily functions. I recommend it, especially for those with kidney issues, as magnesium deficiency primarily affects the kidneys. If you're struggling with insomnia, this supplement can help you relax before sleep.
0
Dreadful calcium!
1 people found this helpful
The calcium in this supplement is poorly absorbed and may lead to kidney stones. I regret not researching the product before buying.
0
Kidney pain noted
I ordered this for the first time, but while taking the complex, I felt strong pain in my kidneys, so I stopped the course.
0
Poor absorption!
9 people found this helpful
This manufacturer produces one of the worst products. The cheap calcium carbonate in this supplement is poorly absorbed by the body and may even disrupt digestion. It's commonly believed that such inexpensive calcium might contribute to kidney stones.
7.5
Calcium and hydration
8 people found this helpful
I really like this vitamin complex! I needed calcium, and it also contains magnesium and zinc. The tablets are reasonably large, and I enjoy taking them. It's essential to remember that calcium should be taken in courses to prevent kidney stones, so drink plenty of water during the course. Wishing everyone good health!
5
We set out to investigate whether there’s a connection between vitamin D levels and kidney stone disease (KSD) using data from the UK Biobank, which included a large group of participants. By analyzing this data through survival models, we aimed to find out if higher levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) could influence the likelihood of developing kidney stones.
Our analysis covered over 444,000 people, and we tracked the incidence of kidney stones over an average of 12.6 years. Interestingly, while higher 25(OH)D levels didn’t show a clear connection to kidney stones across the general population, we noted a significant finding in women over 60 years old. For this group, higher serum vitamin D concentrations were actually linked to a lower risk of KSD, suggesting a potential protective effect.
Despite these observations, it's noteworthy that an increase in vitamin D didn't correlate with a higher incidence of kidney stones, especially when serum calcium levels remained normal. This news could ease concerns around vitamin D supplementation solely aimed at boosting 25(OH)D levels. Overall, we could conclude that while there are nuances depending on age and sex, vitamin D’s role in kidney stone prevention appears limited.
Our analysis covered over 444,000 people, and we tracked the incidence of kidney stones over an average of 12.6 years. Interestingly, while higher 25(OH)D levels didn’t show a clear connection to kidney stones across the general population, we noted a significant finding in women over 60 years old. For this group, higher serum vitamin D concentrations were actually linked to a lower risk of KSD, suggesting a potential protective effect.
Despite these observations, it's noteworthy that an increase in vitamin D didn't correlate with a higher incidence of kidney stones, especially when serum calcium levels remained normal. This news could ease concerns around vitamin D supplementation solely aimed at boosting 25(OH)D levels. Overall, we could conclude that while there are nuances depending on age and sex, vitamin D’s role in kidney stone prevention appears limited.
4
Vitamin D's limited effect on kidney stones
We conducted a clinical trial to explore how different vitamin D treatment protocols affect kidney stones in patients who frequently experience them and have low vitamin D levels. We involved 62 participants, all with serum vitamin D levels between 10 to 20 ng/ml, and split them into two groups: one received 2000 IU of oral vitamin D daily for 12 weeks, while the other took 50,000 IU weekly for 8 weeks.
Our results showed that both treatment approaches led to a significant increase in 24-hour urine calcium. However, we observed no notable difference between the two therapies regarding this measure. Importantly, while there was an increase in 24-hour urine calcium, neither treatment affected the supersaturation levels of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, which are critical in the formation of kidney stones.
We also noted a significant rise in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, with the weekly regimen showing a greater increase. Alongside these changes, parathyroid hormone levels decreased in both groups. Ultimately, while vitamin D supplementation did elevate urine calcium levels, it did not enhance supersaturation factors that contribute to kidney stone formation, indicating that the benefits of vitamin D in this context may be limited.
Our results showed that both treatment approaches led to a significant increase in 24-hour urine calcium. However, we observed no notable difference between the two therapies regarding this measure. Importantly, while there was an increase in 24-hour urine calcium, neither treatment affected the supersaturation levels of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, which are critical in the formation of kidney stones.
We also noted a significant rise in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, with the weekly regimen showing a greater increase. Alongside these changes, parathyroid hormone levels decreased in both groups. Ultimately, while vitamin D supplementation did elevate urine calcium levels, it did not enhance supersaturation factors that contribute to kidney stone formation, indicating that the benefits of vitamin D in this context may be limited.
7
We investigated how different forms of zinc intake—dietary, supplemental, and serum levels—might connect to the prevalence of kidney stones in adults. By analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected over nearly a decade, we uncovered some interesting patterns.
Our findings revealed that dietary zinc intake appeared to be linked to a lower likelihood of developing kidney stones. In fact, for every increase in daily zinc intake, the odds of having kidney stones decreased. We noted that this relationship was particularly strong among women and individuals who were classified as overweight or obese.
Interestingly, while dietary zinc and serum zinc levels were inversely associated with kidney stones, we found no significant connection with supplemental zinc intake. This suggests that getting zinc from food sources may be more beneficial for kidney stone prevention than taking zinc supplements.
Overall, while our analysis highlights a potential protective effect of dietary zinc and serum zinc levels against kidney stones, it also points out the need for more thorough research to fully understand these relationships.
Our findings revealed that dietary zinc intake appeared to be linked to a lower likelihood of developing kidney stones. In fact, for every increase in daily zinc intake, the odds of having kidney stones decreased. We noted that this relationship was particularly strong among women and individuals who were classified as overweight or obese.
Interestingly, while dietary zinc and serum zinc levels were inversely associated with kidney stones, we found no significant connection with supplemental zinc intake. This suggests that getting zinc from food sources may be more beneficial for kidney stone prevention than taking zinc supplements.
Overall, while our analysis highlights a potential protective effect of dietary zinc and serum zinc levels against kidney stones, it also points out the need for more thorough research to fully understand these relationships.
7
We aimed to understand how dietary zinc intake might be related to kidney stone disease. By analyzing data from The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), we took a close look at a substantial group of adults to see if there was a noteworthy connection between their zinc intake and the prevalence of kidney stones as reported by participants themselves.
Our analysis included over 15,000 individuals aged 18 and older, revealing that 710 had a history of kidney stones. It's interesting to note that stone formers generally had a higher dietary zinc intake compared to those who had never experienced stones. However, this wasn’t deemed statistically significant.
Yet, when we dug deeper using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that higher dietary zinc intake was indeed associated with an increased risk of kidney stone disease. Specifically, the odds increased significantly when comparing those with a high intake (more than 15 mg/day) to those with lower intake (under 7 mg/day).
While our findings suggest that higher dietary zinc may elevate the risk of developing kidney stones, it’s important to clarify that this is an association, not a definitive cause. Therefore, more prospective studies are needed to fully unravel how zinc intake influences kidney stone formation.
Our analysis included over 15,000 individuals aged 18 and older, revealing that 710 had a history of kidney stones. It's interesting to note that stone formers generally had a higher dietary zinc intake compared to those who had never experienced stones. However, this wasn’t deemed statistically significant.
Yet, when we dug deeper using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that higher dietary zinc intake was indeed associated with an increased risk of kidney stone disease. Specifically, the odds increased significantly when comparing those with a high intake (more than 15 mg/day) to those with lower intake (under 7 mg/day).
While our findings suggest that higher dietary zinc may elevate the risk of developing kidney stones, it’s important to clarify that this is an association, not a definitive cause. Therefore, more prospective studies are needed to fully unravel how zinc intake influences kidney stone formation.
References
- Ran Y, Liu Z, Ma H, Li C, Zhou J, et al. Associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D/calcium/alkaline phosphatase levels and the risk of developing kidney stones: Results from NHANES (2013-2018)-based and Mendelian randomization studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025;104:e41323. 10.1097/MD.0000000000041323
- Gao C, Gao M, Huang Y. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and kidney stone: a cohort study in the UK Biobank. Int Urol Nephrol. 2024;56:3585. 10.1007/s11255-024-04111-8
- Dhayat NA, Mattmann C, Seeger H, Ritter A, Ernandez T, et al. The Vitamin D Metabolite Diagnostic Ratio Associates With Phenotypic Traits of Idiopathic Hypercalciuria. Kidney Int Rep. 2024;9:1072. 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.01.004
- Akinci A, Karaburun MC, Kubilay E, Solak VT, Sanci A, et al. Urinary stone in infants; should vitamin D prophylaxis be stopped?. J Pediatr Urol. 2024;20:604.e1. 10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.04.006
- Zeng H, Liu Z, He Y, Chen H, He J, et al. Multivitamins co-intake can reduce the prevalence of kidney stones: a large-scale cross-sectional study. Int Urol Nephrol. 2024;56:2991. 10.1007/s11255-024-04021-9
- Sardari Masihi L, Borumandnia N, Taheri M, Basiri A, Imani H, et al. Effect of two vitamin D repletion protocols on 24-h urine calcium in patients with recurrent calcium kidney stones and vitamin D deficiency: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Med Res. 2023;28:246. 10.1186/s40001-023-01226-z
- Isik G, Bozdag PG. Why is childhood urolithiasis increasing? Etiology, diagnosis and management: a single-center experience. J Nephrol. 2023;36:1599. 10.1007/s40620-023-01638-4
- Zhang J, Luo H, Wu H, Qian Y, Tang Z, et al. The association between domestic water hardness and kidney stone disease: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank. Int J Surg. 2025;111:1957. 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002198
- Ma L, Qiao Y, Wang R, Chen H, Liu G, et al. Machine Learning Models Decoding the Association Between Urinary Stone Diseases and Metabolic Urinary Profiles. Metabolites. 2024;14. 10.3390/metabo14120674
- Zhao H, Wang Y, Guan L, Sun Y. Association Between Magnesium Intake and Chronic Kidney Diseases and Kidney Stones in Adults Aged 50 years and Older: Dose-Response Analysis of a Nationally Representative Population-Based Study. J Ren Nutr. 2024. 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.11.004
- Vittori M, Bove P, Signoretti M, Cipriani C, Gasparoli C, et al. Oral supplementation with probiotics, potassium citrate, and magnesium in reducing crystalluria in stone formers: A phase II study. Urologia. 2024;91:681. 10.1177/03915603241272146
- Taheri M, Jalali S, Borumandnia N, Tavasoli S, Basiri A, et al. Effect of magnesium oxide or citrate supplements on metabolic risk factors in kidney stone formers with idiopathic hyperoxaluria: a randomized clinical trial. Magnes Res. 2024;37:12. 10.1684/mrh.2024.0524
- Penniston KL, Coughlin MM, Jhagroo RA. Magnesium Supplementation Increases Urine Magnesium and Citrate in Stone Formers With Hypomagnesuria. J Ren Nutr. 2024. 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.06.002
- Li Q, Krieger NS, Yang L, Asplin J, Bushinsky DA. Magnesium Decreases Urine Supersaturation but Not Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation in Genetic Hypercalciuric Stone-Forming Rats. Nephron. 2024;148:480. 10.1159/000534495
- Shringi S, Raker CA, Tang J. Dietary Magnesium Intake and Kidney Stone: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. R I Med J (2013). 2023;106:20.
- Rodriguez-Hesles CA, Alkhatatbeh H, Alonso Bartolomé MB, Valladares Ferreiro CA, Ayllón Blanco HR, et al. Urine alkalinization for dissolution of uric acid stones and treatment of other urological diseases with a treatment combining potassium magnesium citrate and theobromine. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2025;97:13824. 10.4081/aiua.2025.13824
- Güzel R, Erïhan İB, Özaydin İ, Aydin U, Bağcioğlu M, et al. Dose-dependant preventive effect of a herbal compound on crystal formation in rat model. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2023;95:11114. 10.4081/aiua.2023.11114
- Wu F, Cheng Y, Zhou J, Liu X, Lin R, et al. Zn regulates human oxalate metabolism by manipulating oxalate decarboxylase to treat calcium oxalate stones. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023;234:123320. 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123320
- Morales-Martínez A, Melgarejo-Segura MT, Cano-García MDC, Gutiérrez-Tejero F, Arrabal-Martín M, et al. [Assessment of radiopaque kidney stone treatment: Combination of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and Fagolitos Plus®. Preliminary case control description.]. Arch Esp Urol. 2021;74:489.
- Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang D, Zhou Q. Dietary zinc intake, supplemental zinc intake and serum zinc levels and the prevalence of kidney stones in adults. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2020;57:126410. 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126410
- Tasian GE, Ross ME, Song L, Grundmeier RW, Massey J, et al. Dietary Zinc and Incident Calcium Kidney Stones in Adolescence. J Urol. 2017;197:1342. 10.1016/j.juro.2016.11.096
- Chi T, Kim MS, Lang S, Bose N, Kahn A, et al. A Drosophila model identifies a critical role for zinc in mineralization for kidney stone disease. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0124150. 10.1371/journal.pone.0124150
- Tang J, McFann K, Chonchol M. Dietary zinc intake and kidney stone formation: evaluation of NHANES III. Am J Nephrol. 2012;36:549. 10.1159/000345550
- Grases F, Garcia-Gonzalez R, Torres JJ, Llobera A. Effects of phytic acid on renal stone formation in rats. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1998;32:261.
