5/27/2025
Last update
5/27/2025
Infographics 
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 16 Researches
7
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 4 Reviews
8.4
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 2 Soft Gels
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
10
Total Fat
1 g
1%
Saturated Fat
0 g
0%
Trans Fat
0 g
†
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)
10 mcg (400 IU)
67%
Total Omega-3s♦
830 mg
†
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
205 mg
†
DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)
480 mg
†
Top Medical Research Studies
9
We focused our research on the potential benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, for individuals suffering from acne. Over a period of 16 weeks, we encouraged 60 patients to follow a Mediterranean diet while taking algae-derived EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplements. Our goal was to see if increasing their omega-3 levels could improve acne symptoms.
At the start of the study, an impressive 98.3% of the participants were found to have low levels of EPA/DHA. By the end of the study, we observed a significant increase in their omega-3 levels from an average of 4.9% to 8.3%. This boost correlated with noticeable improvements in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions.
Interestingly, we noted that while individual perceptions of appearance varied—some reporting no improvement—overall quality of life for the participants enhanced significantly, particularly in those with papulopustular acne. Alongside dietary changes, participants reduced their intake of cow’s milk and dairy products, and we did not encounter any negative side effects from the intervention.
Ultimately, our findings suggest that boosting omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA, through diet and supplementation can effectively help manage acne severity in patients.
At the start of the study, an impressive 98.3% of the participants were found to have low levels of EPA/DHA. By the end of the study, we observed a significant increase in their omega-3 levels from an average of 4.9% to 8.3%. This boost correlated with noticeable improvements in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions.
Interestingly, we noted that while individual perceptions of appearance varied—some reporting no improvement—overall quality of life for the participants enhanced significantly, particularly in those with papulopustular acne. Alongside dietary changes, participants reduced their intake of cow’s milk and dairy products, and we did not encounter any negative side effects from the intervention.
Ultimately, our findings suggest that boosting omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA, through diet and supplementation can effectively help manage acne severity in patients.
Read More
9
We investigated the relationship between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and the occurrence of acne. Using a method called Mendelian randomization, we looked at how genetic variations associated with DHA might influence acne development in large groups of participants, including over 115,000 individuals from the UK and nearly 364,000 of Finnish ancestry.
Our findings revealed that higher levels of DHA are actually linked to a lower risk of developing acne. Specifically, we found that a significant increase in DHA levels or its proportion compared to total fatty acids corresponded with a reduced likelihood of acne. In contrast, higher levels of linoleic acid (LA), another type of PUFA, were associated with an increased acne risk.
This suggests that balancing our intake of these fatty acids might be important for skin health. Notably, the results pointed towards a genetic connection involving the FADS1 gene, which appears to play a role in how these fatty acids affect our skin.
In conclusion, increasing DHA could be beneficial in protecting against acne, while excessive linoleic acid might have the opposite effect. Overall, our study highlights the importance of these fatty acids in understanding acne risk better.
Our findings revealed that higher levels of DHA are actually linked to a lower risk of developing acne. Specifically, we found that a significant increase in DHA levels or its proportion compared to total fatty acids corresponded with a reduced likelihood of acne. In contrast, higher levels of linoleic acid (LA), another type of PUFA, were associated with an increased acne risk.
This suggests that balancing our intake of these fatty acids might be important for skin health. Notably, the results pointed towards a genetic connection involving the FADS1 gene, which appears to play a role in how these fatty acids affect our skin.
In conclusion, increasing DHA could be beneficial in protecting against acne, while excessive linoleic acid might have the opposite effect. Overall, our study highlights the importance of these fatty acids in understanding acne risk better.
Read More
8
We explored the effects of vitamin D and its analogs on acne, primarily focusing on their ability to reduce the size of comedones (or acne lesions) in a rhino mouse model. This study evaluated the active form of vitamin D, known as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), along with several modified analogs.
All analogs tested, including the natural hormone, increased the thickness of skin. However, only a particular group of analogs without a full side chain and 25-hydroxyl group were effective in actually reducing comedone size. Notably, this reduction in acne did not negatively impact serum calcium levels, which is a common concern with vitamin D treatments.
Interestingly, while all compounds featuring a side chain of 2 to 5 carbons worked similarly in terms of comedolytic activity, longer chains tended to increase calcemic risk. Moreover, our findings indicated that increasing the epidermal thickness required a lower dose compared to what was needed for comedolysis. This identifies a distinct set of vitamin D analogs that can help manage acne without the side effects of hypercalcemia.
Overall, we highlighted how certain vitamin D analogs can combat acne effectively while minimizing potential risks related to calcium levels.
All analogs tested, including the natural hormone, increased the thickness of skin. However, only a particular group of analogs without a full side chain and 25-hydroxyl group were effective in actually reducing comedone size. Notably, this reduction in acne did not negatively impact serum calcium levels, which is a common concern with vitamin D treatments.
Interestingly, while all compounds featuring a side chain of 2 to 5 carbons worked similarly in terms of comedolytic activity, longer chains tended to increase calcemic risk. Moreover, our findings indicated that increasing the epidermal thickness required a lower dose compared to what was needed for comedolysis. This identifies a distinct set of vitamin D analogs that can help manage acne without the side effects of hypercalcemia.
Overall, we highlighted how certain vitamin D analogs can combat acne effectively while minimizing potential risks related to calcium levels.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
No acne issues
I tried elevit and femibion prenatals and noticed no nausea from these capsules, less hair loss, no acne, and softer skin, even in winter. My skin feels soft and moisturised.
Read More
9
Great for acne
It definitely works! I feel great, with good skin free from acne and shinier hair. The quantity lasts long and I plan to order more for lactation. Omega-3 is beneficial for pregnant women, with no fishy aftertaste from the capsules. Although pricey, my trust in the brand is strong. Highly recommend.
Read More
7.5
Reduced acne effectively
3 people found this helpful
Real love TOOK since mid-pregnancy, well absorbed without any fishy vitamin D. It has been helpful in reducing my acne and depression. Prior to this, I experienced sweet acne during pregnancy, and I've not consumed the usual fish types. I was pleasantly surprised by the effect. I will order again for my baby.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 16 Researches
7
- All Researches
9
We investigated the effectiveness of Tracnil™, which combines myo-inositol, folic acid, and vitamin D3, on acne and other dermatological issues in overweight women with conditions related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Our findings showed that participants experienced a significant reduction in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions within just eight weeks.
Notably, alongside improvements in acne, we observed positive changes in hirsutism—excess hair growth—and menstrual irregularities. Throughout the study, participants' safety was closely monitored, showing minimal adverse effects, while hormone levels remained stable despite our subjects initially having normal readings.
This leads us to believe that Tracnil™ may help regulate the body's response to sex hormones or perform other essential functions in managing PCOS symptoms, even when hormonal levels are not significantly abnormal. Therefore, we suggest that Tracnil™ could be an effective first-line treatment option for addressing dermatological concerns related to PCOS, simplifying treatment for those affected.
Notably, alongside improvements in acne, we observed positive changes in hirsutism—excess hair growth—and menstrual irregularities. Throughout the study, participants' safety was closely monitored, showing minimal adverse effects, while hormone levels remained stable despite our subjects initially having normal readings.
This leads us to believe that Tracnil™ may help regulate the body's response to sex hormones or perform other essential functions in managing PCOS symptoms, even when hormonal levels are not significantly abnormal. Therefore, we suggest that Tracnil™ could be an effective first-line treatment option for addressing dermatological concerns related to PCOS, simplifying treatment for those affected.
Read More
9
We focused our research on the potential benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, for individuals suffering from acne. Over a period of 16 weeks, we encouraged 60 patients to follow a Mediterranean diet while taking algae-derived EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplements. Our goal was to see if increasing their omega-3 levels could improve acne symptoms.
At the start of the study, an impressive 98.3% of the participants were found to have low levels of EPA/DHA. By the end of the study, we observed a significant increase in their omega-3 levels from an average of 4.9% to 8.3%. This boost correlated with noticeable improvements in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions.
Interestingly, we noted that while individual perceptions of appearance varied—some reporting no improvement—overall quality of life for the participants enhanced significantly, particularly in those with papulopustular acne. Alongside dietary changes, participants reduced their intake of cow’s milk and dairy products, and we did not encounter any negative side effects from the intervention.
Ultimately, our findings suggest that boosting omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA, through diet and supplementation can effectively help manage acne severity in patients.
At the start of the study, an impressive 98.3% of the participants were found to have low levels of EPA/DHA. By the end of the study, we observed a significant increase in their omega-3 levels from an average of 4.9% to 8.3%. This boost correlated with noticeable improvements in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions.
Interestingly, we noted that while individual perceptions of appearance varied—some reporting no improvement—overall quality of life for the participants enhanced significantly, particularly in those with papulopustular acne. Alongside dietary changes, participants reduced their intake of cow’s milk and dairy products, and we did not encounter any negative side effects from the intervention.
Ultimately, our findings suggest that boosting omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA, through diet and supplementation can effectively help manage acne severity in patients.
Read More
9
We investigated the relationship between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and the occurrence of acne. Using a method called Mendelian randomization, we looked at how genetic variations associated with DHA might influence acne development in large groups of participants, including over 115,000 individuals from the UK and nearly 364,000 of Finnish ancestry.
Our findings revealed that higher levels of DHA are actually linked to a lower risk of developing acne. Specifically, we found that a significant increase in DHA levels or its proportion compared to total fatty acids corresponded with a reduced likelihood of acne. In contrast, higher levels of linoleic acid (LA), another type of PUFA, were associated with an increased acne risk.
This suggests that balancing our intake of these fatty acids might be important for skin health. Notably, the results pointed towards a genetic connection involving the FADS1 gene, which appears to play a role in how these fatty acids affect our skin.
In conclusion, increasing DHA could be beneficial in protecting against acne, while excessive linoleic acid might have the opposite effect. Overall, our study highlights the importance of these fatty acids in understanding acne risk better.
Our findings revealed that higher levels of DHA are actually linked to a lower risk of developing acne. Specifically, we found that a significant increase in DHA levels or its proportion compared to total fatty acids corresponded with a reduced likelihood of acne. In contrast, higher levels of linoleic acid (LA), another type of PUFA, were associated with an increased acne risk.
This suggests that balancing our intake of these fatty acids might be important for skin health. Notably, the results pointed towards a genetic connection involving the FADS1 gene, which appears to play a role in how these fatty acids affect our skin.
In conclusion, increasing DHA could be beneficial in protecting against acne, while excessive linoleic acid might have the opposite effect. Overall, our study highlights the importance of these fatty acids in understanding acne risk better.
Read More
8
We set out to investigate the effectiveness of topical vitamin D3 in treating acne vulgaris, particularly focusing on its anti-inflammatory effects. To do this, we conducted a well-structured double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial over eight weeks. Participants were divided into two groups—one receiving topical vitamin D3 and the other a placebo—both alongside a common acne treatment known as adapalene.
Throughout the study, we closely monitored the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine often elevated in acne lesions. By using advanced assays, we were able to quantify the decrease in IL-1β alongside observing the reduction in inflammatory lesions over time. What we discovered was promising; the topical application of vitamin D3 not only helped lower IL-1β levels in acne lesions but also contributed to a noticeable decrease in acne severity.
These results suggest that vitamin D3 might play a valuable role in managing acne through its ability to modulate inflammation and improve skin conditions. Therefore, incorporating vitamin D3 into acne treatment regimens could be beneficial for those struggling with this common skin issue.
Throughout the study, we closely monitored the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine often elevated in acne lesions. By using advanced assays, we were able to quantify the decrease in IL-1β alongside observing the reduction in inflammatory lesions over time. What we discovered was promising; the topical application of vitamin D3 not only helped lower IL-1β levels in acne lesions but also contributed to a noticeable decrease in acne severity.
These results suggest that vitamin D3 might play a valuable role in managing acne through its ability to modulate inflammation and improve skin conditions. Therefore, incorporating vitamin D3 into acne treatment regimens could be beneficial for those struggling with this common skin issue.
Read More
8
We explored the relationship between vitamin D levels and acne by comparing 80 acne patients with 80 healthy individuals. Through our analysis, we found that vitamin D deficiency was noticeably more common among those with acne, highlighting a potential avenue for treatment. Almost 49% of the acne group was found to have low vitamin D levels, compared to just 22.5% in the control group.
Moreover, we observed a clear connection between the severity of acne and vitamin D levels. Specifically, lower vitamin D levels seemed to correlate with more severe inflammatory acne lesions. This prompted us to examine whether supplementing with vitamin D could lead to improvement. We treated participants with a vitamin D supplement for two months, and many reported a positive change in their skin condition.
However, it's important to note that our study had limitations, such as a small sample size for the supplementation group and the natural variability of acne. Overall, while there appears to be a link between vitamin D deficiency and acne severity, and some positive effects from supplementation, further research is needed to better understand and confirm these findings.
Moreover, we observed a clear connection between the severity of acne and vitamin D levels. Specifically, lower vitamin D levels seemed to correlate with more severe inflammatory acne lesions. This prompted us to examine whether supplementing with vitamin D could lead to improvement. We treated participants with a vitamin D supplement for two months, and many reported a positive change in their skin condition.
However, it's important to note that our study had limitations, such as a small sample size for the supplementation group and the natural variability of acne. Overall, while there appears to be a link between vitamin D deficiency and acne severity, and some positive effects from supplementation, further research is needed to better understand and confirm these findings.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 4 Reviews
8.4
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
No acne issues
I tried elevit and femibion prenatals and noticed no nausea from these capsules, less hair loss, no acne, and softer skin, even in winter. My skin feels soft and moisturised.
Read More
9
Great for acne
It definitely works! I feel great, with good skin free from acne and shinier hair. The quantity lasts long and I plan to order more for lactation. Omega-3 is beneficial for pregnant women, with no fishy aftertaste from the capsules. Although pricey, my trust in the brand is strong. Highly recommend.
Read More
7.5
Reduced acne effectively
3 people found this helpful
Real love TOOK since mid-pregnancy, well absorbed without any fishy vitamin D. It has been helpful in reducing my acne and depression. Prior to this, I experienced sweet acne during pregnancy, and I've not consumed the usual fish types. I was pleasantly surprised by the effect. I will order again for my baby.
Read More
7.5
Effective for acne
This is the best Omega 3 for pregnant women! In my first month, I faced hair loss and skin issues, including dryness and acne. After a week or two of taking this omega, I noticed improvements. The EPA and DHA ratio is optimal, convenient to take, and it really works for both me and my baby!
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
7.5
Reduced acne effectively
3 people found this helpful
Real love TOOK since mid-pregnancy, well absorbed without any fishy vitamin D. It has been helpful in reducing my acne and depression. Prior to this, I experienced sweet acne during pregnancy, and I've not consumed the usual fish types. I was pleasantly surprised by the effect. I will order again for my baby.
9
No acne issues
I tried elevit and femibion prenatals and noticed no nausea from these capsules, less hair loss, no acne, and softer skin, even in winter. My skin feels soft and moisturised.
9
Great for acne
It definitely works! I feel great, with good skin free from acne and shinier hair. The quantity lasts long and I plan to order more for lactation. Omega-3 is beneficial for pregnant women, with no fishy aftertaste from the capsules. Although pricey, my trust in the brand is strong. Highly recommend.
8
We set out to investigate the effectiveness of topical vitamin D3 in treating acne vulgaris, particularly focusing on its anti-inflammatory effects. To do this, we conducted a well-structured double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial over eight weeks. Participants were divided into two groups—one receiving topical vitamin D3 and the other a placebo—both alongside a common acne treatment known as adapalene.
Throughout the study, we closely monitored the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine often elevated in acne lesions. By using advanced assays, we were able to quantify the decrease in IL-1β alongside observing the reduction in inflammatory lesions over time. What we discovered was promising; the topical application of vitamin D3 not only helped lower IL-1β levels in acne lesions but also contributed to a noticeable decrease in acne severity.
These results suggest that vitamin D3 might play a valuable role in managing acne through its ability to modulate inflammation and improve skin conditions. Therefore, incorporating vitamin D3 into acne treatment regimens could be beneficial for those struggling with this common skin issue.
Throughout the study, we closely monitored the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine often elevated in acne lesions. By using advanced assays, we were able to quantify the decrease in IL-1β alongside observing the reduction in inflammatory lesions over time. What we discovered was promising; the topical application of vitamin D3 not only helped lower IL-1β levels in acne lesions but also contributed to a noticeable decrease in acne severity.
These results suggest that vitamin D3 might play a valuable role in managing acne through its ability to modulate inflammation and improve skin conditions. Therefore, incorporating vitamin D3 into acne treatment regimens could be beneficial for those struggling with this common skin issue.
4
We aimed to understand the connection between vitamin D levels and acne severity, especially considering body mass index (BMI) factors. In our study, we compared vitamin D levels in 50 acne patients with 30 healthy volunteers. We utilized a known grading system to assess the severity of acne while also calculating BMI for all participants.
Our findings revealed that vitamin D deficiency was noticeably more common among acne patients, with 28% of them showing low levels, as opposed to just 6.7% in the control group. However, we did not find a significant difference in the average vitamin D levels between the two groups. The most striking observation was that nearly 60% of the patients with very severe acne were vitamin D deficient, and a high percentage of these individuals also experienced increased BMI.
While we witnessed a correlation between low vitamin D levels and more severe acne cases, we must conclude that the study did not directly test the effectiveness of vitamin D3 treatment. Instead, it showed an associated relationship. This means that while vitamin D deficiency seems relevant to acne severity, we cannot definitively say that vitamin D3 treatment would improve acne conditions based on our observations.
Our findings revealed that vitamin D deficiency was noticeably more common among acne patients, with 28% of them showing low levels, as opposed to just 6.7% in the control group. However, we did not find a significant difference in the average vitamin D levels between the two groups. The most striking observation was that nearly 60% of the patients with very severe acne were vitamin D deficient, and a high percentage of these individuals also experienced increased BMI.
While we witnessed a correlation between low vitamin D levels and more severe acne cases, we must conclude that the study did not directly test the effectiveness of vitamin D3 treatment. Instead, it showed an associated relationship. This means that while vitamin D deficiency seems relevant to acne severity, we cannot definitively say that vitamin D3 treatment would improve acne conditions based on our observations.
4
This study delved into the effects of calcium and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (also known as vitamin D3) on sebaceous glands and their potential link to acne. We explored how different concentrations of extracellular calcium influenced sebocyte cells, which are crucial in producing sebum. Under low calcium conditions, we noticed increased lipogenesis, which is the process of fat production, and cell detachment.
As we increased extracellular calcium levels, we observed significant changes. More sebocyte cells formed, the cells took on a healthier epithelial shape, and lipid production decreased. Interestingly, lower calcium levels decreased E-cadherin and heightened markers for apoptosis, suggesting that lack of calcium led to cell death. We also found that vitamin D3 lowered lipogenesis but indicated signs of autophagy, a cell-cleaning process.
Clinical observations revealed that while both acne patients and control subjects had normal serum calcium levels, younger acne patients showed lower levels of vitamin D3 than their older counterparts. This could be significant, as the lower vitamin D3 levels might contribute to increased sebaceous gland activity and oil production, which are factors in acne development.
Ultimately, while vitamin D3 shows some influence on sebocyte lipid production and cell structure, the altered levels of calcium and vitamin D3 in acne patients merit further exploration for potential treatments, especially since no conclusive benefit was noted for vitamin D3 as a direct acne remedy.
As we increased extracellular calcium levels, we observed significant changes. More sebocyte cells formed, the cells took on a healthier epithelial shape, and lipid production decreased. Interestingly, lower calcium levels decreased E-cadherin and heightened markers for apoptosis, suggesting that lack of calcium led to cell death. We also found that vitamin D3 lowered lipogenesis but indicated signs of autophagy, a cell-cleaning process.
Clinical observations revealed that while both acne patients and control subjects had normal serum calcium levels, younger acne patients showed lower levels of vitamin D3 than their older counterparts. This could be significant, as the lower vitamin D3 levels might contribute to increased sebaceous gland activity and oil production, which are factors in acne development.
Ultimately, while vitamin D3 shows some influence on sebocyte lipid production and cell structure, the altered levels of calcium and vitamin D3 in acne patients merit further exploration for potential treatments, especially since no conclusive benefit was noted for vitamin D3 as a direct acne remedy.
8
We explored the relationship between vitamin D levels and acne by comparing 80 acne patients with 80 healthy individuals. Through our analysis, we found that vitamin D deficiency was noticeably more common among those with acne, highlighting a potential avenue for treatment. Almost 49% of the acne group was found to have low vitamin D levels, compared to just 22.5% in the control group.
Moreover, we observed a clear connection between the severity of acne and vitamin D levels. Specifically, lower vitamin D levels seemed to correlate with more severe inflammatory acne lesions. This prompted us to examine whether supplementing with vitamin D could lead to improvement. We treated participants with a vitamin D supplement for two months, and many reported a positive change in their skin condition.
However, it's important to note that our study had limitations, such as a small sample size for the supplementation group and the natural variability of acne. Overall, while there appears to be a link between vitamin D deficiency and acne severity, and some positive effects from supplementation, further research is needed to better understand and confirm these findings.
Moreover, we observed a clear connection between the severity of acne and vitamin D levels. Specifically, lower vitamin D levels seemed to correlate with more severe inflammatory acne lesions. This prompted us to examine whether supplementing with vitamin D could lead to improvement. We treated participants with a vitamin D supplement for two months, and many reported a positive change in their skin condition.
However, it's important to note that our study had limitations, such as a small sample size for the supplementation group and the natural variability of acne. Overall, while there appears to be a link between vitamin D deficiency and acne severity, and some positive effects from supplementation, further research is needed to better understand and confirm these findings.
References
- Dahlan NH, Sitohang IBS, Indriatmi W, Wibowo H, Enggy LE. Correlation Between Reduced IL-1β Levels in Acne Lesions and the Decrease in Acne Inflammatory Lesions Following Topical Vitamin D Administration: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2024;17:2183. 10.2147/CCID.S475068
- Singh A, Dorjay K, Sinha S, Chitkara A. The interplay of vitamin D and body mass index in acne patients vs. controls. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20:3689. 10.1111/jocd.14034
- Ramanan EA, Ravi S, Anbu KRR, Michael M. Efficacy and Safety of Tracnil™ Administration in Patients with Dermatological Manifestations of PCOS: An Open-Label Single-Arm Study. Dermatol Res Pract. 2020;2020:7019126. 10.1155/2020/7019126
- Abd-Elmaged WM, Nada EA, Hassan MH, Elsadek BEM, Abdelrahim EA, et al. Lesional and circulating levels of interleukin-17 and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in active acne vulgaris: Correlation to disease severity. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019;18:671. 10.1111/jocd.12715
- Sardana K, Verma G. and the Th1/Th17 Axis, Implications in Acne Pathogenesis and Treatment. Indian J Dermatol. 2017;62:392. 10.4103/ijd.IJD_483_16
- Zouboulis CC, Seltmann H, Abdel-Naser MB, Hossini AM, Menon GK, et al. Effects of Extracellular Calcium and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Sebaceous Gland Cells In vitro and In vivo. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97:313. 10.2340/00015555-2525
- Lim SK, Ha JM, Lee YH, Lee Y, Seo YJ, et al. Comparison of Vitamin D Levels in Patients with and without Acne: A Case-Control Study Combined with a Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0161162. 10.1371/journal.pone.0161162
- Nieves NJ, Ahrens JM, Plum LA, DeLuca HF, Clagett-Dame M. Identification of a unique subset of 2-methylene-19-nor analogs of vitamin D with comedolytic activity in the rhino mouse. J Invest Dermatol. 2010;130:2359. 10.1038/jid.2010.142
- Reichrath J. Vitamin D and the skin: an ancient friend, revisited. Exp Dermatol. 2007;16:618.
- Hayashi N, Watanabe H, Yasukawa H, Uratsuji H, Kanazawa H, et al. Comedolytic effect of topically applied active vitamin D3 analogue on pseudocomedones in the rhino mouse. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155:895.
- Guertler A, Neu K, Lill D, Clanner-Engelshofen B, French LE, et al. Exploring the potential of omega-3 fatty acids in acne patients: A prospective intervention study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024;23:3295. 10.1111/jocd.16434
- Aslan İ, Özcan F, Karaarslan T, Kıraç E, Aslan M. Decreased eicosapentaenoic acid levels in acne vulgaris reveals the presence of a proinflammatory state. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2017;128-129:1. 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.12.001
- Jung JY, Kwon HH, Hong JS, Yoon JY, Park MS, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid and gamma-linolenic acid on acne vulgaris: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014;94:521. 10.2340/00015555-1802
- Desbois AP, Lawlor KC. Antibacterial activity of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Mar Drugs. 2013;11:4544. 10.3390/md11114544
- Rubin MG, Kim K, Logan AC. Acne vulgaris, mental health and omega-3 fatty acids: a report of cases. Lipids Health Dis. 2008;7:36. 10.1186/1476-511X-7-36
- Kim BR, Kim G, Jin SP, Choi CW, Kim J, et al. The causal association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and acne: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Br J Dermatol. 2025. 10.1093/bjd/ljaf052
