Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 9 Researches
7.7
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 17 Reviews
8.3
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Veg Capsule
Amount Per Serving
%DV
L-Theanine
200 mg
*
Inositol
100 mg
*
Top Medical Research Studies
7
We investigated whether small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from human palatine tonsil mesenchymal stem cells could boost myo-inositol levels in the context of menopause. This was particularly interesting given that menopausal women are prone to chronic inflammation due to physiological changes and related issues like metabolic syndrome.
To explore this, we treated mice with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to simulate inflammation and assessed how the inclusion of T-MSC sEVs influenced myo-inositol production. After treatment, we measured levels of proteins involved in inositol synthesis in skeletal muscle and checked the serum for inositol levels.
Our findings are encouraging and suggest that T-MSC sEVs might help mitigate some effects of chronic inflammation linked to menopause. By supporting skeletal muscle mass and maintaining myo-inositol levels, these sEVs could be an effective strategy for improving metabolic health in menopausal women. This study sheds light on a potential new approach to tackle metabolic disturbances during this life stage.
To explore this, we treated mice with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to simulate inflammation and assessed how the inclusion of T-MSC sEVs influenced myo-inositol production. After treatment, we measured levels of proteins involved in inositol synthesis in skeletal muscle and checked the serum for inositol levels.
Our findings are encouraging and suggest that T-MSC sEVs might help mitigate some effects of chronic inflammation linked to menopause. By supporting skeletal muscle mass and maintaining myo-inositol levels, these sEVs could be an effective strategy for improving metabolic health in menopausal women. This study sheds light on a potential new approach to tackle metabolic disturbances during this life stage.
Read More
9
Myo-inositol aids menopause health
We conducted a study to see if myo-inositol, recognized for its insulin-sensitizing properties, could help postmenopausal women dealing with metabolic syndrome. Eighty women participated in a controlled trial, engaging in a modified diet combined with either myo-inositol supplementation or a placebo for six months.
Our findings were promising. Women who took myo-inositol experienced notable improvements in several health markers. Specifically, there was a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, along with significant drops in the HOMA index—an important measure of insulin resistance—cholesterol levels, and triglycerides. In fact, those taking myo-inositol saw a remarkable 75% decrease in insulin resistance and a 20% reduction in triglycerides.
The results suggest that myo-inositol could be a valuable option for improving the health of postmenopausal women suffering from metabolic syndrome. This is encouraging news for those looking for effective ways to manage their health during menopause.
Our findings were promising. Women who took myo-inositol experienced notable improvements in several health markers. Specifically, there was a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, along with significant drops in the HOMA index—an important measure of insulin resistance—cholesterol levels, and triglycerides. In fact, those taking myo-inositol saw a remarkable 75% decrease in insulin resistance and a 20% reduction in triglycerides.
The results suggest that myo-inositol could be a valuable option for improving the health of postmenopausal women suffering from metabolic syndrome. This is encouraging news for those looking for effective ways to manage their health during menopause.
Read More
9
Myo-inositol improves menopausal symptoms
We undertook a retrospective clinical study examining how myo-inositol, along with cocoa polyphenols and soy isoflavones, influences menopausal symptoms in women with metabolic syndrome. Analyzing data from 200 menopausal women, we focused on the effects of a daily supplement over a period of six months.
Our findings indicated significant improvements in both vasomotor symptoms, like hot flushes, and overall metabolic health. For instance, the number of women experiencing frequent hot flushes reduced dramatically, with more women reporting only a few flushes after supplementation. Additionally, we noted a decrease in moderate depression symptoms among participants.
On the metabolic side, women showed improvements in body mass index and waist circumference, paralleling a reduction in the percentage of those categorized as overweight or obese. We also observed a reduction in the number of participants suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetes, suggesting a positive impact of the supplement on metabolic health.
These encouraging results point to the potential benefits of myo-inositol and its accompanying compounds for managing menopausal symptoms and metabolic issues. However, we recognize the need for further controlled clinical trials to fully understand the effectiveness of these natural supplements.
Our findings indicated significant improvements in both vasomotor symptoms, like hot flushes, and overall metabolic health. For instance, the number of women experiencing frequent hot flushes reduced dramatically, with more women reporting only a few flushes after supplementation. Additionally, we noted a decrease in moderate depression symptoms among participants.
On the metabolic side, women showed improvements in body mass index and waist circumference, paralleling a reduction in the percentage of those categorized as overweight or obese. We also observed a reduction in the number of participants suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetes, suggesting a positive impact of the supplement on metabolic health.
These encouraging results point to the potential benefits of myo-inositol and its accompanying compounds for managing menopausal symptoms and metabolic issues. However, we recognize the need for further controlled clinical trials to fully understand the effectiveness of these natural supplements.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Improved sleep quality
5 people found this helpful
I began taking this due to sleep issues during menopause that left me feeling unmotivated. Taking one tablet each morning made my head feel clearer, and my motivation returned. My sleep disturbances have improved significantly; I now wake up less during the night and feel refreshed in the morning. Daytime frustrations have also decreased. I will continue using this supplement.
Read More
9
Reduced anxiety
3 people found this helpful
Where do I begin? Theanine is an effective supplement for stress and anxiety, helping to quiet my racing thoughts at bedtime without causing drowsiness. I now find it easier to relax and fall asleep. During PMS, I take one cap on an empty stomach, which alleviates irritability linked to menopause. It’s safe, and I’ve recommended it to friends experiencing similar issues.
Read More
10
Effective sleep aid
2 people found this helpful
A friend recommended this supplement to address sleep disturbances during menopause. It has proved very effective for me as well. I take two capsules an hour before bed, along with 100mg of 5-HTP, to ensure I fall asleep and stay asleep until morning. I’m extremely pleased with the results; those suffering from sleep issues will understand my satisfaction.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 9 Researches
7.7
- All Researches
9
Myo-inositol improves menopausal symptoms
We undertook a retrospective clinical study examining how myo-inositol, along with cocoa polyphenols and soy isoflavones, influences menopausal symptoms in women with metabolic syndrome. Analyzing data from 200 menopausal women, we focused on the effects of a daily supplement over a period of six months.
Our findings indicated significant improvements in both vasomotor symptoms, like hot flushes, and overall metabolic health. For instance, the number of women experiencing frequent hot flushes reduced dramatically, with more women reporting only a few flushes after supplementation. Additionally, we noted a decrease in moderate depression symptoms among participants.
On the metabolic side, women showed improvements in body mass index and waist circumference, paralleling a reduction in the percentage of those categorized as overweight or obese. We also observed a reduction in the number of participants suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetes, suggesting a positive impact of the supplement on metabolic health.
These encouraging results point to the potential benefits of myo-inositol and its accompanying compounds for managing menopausal symptoms and metabolic issues. However, we recognize the need for further controlled clinical trials to fully understand the effectiveness of these natural supplements.
Our findings indicated significant improvements in both vasomotor symptoms, like hot flushes, and overall metabolic health. For instance, the number of women experiencing frequent hot flushes reduced dramatically, with more women reporting only a few flushes after supplementation. Additionally, we noted a decrease in moderate depression symptoms among participants.
On the metabolic side, women showed improvements in body mass index and waist circumference, paralleling a reduction in the percentage of those categorized as overweight or obese. We also observed a reduction in the number of participants suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetes, suggesting a positive impact of the supplement on metabolic health.
These encouraging results point to the potential benefits of myo-inositol and its accompanying compounds for managing menopausal symptoms and metabolic issues. However, we recognize the need for further controlled clinical trials to fully understand the effectiveness of these natural supplements.
Read More
9
Myo-inositol aids menopause health
We conducted a study to see if myo-inositol, recognized for its insulin-sensitizing properties, could help postmenopausal women dealing with metabolic syndrome. Eighty women participated in a controlled trial, engaging in a modified diet combined with either myo-inositol supplementation or a placebo for six months.
Our findings were promising. Women who took myo-inositol experienced notable improvements in several health markers. Specifically, there was a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, along with significant drops in the HOMA index—an important measure of insulin resistance—cholesterol levels, and triglycerides. In fact, those taking myo-inositol saw a remarkable 75% decrease in insulin resistance and a 20% reduction in triglycerides.
The results suggest that myo-inositol could be a valuable option for improving the health of postmenopausal women suffering from metabolic syndrome. This is encouraging news for those looking for effective ways to manage their health during menopause.
Our findings were promising. Women who took myo-inositol experienced notable improvements in several health markers. Specifically, there was a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, along with significant drops in the HOMA index—an important measure of insulin resistance—cholesterol levels, and triglycerides. In fact, those taking myo-inositol saw a remarkable 75% decrease in insulin resistance and a 20% reduction in triglycerides.
The results suggest that myo-inositol could be a valuable option for improving the health of postmenopausal women suffering from metabolic syndrome. This is encouraging news for those looking for effective ways to manage their health during menopause.
Read More
8
Myo-inositol shows potential benefits
This study explored how a new supplement, featuring myo-inositol, cocoa polyphenols, and soy isoflavones, affects cardiovascular risk markers in postmenopausal women dealing with metabolic syndrome. We recruited 60 women and divided them into two groups: one received the supplement, while the other got a placebo for six months.
During this period, we looked at various health indicators such as glucose levels, triglycerides, and specific proteins associated with inflammation and bone health. By the six-month mark, we observed meaningful improvements in glucose, triglycerides, visfatin, resistin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone-ALP) for those taking the supplement compared to the placebo group.
However, levels of HDL cholesterol and adiponectin did not show any significant differences between the two groups. Overall, while the combination of ingredients in the supplement improved several biomarkers tied to metabolic syndrome, it’s challenging to pinpoint the specific contribution of myo-inositol alone due to the complexity of the formulation.
During this period, we looked at various health indicators such as glucose levels, triglycerides, and specific proteins associated with inflammation and bone health. By the six-month mark, we observed meaningful improvements in glucose, triglycerides, visfatin, resistin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone-ALP) for those taking the supplement compared to the placebo group.
However, levels of HDL cholesterol and adiponectin did not show any significant differences between the two groups. Overall, while the combination of ingredients in the supplement improved several biomarkers tied to metabolic syndrome, it’s challenging to pinpoint the specific contribution of myo-inositol alone due to the complexity of the formulation.
Read More
8
We conducted a six-month randomized placebo-controlled trial involving 155 postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome, specifically those at risk for breast cancer. Our goal was to see how the combination of inositol and alpha lipoic acid impacts insulin resistance and other metabolic features related to menopause.
Participants were assigned to either a treatment group, taking inositol and alpha lipoic acid, or a placebo group. They all followed a low-calorie diet. We focused on primary outcomes such as reducing the HOMA-IR index and lowering triglyceride levels, as well as secondary outcomes like improving HDL cholesterol and reducing body measurements.
The results showed that this combination can significantly improve insulin sensitivity and help with metabolic syndrome symptoms. Given that metabolic syndrome is a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer, this suggests that incorporating inositol and alpha lipoic acid could be beneficial for those looking to improve their health during menopause.
Participants were assigned to either a treatment group, taking inositol and alpha lipoic acid, or a placebo group. They all followed a low-calorie diet. We focused on primary outcomes such as reducing the HOMA-IR index and lowering triglyceride levels, as well as secondary outcomes like improving HDL cholesterol and reducing body measurements.
The results showed that this combination can significantly improve insulin sensitivity and help with metabolic syndrome symptoms. Given that metabolic syndrome is a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer, this suggests that incorporating inositol and alpha lipoic acid could be beneficial for those looking to improve their health during menopause.
Read More
7
We investigated whether small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from human palatine tonsil mesenchymal stem cells could boost myo-inositol levels in the context of menopause. This was particularly interesting given that menopausal women are prone to chronic inflammation due to physiological changes and related issues like metabolic syndrome.
To explore this, we treated mice with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to simulate inflammation and assessed how the inclusion of T-MSC sEVs influenced myo-inositol production. After treatment, we measured levels of proteins involved in inositol synthesis in skeletal muscle and checked the serum for inositol levels.
Our findings are encouraging and suggest that T-MSC sEVs might help mitigate some effects of chronic inflammation linked to menopause. By supporting skeletal muscle mass and maintaining myo-inositol levels, these sEVs could be an effective strategy for improving metabolic health in menopausal women. This study sheds light on a potential new approach to tackle metabolic disturbances during this life stage.
To explore this, we treated mice with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to simulate inflammation and assessed how the inclusion of T-MSC sEVs influenced myo-inositol production. After treatment, we measured levels of proteins involved in inositol synthesis in skeletal muscle and checked the serum for inositol levels.
Our findings are encouraging and suggest that T-MSC sEVs might help mitigate some effects of chronic inflammation linked to menopause. By supporting skeletal muscle mass and maintaining myo-inositol levels, these sEVs could be an effective strategy for improving metabolic health in menopausal women. This study sheds light on a potential new approach to tackle metabolic disturbances during this life stage.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 17 Reviews
8.3
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Improved sleep quality
5 people found this helpful
I began taking this due to sleep issues during menopause that left me feeling unmotivated. Taking one tablet each morning made my head feel clearer, and my motivation returned. My sleep disturbances have improved significantly; I now wake up less during the night and feel refreshed in the morning. Daytime frustrations have also decreased. I will continue using this supplement.
Read More
9
Reduced anxiety
3 people found this helpful
Where do I begin? Theanine is an effective supplement for stress and anxiety, helping to quiet my racing thoughts at bedtime without causing drowsiness. I now find it easier to relax and fall asleep. During PMS, I take one cap on an empty stomach, which alleviates irritability linked to menopause. It’s safe, and I’ve recommended it to friends experiencing similar issues.
Read More
10
Effective sleep aid
2 people found this helpful
A friend recommended this supplement to address sleep disturbances during menopause. It has proved very effective for me as well. I take two capsules an hour before bed, along with 100mg of 5-HTP, to ensure I fall asleep and stay asleep until morning. I’m extremely pleased with the results; those suffering from sleep issues will understand my satisfaction.
Read More
9
Calmness achieved
1 people found this helpful
I’m in peri-menopause and experience mood swings and severe anxiety. L-theanine helps calm me without causing drowsiness. I take two a day, ensuring to take them on an empty stomach, either half an hour before breakfast or two hours after dinner.
Read More
9
Improved insomnia
This works wonderfully for sleep! I'm now taking it nightly alongside magnesium threonate and other supplements, significantly alleviating my menopause-induced insomnia.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
7.5
Heart calmness
1 people found this helpful
I take one tablet 30 minutes before bedtime to manage heart palpitations related to menopause. After using it for a while, I've noticed a reduction in palpitations and irritability. I now use it sparingly as a safety net when symptoms arise, and I appreciate its easy-to-swallow form.
6
Deeper sleep
I was frustrated during menopause, so I decided to try this as recommended. Initially, I noticed little change, but over time my sleep quality deepened significantly. I've experienced fewer night interruptions and reduced daytime fatigue, although frustration may linger until my children are older.
6
Relaxation support
1 people found this helpful
A good product that relaxes me. I've been taking one pill daily for about three months, and it has helped with menopause symptoms. The packaging is convenient, and it provides good energy.
7.5
Promotes sleep
1 people found this helpful
This supplement has helped me relax before bedtime, especially around my period when I struggled to fall asleep. I take it with melatonin about an hour before bed. Sleep quality has improved overall, and I wake up feeling refreshed, with fewer instances of waking at night, although night sweats persist.
9
Improved sleep quality
5 people found this helpful
I began taking this due to sleep issues during menopause that left me feeling unmotivated. Taking one tablet each morning made my head feel clearer, and my motivation returned. My sleep disturbances have improved significantly; I now wake up less during the night and feel refreshed in the morning. Daytime frustrations have also decreased. I will continue using this supplement.
9
Reduced anxiety
3 people found this helpful
Where do I begin? Theanine is an effective supplement for stress and anxiety, helping to quiet my racing thoughts at bedtime without causing drowsiness. I now find it easier to relax and fall asleep. During PMS, I take one cap on an empty stomach, which alleviates irritability linked to menopause. It’s safe, and I’ve recommended it to friends experiencing similar issues.
9
Calmness achieved
1 people found this helpful
I’m in peri-menopause and experience mood swings and severe anxiety. L-theanine helps calm me without causing drowsiness. I take two a day, ensuring to take them on an empty stomach, either half an hour before breakfast or two hours after dinner.
10
Effective sleep aid
2 people found this helpful
A friend recommended this supplement to address sleep disturbances during menopause. It has proved very effective for me as well. I take two capsules an hour before bed, along with 100mg of 5-HTP, to ensure I fall asleep and stay asleep until morning. I’m extremely pleased with the results; those suffering from sleep issues will understand my satisfaction.
9
Improved insomnia
This works wonderfully for sleep! I'm now taking it nightly alongside magnesium threonate and other supplements, significantly alleviating my menopause-induced insomnia.
7.5
Reduces anxiety
1 people found this helpful
Since mid-February, I've found L-theanine very helpful in calming me down during menopause and believe it has improved my sleep. My pharmacist suggested this dosage along with other menopause treatments.
9
Myo-inositol improves menopausal symptoms
We undertook a retrospective clinical study examining how myo-inositol, along with cocoa polyphenols and soy isoflavones, influences menopausal symptoms in women with metabolic syndrome. Analyzing data from 200 menopausal women, we focused on the effects of a daily supplement over a period of six months.
Our findings indicated significant improvements in both vasomotor symptoms, like hot flushes, and overall metabolic health. For instance, the number of women experiencing frequent hot flushes reduced dramatically, with more women reporting only a few flushes after supplementation. Additionally, we noted a decrease in moderate depression symptoms among participants.
On the metabolic side, women showed improvements in body mass index and waist circumference, paralleling a reduction in the percentage of those categorized as overweight or obese. We also observed a reduction in the number of participants suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetes, suggesting a positive impact of the supplement on metabolic health.
These encouraging results point to the potential benefits of myo-inositol and its accompanying compounds for managing menopausal symptoms and metabolic issues. However, we recognize the need for further controlled clinical trials to fully understand the effectiveness of these natural supplements.
Our findings indicated significant improvements in both vasomotor symptoms, like hot flushes, and overall metabolic health. For instance, the number of women experiencing frequent hot flushes reduced dramatically, with more women reporting only a few flushes after supplementation. Additionally, we noted a decrease in moderate depression symptoms among participants.
On the metabolic side, women showed improvements in body mass index and waist circumference, paralleling a reduction in the percentage of those categorized as overweight or obese. We also observed a reduction in the number of participants suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetes, suggesting a positive impact of the supplement on metabolic health.
These encouraging results point to the potential benefits of myo-inositol and its accompanying compounds for managing menopausal symptoms and metabolic issues. However, we recognize the need for further controlled clinical trials to fully understand the effectiveness of these natural supplements.
7
We conducted a study to explore how myo-inositol interacts with metformin in postmenopausal women who have prediabetes. Our research included two groups of women: one group taking myo-inositol and the other not.
Both groups were treated with metformin for six months to see how these treatments would affect different hormone levels, particularly gonadotropins, which are crucial for reproductive health. We found that the women taking myo-inositol experienced a stronger decrease in certain hormone levels compared to those who didn't.
While the results suggest that myo-inositol may enhance the effects of metformin, it's important to note that our study involved a small group of participants. This limits our ability to draw broader conclusions, especially about how this combination might work in premenopausal women.
Overall, the insights gained could be beneficial for postmenopausal women considering treatment options for hormone regulation associated with menopause.
Both groups were treated with metformin for six months to see how these treatments would affect different hormone levels, particularly gonadotropins, which are crucial for reproductive health. We found that the women taking myo-inositol experienced a stronger decrease in certain hormone levels compared to those who didn't.
While the results suggest that myo-inositol may enhance the effects of metformin, it's important to note that our study involved a small group of participants. This limits our ability to draw broader conclusions, especially about how this combination might work in premenopausal women.
Overall, the insights gained could be beneficial for postmenopausal women considering treatment options for hormone regulation associated with menopause.
7
We enrolled eighty postmenopausal women suffering from metabolic syndrome to explore the effects of myo-inositol on various health parameters over a twelve-month period. All participants followed a low-energy diet and were randomly assigned to receive either 2 grams of myo-inositol twice daily or a placebo. Throughout the study, we monitored several health indicators, including blood glucose, insulin levels, and cholesterol.
After twelve months, we observed significant improvements in nearly all parameters for those taking myo-inositol, with only body mass index and waist circumference not showing notable changes. Encouragingly, 20% of the women in the myo-inositol group no longer met the criteria for metabolic syndrome by the end of the study, compared to just one woman in the placebo group.
While this study focused on metabolic syndrome rather than menopause symptoms, the findings suggest that myo-inositol may help enhance insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. However, we did not specifically investigate the direct effects on menopause symptoms, making it challenging to draw conclusions about its overall impact in this area.
After twelve months, we observed significant improvements in nearly all parameters for those taking myo-inositol, with only body mass index and waist circumference not showing notable changes. Encouragingly, 20% of the women in the myo-inositol group no longer met the criteria for metabolic syndrome by the end of the study, compared to just one woman in the placebo group.
While this study focused on metabolic syndrome rather than menopause symptoms, the findings suggest that myo-inositol may help enhance insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. However, we did not specifically investigate the direct effects on menopause symptoms, making it challenging to draw conclusions about its overall impact in this area.
References
- Cho KA, Kim YH, Woo SY, Ryu KH. Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) Restore Myo-Inositol Production in LPS-Treated Skeletal Muscle. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2025. doi:10.1007/s13770-025-00709-w
- Mainini G, Ercolano S, De Simone R, Iavarone I, Lizza R, et al. Dietary Supplementation of Myo-Inositol, Cocoa Polyphenols, and Soy Isoflavones Improves Vasomotor Symptoms and Metabolic Profile in Menopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome: A Retrospective Clinical Study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024;60. doi:10.3390/medicina60040598
- Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Okopień B. Myo-Inositol Enhances the Inhibitory Effect of Metformin on Gonadotropin Levels in Postmenopausal Women. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2022;87:373. doi:10.1159/000527365
- D'Anna R, Santamaria A, Giorgianni G, Vaiarelli A, Gullo G, et al. Myo-inositol and melatonin in the menopausal transition. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2017;33:279. doi:10.1080/09513590.2016.1254613
- D'Anna R, Santamaria A, Cannata ML, Interdonato ML, Giorgianni GM, et al. Effects of a new flavonoid and Myo-inositol supplement on some biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women: a randomized trial. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:653561. doi:10.1155/2014/653561
- Parazzini F. Resveratrol, inositol, vitamin D and K in the prevention of cardiovascular and osteoporotic risk: a novel approach in peri- and postmenopause. Minerva Ginecol. 2014;66:513.
- Capasso I, Esposito E, Maurea N, Montella M, Crispo A, et al. Combination of inositol and alpha lipoic acid in metabolic syndrome-affected women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Trials. 2013;14:273. doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-273
- Santamaria A, Giordano D, Corrado F, Pintaudi B, Interdonato ML, et al. One-year effects of myo-inositol supplementation in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Climacteric. 2012;15:490. doi:10.3109/13697137.2011.631063
- Giordano D, Corrado F, Santamaria A, Quattrone S, Pintaudi B, et al. Effects of myo-inositol supplementation in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome: a perspective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Menopause. 2011;18:102. doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3181e8e1b1
