Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 21 Researches
7.6
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 5 Reviews
8.2
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 3 Tablets
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin D-3 (as Cholecalciferol)
25 mcg (1,000 IU)
125%
Calcium (from Aquamin® TG Seaweed Derived Minerals and Calcium Citrate)
400 mg
31%
Magnesium (from Magnesium Oxide, Magnesium Glycinate, Magnesium Taurinate, Magnesium Citrate and Aquamin® TG Seaweed Derived Minerals)
800 mg
190%
Zinc (from L-OptiZinc® Monomethionine)
15 mg
136%
Top Medical Research Studies
9
Our investigation aimed to understand how zinc affects muscle atrophy in diabetes, a serious complication that leads to muscle loss. Using diabetes-induced mice, we treated them with zinc sulfate for six weeks and observed notable improvements in their muscle condition.
We conducted various analyses to evaluate the impact of zinc on autophagy—the process that helps manage muscle mass. The results were promising; zinc appeared to enhance muscle recovery by regulating specific molecular pathways connected to muscle health.
Additionally, our in vitro studies with diabetic muscle cells revealed similar results, with zinc supplementation proving beneficial in reducing excessive autophagy. Overall, this suggests that incorporating zinc into treatment plans could be a promising approach to counteract muscle deterioration in diabetic patients.
We conducted various analyses to evaluate the impact of zinc on autophagy—the process that helps manage muscle mass. The results were promising; zinc appeared to enhance muscle recovery by regulating specific molecular pathways connected to muscle health.
Additionally, our in vitro studies with diabetic muscle cells revealed similar results, with zinc supplementation proving beneficial in reducing excessive autophagy. Overall, this suggests that incorporating zinc into treatment plans could be a promising approach to counteract muscle deterioration in diabetic patients.
8
Magnesium intake benefits diabetes patients
We investigated the link between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of heart disease and death in over 149,000 individuals, including those with type 2 diabetes. Through careful analysis over a median of 12 years, we found that higher magnesium intake was associated with significantly lower risks of heart disease and mortality in individuals with diabetes.
However, this benefit wasn't seen in those without diabetes. Our findings highlight the potential for magnesium to play a crucial role in health management for people living with type 2 diabetes, signaling the need for tailored dietary guidance.
However, this benefit wasn't seen in those without diabetes. Our findings highlight the potential for magnesium to play a crucial role in health management for people living with type 2 diabetes, signaling the need for tailored dietary guidance.
9
We explored the effectiveness of a chondroitin sulfate sponge designed for managing diabetic wounds. This sponge was created to slowly release magnesium and copper ions, aiming to reduce inflammation and speed up healing.
Our findings showed that this innovative sponge significantly enhanced wound healing by accelerating collagen production and new blood vessel formation.
With an impressive absorption capacity, this sponge provides a promising, advanced method for overcoming the challenges of diabetic wound management and has important clinical implications.
Our findings showed that this innovative sponge significantly enhanced wound healing by accelerating collagen production and new blood vessel formation.
With an impressive absorption capacity, this sponge provides a promising, advanced method for overcoming the challenges of diabetic wound management and has important clinical implications.
Most Useful Reviews
9
Normalises blood sugar
I regularly purchase these vitamins for my son, who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Following our endocrinologist’s advice, these supplements help normalise bodily functions, reduce blood sugar levels, enhance limb sensitivity, and improve overall alertness.
7.5
Essential for diabetes
Magnesium lowers blood sugar levels, positively affecting health in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Nearly everyone faces magnesium deficiency, which should not be overlooked! Meanwhile, calcium is a key component of bone tissue and essential for normal muscle contractions, including those of the heart.
7.5
Improves diabetes health
52 people found this helpful
Magnesium and calcium are vital! Magnesium acts as a powerful anti-stress mineral, soothing and relaxing the body while lowering muscle tension. It relaxes arteries, subsequently reducing blood pressure and easing the heart's workload. Magnesium can help lower blood sugar levels, enhancing health in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Unfortunately, many people are deficient in magnesium. Additionally, calcium is crucial for bone health and the proper conduction of nerve impulses, affecting muscle contractions, including that of the heart. A deficiency in calcium can lead to serious issues with the cardiovascular system and bones. If you appreciate this, please let me know!
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 21 Researches
7.6
- All Researches
9
We explored the effectiveness of a chondroitin sulfate sponge designed for managing diabetic wounds. This sponge was created to slowly release magnesium and copper ions, aiming to reduce inflammation and speed up healing.
Our findings showed that this innovative sponge significantly enhanced wound healing by accelerating collagen production and new blood vessel formation.
With an impressive absorption capacity, this sponge provides a promising, advanced method for overcoming the challenges of diabetic wound management and has important clinical implications.
Our findings showed that this innovative sponge significantly enhanced wound healing by accelerating collagen production and new blood vessel formation.
With an impressive absorption capacity, this sponge provides a promising, advanced method for overcoming the challenges of diabetic wound management and has important clinical implications.
9
Our investigation aimed to understand how zinc affects muscle atrophy in diabetes, a serious complication that leads to muscle loss. Using diabetes-induced mice, we treated them with zinc sulfate for six weeks and observed notable improvements in their muscle condition.
We conducted various analyses to evaluate the impact of zinc on autophagy—the process that helps manage muscle mass. The results were promising; zinc appeared to enhance muscle recovery by regulating specific molecular pathways connected to muscle health.
Additionally, our in vitro studies with diabetic muscle cells revealed similar results, with zinc supplementation proving beneficial in reducing excessive autophagy. Overall, this suggests that incorporating zinc into treatment plans could be a promising approach to counteract muscle deterioration in diabetic patients.
We conducted various analyses to evaluate the impact of zinc on autophagy—the process that helps manage muscle mass. The results were promising; zinc appeared to enhance muscle recovery by regulating specific molecular pathways connected to muscle health.
Additionally, our in vitro studies with diabetic muscle cells revealed similar results, with zinc supplementation proving beneficial in reducing excessive autophagy. Overall, this suggests that incorporating zinc into treatment plans could be a promising approach to counteract muscle deterioration in diabetic patients.
9
We aimed to understand how zinc interacts with diabetes treatment through the lens of bee venom and zinc oxide nanoparticles. By creating a nanofilm using these components, we observed targeted therapeutic effects that may help manage diabetes effectively.
The combination of zinc oxide nanoparticles with bee venom significantly enhanced its ability to inhibit enzymes related to carbohydrate digestion, specifically α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Our findings indicated that the nanofilm achieved better results than bee venom alone, with lower inhibitory concentration values, showcasing its potential as an effective antidiabetic agent.
Furthermore, the nanofilm also demonstrated higher anti-inflammatory activity, offering an expansive view of the therapeutic benefits associated with this combination. While it’s important to note that zinc was just one element of the treatment, our research underscores its significance within this enhanced formulation aimed at combatting diabetes.
The combination of zinc oxide nanoparticles with bee venom significantly enhanced its ability to inhibit enzymes related to carbohydrate digestion, specifically α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Our findings indicated that the nanofilm achieved better results than bee venom alone, with lower inhibitory concentration values, showcasing its potential as an effective antidiabetic agent.
Furthermore, the nanofilm also demonstrated higher anti-inflammatory activity, offering an expansive view of the therapeutic benefits associated with this combination. While it’s important to note that zinc was just one element of the treatment, our research underscores its significance within this enhanced formulation aimed at combatting diabetes.
8
We looked into how magnesium levels relate to diabetes, specifically focusing on adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Conducted as a cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 294 individuals, including T2DM patients, prediabetics, and nondiabetic controls. Our goal was to uncover the prevalence of magnesium deficiency and its potential effects on various metabolic factors.
The findings revealed a striking difference in magnesium levels across the groups. T2DM patients exhibited notably lower magnesium than those with prediabetes and nondiabetic controls. This deficiency was linked to worse metabolic outcomes, including higher fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, as well as increased insulin resistance.
We noted a strong negative correlation between magnesium levels and both glucose and HbA1c, suggesting that as magnesium levels decrease, diabetes control worsens. Interestingly, our analysis indicated that magnesium levels could effectively predict higher HbA1c values, highlighting the need for regular monitoring of magnesium in diabetes management.
While our study emphasizes the significant impact of magnesium deficiency on the metabolic health of T2DM patients, it also opens the door for further exploration regarding the benefits of magnesium supplementation in diabetes care. Overall, these insights push us to consider the broader implications of maintaining proper magnesium levels for better diabetes management.
The findings revealed a striking difference in magnesium levels across the groups. T2DM patients exhibited notably lower magnesium than those with prediabetes and nondiabetic controls. This deficiency was linked to worse metabolic outcomes, including higher fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, as well as increased insulin resistance.
We noted a strong negative correlation between magnesium levels and both glucose and HbA1c, suggesting that as magnesium levels decrease, diabetes control worsens. Interestingly, our analysis indicated that magnesium levels could effectively predict higher HbA1c values, highlighting the need for regular monitoring of magnesium in diabetes management.
While our study emphasizes the significant impact of magnesium deficiency on the metabolic health of T2DM patients, it also opens the door for further exploration regarding the benefits of magnesium supplementation in diabetes care. Overall, these insights push us to consider the broader implications of maintaining proper magnesium levels for better diabetes management.
8
Magnesium improves diabetic gastric function
We investigated how magnesium affects diabetes, particularly focusing on its role in gastrointestinal function. In our study, we observed the effects of magnesium supplements in combination with insulin treatment on type 2 diabetic rats. The experiment involved four groups of male Wistar rats, including a control group, a group with diabetes, and two groups receiving magnesium and insulin treatment, respectively.
Our findings showed that in diabetic rats, the levels of certain receptors in the stomach, specifically GABA-A, GABA-B, and NMDA, were significantly altered. Magnesium treatment alone was particularly effective, as it improved both nitric oxide synthase, which is involved in stomach function, and GABA receptor levels, bringing them back towards normal. Meanwhile, insulin treatment showed some positive effects but did not significantly change the NMDA receptor levels.
Overall, our results indicate that magnesium may play a crucial role in enhancing gastric function and could help alleviate gastrointestinal issues often seen in diabetes. While insulin treatment also had benefits, magnesium's effects appeared more pronounced in restoring receptor functions in diabetic rats.
Our findings showed that in diabetic rats, the levels of certain receptors in the stomach, specifically GABA-A, GABA-B, and NMDA, were significantly altered. Magnesium treatment alone was particularly effective, as it improved both nitric oxide synthase, which is involved in stomach function, and GABA receptor levels, bringing them back towards normal. Meanwhile, insulin treatment showed some positive effects but did not significantly change the NMDA receptor levels.
Overall, our results indicate that magnesium may play a crucial role in enhancing gastric function and could help alleviate gastrointestinal issues often seen in diabetes. While insulin treatment also had benefits, magnesium's effects appeared more pronounced in restoring receptor functions in diabetic rats.
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 5 Reviews
8.2
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Normalises blood sugar
I regularly purchase these vitamins for my son, who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Following our endocrinologist’s advice, these supplements help normalise bodily functions, reduce blood sugar levels, enhance limb sensitivity, and improve overall alertness.
7.5
Essential for diabetes
Magnesium lowers blood sugar levels, positively affecting health in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Nearly everyone faces magnesium deficiency, which should not be overlooked! Meanwhile, calcium is a key component of bone tissue and essential for normal muscle contractions, including those of the heart.
7.5
Improves diabetes health
52 people found this helpful
Magnesium and calcium are vital! Magnesium acts as a powerful anti-stress mineral, soothing and relaxing the body while lowering muscle tension. It relaxes arteries, subsequently reducing blood pressure and easing the heart's workload. Magnesium can help lower blood sugar levels, enhancing health in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Unfortunately, many people are deficient in magnesium. Additionally, calcium is crucial for bone health and the proper conduction of nerve impulses, affecting muscle contractions, including that of the heart. A deficiency in calcium can lead to serious issues with the cardiovascular system and bones. If you appreciate this, please let me know!
7.5
Supports diabetes management
Magnesium is an excellent anti-stress mineral that soothes and reduces muscle tension while promoting arterial relaxation, lowering blood pressure and aiding the heart. It lowers blood sugar levels, which contributes positively to health in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Many people lack adequate magnesium. Calcium, meanwhile, is essential for bone tissue, nerve function, and muscle contractions. A deficiency in calcium can lead to cardiovascular problems and skeletal issues.
7.5
Regulates glucose levels
This product supports immune function, antibody production, and stabilises blood pressure and heart rate. It helps regulate the nervous system, reducing stress while playing a crucial role in managing blood glucose levels and lowering complications in diabetes. Magnesium is essential for calcium absorption, protein synthesis, and metabolic processes, and also has a relaxing effect on respiratory vessels.
Frequently Asked Questions
9
Normalises blood sugar
I regularly purchase these vitamins for my son, who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Following our endocrinologist’s advice, these supplements help normalise bodily functions, reduce blood sugar levels, enhance limb sensitivity, and improve overall alertness.
7.5
Essential for diabetes
Magnesium lowers blood sugar levels, positively affecting health in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Nearly everyone faces magnesium deficiency, which should not be overlooked! Meanwhile, calcium is a key component of bone tissue and essential for normal muscle contractions, including those of the heart.
7.5
Improves diabetes health
52 people found this helpful
Magnesium and calcium are vital! Magnesium acts as a powerful anti-stress mineral, soothing and relaxing the body while lowering muscle tension. It relaxes arteries, subsequently reducing blood pressure and easing the heart's workload. Magnesium can help lower blood sugar levels, enhancing health in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Unfortunately, many people are deficient in magnesium. Additionally, calcium is crucial for bone health and the proper conduction of nerve impulses, affecting muscle contractions, including that of the heart. A deficiency in calcium can lead to serious issues with the cardiovascular system and bones. If you appreciate this, please let me know!
7.5
Regulates glucose levels
This product supports immune function, antibody production, and stabilises blood pressure and heart rate. It helps regulate the nervous system, reducing stress while playing a crucial role in managing blood glucose levels and lowering complications in diabetes. Magnesium is essential for calcium absorption, protein synthesis, and metabolic processes, and also has a relaxing effect on respiratory vessels.
7.5
Supports diabetes management
Magnesium is an excellent anti-stress mineral that soothes and reduces muscle tension while promoting arterial relaxation, lowering blood pressure and aiding the heart. It lowers blood sugar levels, which contributes positively to health in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Many people lack adequate magnesium. Calcium, meanwhile, is essential for bone tissue, nerve function, and muscle contractions. A deficiency in calcium can lead to cardiovascular problems and skeletal issues.
8
We looked into how magnesium levels relate to diabetes, specifically focusing on adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Conducted as a cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 294 individuals, including T2DM patients, prediabetics, and nondiabetic controls. Our goal was to uncover the prevalence of magnesium deficiency and its potential effects on various metabolic factors.
The findings revealed a striking difference in magnesium levels across the groups. T2DM patients exhibited notably lower magnesium than those with prediabetes and nondiabetic controls. This deficiency was linked to worse metabolic outcomes, including higher fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, as well as increased insulin resistance.
We noted a strong negative correlation between magnesium levels and both glucose and HbA1c, suggesting that as magnesium levels decrease, diabetes control worsens. Interestingly, our analysis indicated that magnesium levels could effectively predict higher HbA1c values, highlighting the need for regular monitoring of magnesium in diabetes management.
While our study emphasizes the significant impact of magnesium deficiency on the metabolic health of T2DM patients, it also opens the door for further exploration regarding the benefits of magnesium supplementation in diabetes care. Overall, these insights push us to consider the broader implications of maintaining proper magnesium levels for better diabetes management.
The findings revealed a striking difference in magnesium levels across the groups. T2DM patients exhibited notably lower magnesium than those with prediabetes and nondiabetic controls. This deficiency was linked to worse metabolic outcomes, including higher fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, as well as increased insulin resistance.
We noted a strong negative correlation between magnesium levels and both glucose and HbA1c, suggesting that as magnesium levels decrease, diabetes control worsens. Interestingly, our analysis indicated that magnesium levels could effectively predict higher HbA1c values, highlighting the need for regular monitoring of magnesium in diabetes management.
While our study emphasizes the significant impact of magnesium deficiency on the metabolic health of T2DM patients, it also opens the door for further exploration regarding the benefits of magnesium supplementation in diabetes care. Overall, these insights push us to consider the broader implications of maintaining proper magnesium levels for better diabetes management.
7
Magnesium's potential in diabetes
We looked into how magnesium (Mg) could potentially influence lipid profiles in individuals living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In our study, thirty participants followed a three-month dietary intervention that emphasized the incorporation of magnesium-rich foods into their diet. This initiative was part of a broader effort to enhance their overall health.
Our findings showed a noteworthy trend: as magnesium intake increased, cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, tended to decrease. This suggests that magnesium could play a beneficial role in managing lipid levels for those with T2DM. Not only can increasing magnesium be a simple dietary change, but our approach also highlights the importance of nutritional education.
We believe that educating patients on the benefits of magnesium can be an effective, low-cost strategy to improve health and wellness. Our results encourage further research with larger groups to explore how sustainable dietary magnesium interventions can impact life with diabetes over the long term.
Our findings showed a noteworthy trend: as magnesium intake increased, cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, tended to decrease. This suggests that magnesium could play a beneficial role in managing lipid levels for those with T2DM. Not only can increasing magnesium be a simple dietary change, but our approach also highlights the importance of nutritional education.
We believe that educating patients on the benefits of magnesium can be an effective, low-cost strategy to improve health and wellness. Our results encourage further research with larger groups to explore how sustainable dietary magnesium interventions can impact life with diabetes over the long term.
7
We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 320 diabetic patients to explore how magnesium and potassium supplementation could improve sleep issues like insomnia. After two months, we found that those receiving magnesium, potassium, or a combination of both showed significant improvements in sleep hormone levels and reduced insomnia severity.
Notably, improvements in cortisol and melatonin levels mirrored enhancements in sleep duration and quality. This suggests that these supplements may play a helpful role in promoting better sleep among individuals with diabetes.
Notably, improvements in cortisol and melatonin levels mirrored enhancements in sleep duration and quality. This suggests that these supplements may play a helpful role in promoting better sleep among individuals with diabetes.
References
- Kang H, Lee UJ, Park BY, Kim M, Yang M. Effects of deep ocean-derived magnesium-enhanced water on metabolic diseases with microbiome changes. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2025;19:103203. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103203
- Smithiseth K, Leurcharusmee P, Sawaddiruk P, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. Unraveling the link between magnesium and diabetic neuropathy: Evidence from in vitro to clinical studies. Nutr Res. 2025;135:13. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.005
- Al-Daghri NM, Yakout SM, Hussain SD, Alnaami AM, Veronese N, et al. Hypomagnesemia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025;104:e41253. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000041253
- Dobrovolska L, Boyarchuk O. Magnesium intake and serum magnesium concentration in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: association with glycemic control and clinical symptoms. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1477814. doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1477814
- Albajri E, Almasaudi AS, Mosli HH, Hakim NA, Basaqr RO, et al. Assessing the impact of magnesium-based nutritional education on lipid profiles in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a quasi-experimental study. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025;17:3. doi:10.1186/s13098-024-01566-8
- Saberi H, Mehranfard N, Rezazadeh H, Ghasemi M. Involvement of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors in Diabetic Gastropathy in Rats: Possible Beneficial Effect of Prolonged Treatment with Insulin and Magnesium Supplement. Arch Razi Inst. 2024;79:601. doi:10.32592/ARI.2024.79.3.601
- Atteia HH, Ahmed SF, Askar ME, Sakr AT. Utilizing a Combination of Supplements Comprising Boric Acid, Magnesium, Vitamin D3, and Extra Virgin Olive Oil to Improve Metabolism in Menopausal Ovariectomized Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024. doi:10.1007/s12011-024-04476-y
- Toaima DN, Abdel-Maksoud KS, Atef HM, Salah NY. Magnesium, fibrinolysis and clotting interplay among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus; potential mediators of diabetic microangiopathy. Nutr Diabetes. 2025;15:13. doi:10.1038/s41387-025-00368-9
- Cheng Y, Zullo AR, Yin Y, Shao Y, Liu S, et al. Nonprescription Magnesium Supplement Use and Risk of Heart Failure in Patients With Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e038870. doi:10.1161/JAHA.124.038870
- Zhu F, Wen Q, Hu Y, Gong J, Zhang X, et al. Chondroitin sulfate sponge scaffold for slow-release Mg/Cu in diabetic wound management: Hemostasis, effusion absorption, and healing. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;282:137561. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137561
- Khalid S, Bashir S, Mehboob R, Anwar T, Ali M, et al. Effects of magnesium and potassium supplementation on insomnia and sleep hormones in patients with diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1370733. doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1370733
- Cao X, Lin L, Wu M, Liu J, Zhong C, et al. Interaction between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Genetic Risk Score on the Risk of Gestational Diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2024;68:e2400589. doi:10.1002/mnfr.202400589
- Li T, Wen Q, Zhu F, Hu Y, Gong J, et al. A tranexamic acid-functionalized acellular dermal matrix sponge co-loaded with magnesium ions: Enhancing hemostasis, vascular regeneration, and re-epithelialization for comprehensive diabetic wound healing. Biomater Adv. 2025;167:214096. doi:10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.214096
- Khalid S, Mehboob R, Bokhari SS, Ali M, Shabbir A, et al. Comparative Efficacy of Magnesium and Potassium Towards Cholesterol and Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised Single-Blinded Controlled Clinical Trial. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2024;7:e511. doi:10.1002/edm2.511
- Alarcón-Moreno JC, Flores-Muñoz M, Blázquez-Morales MSL, García-Rivera ME, Rodríguez-Alba JC, et al. "The effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment plus zinc and magnesium supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidants enzymes in type 2 diabetes patients: a quasi-experimental study". BMC Oral Health. 2024;24:892. doi:10.1186/s12903-024-04688-7
- Chen Y, Weiqin E, Zhou J, He Z. Association between dietary magnesium intake and liver fibrosis among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES database. Magnes Res. 2024;37:33. doi:10.1684/mrh.2024.0527
- Chen L, Nie J, Song H, Fu L. Association between dietary magnesium intake and all-cause mortality among patients with diabetic retinopathy: a retrospective cohort study of the NHANES 1999-2018. Magnes Res. 2024;37:22. doi:10.1684/mrh.2024.0525
- Huang R, Kong X, Geng R, Wu J, Li J, et al. Associations of dietary magnesium intake with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and mortality in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes: A prospective study in the UK Biobank. Diabetes Metab. 2024;50:101554. doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2024.101554
- Rad MG, Sharifi M, Meamar R, Soltani N. Long term administration of thiamine disulfide improves FOXO1/PEPCK pathway in liver to reduce insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes rat model. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024;177:117053. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117053
- Yu X, Chen X, Wu W, Tang H, Su Y, et al. Zinc Alleviates Diabetic Muscle Atrophy via Modulation of the SIRT1/FoxO1 Autophagy Pathway Through GPR39. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2025;16:e13771. doi:10.1002/jcsm.13771
- Qanash H, Bazaid AS, Alharbi SF, Binsaleh NK, Barnawi H, et al. Therapeutic Effects of Nanocoating of Apitoxin (Bee Venom) and Polyvinyl Alcohol Supplemented with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics. 2025;17. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17020172
