N-3 PUFA Deficiency Aggravates Streptozotocin-Induced Pancreatic Injury in Mice but Dietary Supplementation with DHA/EPA Protects the Pancreas via Suppressing Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.
We investigated the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on pancreatic injury, particularly in the context of conditions that mimic pancreatitis. Our study began by creating a mouse model with a deficiency in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to evaluate how this lack impacts pancreatic function and injury.
The findings were quite striking. In the absence of n-3 PUFAs, the mice experienced significant pancreatic impairment, including reduced insulin levels and decreased health of pancreatic islets. However, when we introduced dietary EPA and DHA—both forms of n-3 PUFAs—prior to inflicting pancreatic damage, we observed remarkable protective effects. Specifically, the treatment with EPA led to notable increases in insulin production and improved overall islet function.
Additionally, our research highlighted that these protective effects of EPA may stem from its ability to modulate inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in pancreatic tissues. This suggests that dietary adjustments, especially increasing n-3 PUFAs like EPA, could be a beneficial strategy to support pancreatic health and combat injuries associated with conditions like pancreatitis.
Read More
9
DHA reduces pancreatitis damage
Algal Oil Mitigates Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Pancreatitis by Alleviating Calcium Overload, Oxidative Stress, and NF-κB Activation in Pancreatic Acinar Cells.
We explored the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) found in algal oil on pancreatitis, specifically looking at how it influences the health of pancreatic acinar cells. The study involved rat pancreatic acinar AR42J cells, which were pretreated with varying concentrations of DHA before being exposed to sodium taurocholate (STC), a compound that induces pancreatitis.
Our findings revealed that when these cells were treated with DHA before STC exposure, they experienced significant benefits. We observed a notable reduction in the harmful effects associated with pancreatitis, such as excessive intracellular calcium levels, oxidative stress, and the activation of inflammatory markers like tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. These factors are typically elevated during pancreatitis and can lead to further cell damage.
Moreover, cells that received higher doses of DHA showed improved mitochondrial function and less oxidative damage. This was evidenced by a healthier mitochondrial membrane potential and lower levels of lipid peroxidation compared to untreated cells. Importantly, DHA also appeared to dampen the activation of NF-κB, a key player in the inflammation process.
In summary, our study suggests that DHA from algal oil can help protect pancreatic acinar cells from damage and may offer a promising avenue for treating pancreatitis by addressing both calcium overload and oxidative stress.
Read More
9
DHA mitigates inflammation in PSCs
Docosahexaenoic Acid Inhibits Cytokine Expression by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species in Pancreatic Stellate Cells.
We explored how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can influence inflammation in pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which are key players in the progression of chronic pancreatitis. The study specifically looked at whether DHA could help suppress the expression of certain cytokines activated by inflammatory signals, such as TNF-α and viral mimic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)).
By pre-treating PSCs with either DHA or an antioxidant called N-acetylcysteine (NAC), we observed significant changes when the cells were stimulated with TNF-α or poly (I:C). Notably, we saw that DHA treatment reduced the production of molecules related to inflammation, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and chemokine C-X3-C motif ligand 1 (CX3CL1).
Additionally, DHA helped lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—chemicals that can cause cell damage and are often increased during inflammation. This reduction in ROS levels led to a decline in the activation of NF-κB, a protein that further drives inflammatory processes. Essentially, DHA acted as a protective barrier, helping to maintain mitochondrial stability and lessening the impact of inflammatory cytokines.
The findings suggest that consuming DHA-rich foods could be an effective strategy for potentially preventing or alleviating the effects of chronic pancreatitis by dampening inflammatory responses in PSCs.
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Most Useful Reviews
9
No exacerbations
Good omega, but should be taken with caution in pancreatitis. I took 1 capsule after meals and had no issues or exacerbations.
Read More
9
Weight loss
I’ve finished two cans and regret not starting sooner. With chronic pancreatitis, I can’t eat much fish, but this has helped me become more stress-resistant and shed about 4 kg. I will continue to order it and recommend it.
Read More
4
Improved condition
Good Omega-3! I trust this brand and have taken it several times. There’s no fish smell or taste. My son takes two capsules twice daily as advised by an endocrinologist and has seen improvements. I had some discomfort, but overall it was beneficial for him.
N-3 PUFA Deficiency Aggravates Streptozotocin-Induced Pancreatic Injury in Mice but Dietary Supplementation with DHA/EPA Protects the Pancreas via Suppressing Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.
We investigated the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on pancreatic injury, particularly in the context of conditions that mimic pancreatitis. Our study began by creating a mouse model with a deficiency in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to evaluate how this lack impacts pancreatic function and injury.
The findings were quite striking. In the absence of n-3 PUFAs, the mice experienced significant pancreatic impairment, including reduced insulin levels and decreased health of pancreatic islets. However, when we introduced dietary EPA and DHA—both forms of n-3 PUFAs—prior to inflicting pancreatic damage, we observed remarkable protective effects. Specifically, the treatment with EPA led to notable increases in insulin production and improved overall islet function.
Additionally, our research highlighted that these protective effects of EPA may stem from its ability to modulate inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in pancreatic tissues. This suggests that dietary adjustments, especially increasing n-3 PUFAs like EPA, could be a beneficial strategy to support pancreatic health and combat injuries associated with conditions like pancreatitis.
Read More
9
DHA reduces pancreatitis damage
Algal Oil Mitigates Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Pancreatitis by Alleviating Calcium Overload, Oxidative Stress, and NF-κB Activation in Pancreatic Acinar Cells.
We explored the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) found in algal oil on pancreatitis, specifically looking at how it influences the health of pancreatic acinar cells. The study involved rat pancreatic acinar AR42J cells, which were pretreated with varying concentrations of DHA before being exposed to sodium taurocholate (STC), a compound that induces pancreatitis.
Our findings revealed that when these cells were treated with DHA before STC exposure, they experienced significant benefits. We observed a notable reduction in the harmful effects associated with pancreatitis, such as excessive intracellular calcium levels, oxidative stress, and the activation of inflammatory markers like tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. These factors are typically elevated during pancreatitis and can lead to further cell damage.
Moreover, cells that received higher doses of DHA showed improved mitochondrial function and less oxidative damage. This was evidenced by a healthier mitochondrial membrane potential and lower levels of lipid peroxidation compared to untreated cells. Importantly, DHA also appeared to dampen the activation of NF-κB, a key player in the inflammation process.
In summary, our study suggests that DHA from algal oil can help protect pancreatic acinar cells from damage and may offer a promising avenue for treating pancreatitis by addressing both calcium overload and oxidative stress.
Read More
9
DHA mitigates inflammation in PSCs
Docosahexaenoic Acid Inhibits Cytokine Expression by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species in Pancreatic Stellate Cells.
We explored how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can influence inflammation in pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which are key players in the progression of chronic pancreatitis. The study specifically looked at whether DHA could help suppress the expression of certain cytokines activated by inflammatory signals, such as TNF-α and viral mimic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)).
By pre-treating PSCs with either DHA or an antioxidant called N-acetylcysteine (NAC), we observed significant changes when the cells were stimulated with TNF-α or poly (I:C). Notably, we saw that DHA treatment reduced the production of molecules related to inflammation, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and chemokine C-X3-C motif ligand 1 (CX3CL1).
Additionally, DHA helped lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—chemicals that can cause cell damage and are often increased during inflammation. This reduction in ROS levels led to a decline in the activation of NF-κB, a protein that further drives inflammatory processes. Essentially, DHA acted as a protective barrier, helping to maintain mitochondrial stability and lessening the impact of inflammatory cytokines.
The findings suggest that consuming DHA-rich foods could be an effective strategy for potentially preventing or alleviating the effects of chronic pancreatitis by dampening inflammatory responses in PSCs.
Read More
9
Protectin D1 alleviates pancreatitis
Protectin D1 decreases pancreatitis severity in mice by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
We investigated how protectin D1, a compound derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), affects pancreatitis, a condition marked by inflammation in the pancreas. Our research utilized three different models of acute pancreatitis in male mice, where we introduced the inflammatory condition using caerulein, L-arginine, and pancreatic duct ligation.
Through these models, we discovered that treatement with protectin D1 helped decrease the severity of the condition. Specifically, we observed reduced levels of key enzymes in the blood that are indicators of pancreatic damage, alongside lower concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, protectin D1 appeared to protect the pancreas from structural damage, potentially extending survival in more severe cases.
Notably, we found that the treatment decreased the early infiltration of harmful neutrophils and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which usually exacerbate inflammation. Furthermore, in laboratory settings, protectin D1 reduced markers associated with neutrophil activity. However, when we used a specific inhibitor to block the cells' activation, the protective benefits of protectin D1 were diminished, indicating its effectiveness may rely on a specific immune response.
Our findings suggest that protectin D1 from DHA could play an important role in managing acute pancreatitis, providing a potential therapeutic avenue to explore further.
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8
Eicosapentaenoic acid and pancreatitis
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia.
We observed that hypertriglyceridemia, a condition characterized by high triglyceride levels, can lead to serious health issues such as cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis. One of the treatments explored for lowering triglyceride levels is eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which is a type of omega-3 fatty acid.
A significant study showed that daily doses of 4 grams of EPA can effectively lower triglyceride levels in high-risk patients, potentially decreasing their chances of pancreatitis. However, though there is evidence of its effectiveness for triglyceride reduction, the research did not specifically isolate its direct impact on pancreatitis. Hence, while we recognize its role in managing triglycerides, the direct benefit of EPA on preventing or treating pancreatitis remains unclear.
Overall, lifestyle changes such as diet modification, weight management, and blood sugar control are crucial for addressing hypertriglyceridemia, and these should be the primary focus before considering specific drug treatments like EPA.
Good omega, but should be taken with caution in pancreatitis. I took 1 capsule after meals and had no issues or exacerbations.
Read More
9
Weight loss
I’ve finished two cans and regret not starting sooner. With chronic pancreatitis, I can’t eat much fish, but this has helped me become more stress-resistant and shed about 4 kg. I will continue to order it and recommend it.
Read More
4
Improved condition
Good Omega-3! I trust this brand and have taken it several times. There’s no fish smell or taste. My son takes two capsules twice daily as advised by an endocrinologist and has seen improvements. I had some discomfort, but overall it was beneficial for him.
Read More
4
No exacerbation
I’ve taken this omega before and like it. I consume it with food twice daily. My chronic gastritis hasn't worsened. However, those with gastrointestinal issues should consult their doctor before trying, as fish oil can exacerbate pancreatitis and gastritis.
Read More
0
Care needed
1 people found this helpful
After having two children, I felt weak, and my hair fell out. I tried omega, but it made me feel nauseous, particularly in the morning. It aggravated my pancreatitis, so I plan to continue but with caution—perhaps just one capsule a day.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas, an essential organ located behind the stomach that plays a key role in digestion and blood sugar regulation. This condition can occur in two forms: acute and chronic. Acute pancreatitis appears suddenly and can resolve itself within a short period, often resulting from factors such as gallstones, excessive alcohol consumption, or certain medications. Symptoms typically include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and a rapid pulse, necessitating prompt medical attention.
Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a long-lasting inflammation that can lead to permanent damage to the pancreas. This form is often the result of repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis or ongoing lifestyle factors like heavy alcohol use. Individuals with chronic pancreatitis may experience persistent abdominal pain, weight loss, and digestive issues due to the pancreas's reduced ability to function. Managing pancreatitis generally focuses on treating the underlying cause and may involve lifestyle changes, medication, or, in severe cases, surgical interventions. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for effective management and reducing complications associated with this condition.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
Based on user reviews, the timeline for seeing results from this supplement can vary significantly among individuals dealing with pancreatitis. Some users indicate noticeable benefits quite quickly; for instance, one user mentioned shedding around 4 kg and feeling more stress-resistant after finishing just two cans, suggesting potential results may be experienced within a few weeks of regular use Read Review. However, another user mentioned that they had to be cautious due to their condition, implying that taking one capsule a day might be a prudent approach to avoid exacerbating symptoms Read Review.
Users have highlighted the importance of dosage and individual tolerance. For example, one review emphasized that users should consult with healthcare providers beforehand since fish oil can sometimes worsen symptoms for those with gastrointestinal issues Read Review. Another user who took the supplement post-meals noted no issues, which demonstrates that timing may also play a role in how quickly benefits are perceived Read Review. Therefore, while some may see improvements within weeks, others may take longer or require adjustments to their intake.
The research surrounding eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its potential benefits for pancreatitis is somewhat promising, albeit with important caveats. A study detailed how EPA supplementation could protect pancreatic cells from damage in models of pancreatitis by modulating inflammation and oxidative stress [1]. This suggests that increasing dietary intake of EPA may be a beneficial strategy for pancreatic health. However, while some effects of EPA on lowering triglyceride levels and potentially reducing pancreatitis risk have been identified, isolated benefits for pancreatitis treatment remain inconclusive due to the complexities of treatment regimens [2].
For example, in instances of acute pancreatitis related to hypertriglyceridemia, EPA was included in treatment, but its specific efficacy was difficult to isolate from other therapies employed during treatment [4]. Additionally, other studies have indicated that while there are some favorable short-term outcomes associated with EPA when combined with dietary modifications, the long-term implications specifically for pancreatitis prevention are less clear [3]. Consequently, while there is emerging support for the role of EPA in managing pancreatic health, further focused research is needed to confirm its direct benefits in treating or preventing pancreatitis.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report significant improvements in their symptoms when using this omega-3 supplement, especially in the context of managing chronic pancreatitis. One user shared a transformative experience, noting that after finishing two cans, they felt more stress-resistant and were able to shed about 4 kg, highlighting that the supplement contributed positively to their health journey Read Review. Another reviewer mentioned seeing benefits for their son while adhering to an endocrinologist's advice, indicating noticeable improvements in their condition, although they experienced some initial discomfort Read Review.
However, it's essential to note that individual results can vary widely. For some users, the supplement has exacerbated their symptoms, particularly for those with specific gastrointestinal sensitivities. For instance, one user found that omega-3 made them feel nauseous and worsened their pancreatitis, leading them to adjust their intake to just one capsule a day Read Review. Overall, while several users report positive outcomes, it's advised that individuals consult healthcare professionals to tailor their dosage based on personal tolerance and existing health conditions.
Users report a mixed experience when combining this omega-3 supplement with other supplements while managing pancreatitis. Many users have noted positive effects, particularly when taken after meals. One user mentioned taking a single capsule after meals without experiencing any issues or exacerbations, suggesting that mindful timing can be beneficial Read Review. Another user, despite their chronic pancreatitis, underscored the supplement's role in enhancing their overall sense of well-being and promoting weight loss, reinforcing its potential benefits Read Review.
However, caution is strongly advised, as some reviewers experienced adverse reactions, particularly those with pre-existing gastrointestinal conditions. For instance, one user reported increased nausea and worsening of pancreatitis symptoms after trying the supplement, indicating that they would limit their intake to just one capsule a day Read Review. Additionally, others have highlighted the necessity to consult healthcare professionals before beginning supplementation, particularly for individuals with sensitive gastrointestinal systems Read Review. Overall, while there are both benefits and potential risks, personalized approaches are essential in determining the appropriate regimen.
Based on user reviews, it's evident that the right dosage of Omega 3 Fish Oil for treating pancreatitis can vary significantly depending on individual circumstances. Some users suggest starting with a lower dose, like one capsule after meals, to avoid exacerbating symptoms. For instance, one reviewer reported taking just one capsule after meals without facing any issues related to their pancreatitis Read Review.
Conversely, another user mentioned that their son takes two capsules twice daily as advised by a healthcare professional, resulting in noticeable improvements despite some initial discomfort Read Review. Importantly, users recommend consulting with a doctor before starting any Omega-3 regimen, especially for individuals with existing gastrointestinal issues, given that fish oil can sometimes aggravate conditions like pancreatitis Read Review. Overall, while several users found Omega 3 Fish Oil to be beneficial, careful consideration of the dosage and professional guidance is emphasized.
9
Weight loss
I’ve finished two cans and regret not starting sooner. With chronic pancreatitis, I can’t eat much fish, but this has helped me become more stress-resistant and shed about 4 kg. I will continue to order it and recommend it.
0
Care needed
1 people found this helpful
After having two children, I felt weak, and my hair fell out. I tried omega, but it made me feel nauseous, particularly in the morning. It aggravated my pancreatitis, so I plan to continue but with caution—perhaps just one capsule a day.
4
No exacerbation
I’ve taken this omega before and like it. I consume it with food twice daily. My chronic gastritis hasn't worsened. However, those with gastrointestinal issues should consult their doctor before trying, as fish oil can exacerbate pancreatitis and gastritis.
9
No exacerbations
Good omega, but should be taken with caution in pancreatitis. I took 1 capsule after meals and had no issues or exacerbations.
4
Improved condition
Good Omega-3! I trust this brand and have taken it several times. There’s no fish smell or taste. My son takes two capsules twice daily as advised by an endocrinologist and has seen improvements. I had some discomfort, but overall it was beneficial for him.
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids pancreatic health
N-3 PUFA Deficiency Aggravates Streptozotocin-Induced Pancreatic Injury in Mice but Dietary Supplementation with DHA/EPA Protects the Pancreas via Suppressing Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.
We investigated the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on pancreatic injury, particularly in the context of conditions that mimic pancreatitis. Our study began by creating a mouse model with a deficiency in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to evaluate how this lack impacts pancreatic function and injury.
The findings were quite striking. In the absence of n-3 PUFAs, the mice experienced significant pancreatic impairment, including reduced insulin levels and decreased health of pancreatic islets. However, when we introduced dietary EPA and DHA—both forms of n-3 PUFAs—prior to inflicting pancreatic damage, we observed remarkable protective effects. Specifically, the treatment with EPA led to notable increases in insulin production and improved overall islet function.
Additionally, our research highlighted that these protective effects of EPA may stem from its ability to modulate inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in pancreatic tissues. This suggests that dietary adjustments, especially increasing n-3 PUFAs like EPA, could be a beneficial strategy to support pancreatic health and combat injuries associated with conditions like pancreatitis.
4
Assessing EPA's effectiveness in pancreatitis
Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Acute Pancreatitis During Pregnancy: A Case Report.
We explored the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as part of a treatment regimen for a patient experiencing hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis during pregnancy. In this case, we learned that although EPA was included in the treatment alongside other medications, the isolated effect of this fatty acid on the patient's condition remains unclear due to its combination with multiple therapies.
The patient, a 28-year-old woman at 29 weeks of gestation, faced severe abdominal pain and was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Throughout the management, which included insulin and bowel rest, eicosapentaenoic acid was one of several treatments aimed at lowering triglyceride levels.
While EPA is known for potential benefits in managing triglyceride levels, the complexity of the treatment makes it challenging to determine its direct effectiveness in this patient's pancreatitis. Given the serious risks associated with this condition during pregnancy, each treatment's contribution to overall recovery is crucial; however, we cannot definitively conclude that EPA alone provided significant benefits.
This case highlights the complexities involved in treating pancreatitis, especially in pregnant patients, and the need for more focused studies to evaluate the specific roles of individual therapies like eicosapentaenoic acid.
8
Eicosapentaenoic acid and pancreatitis
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia.
We observed that hypertriglyceridemia, a condition characterized by high triglyceride levels, can lead to serious health issues such as cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis. One of the treatments explored for lowering triglyceride levels is eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which is a type of omega-3 fatty acid.
A significant study showed that daily doses of 4 grams of EPA can effectively lower triglyceride levels in high-risk patients, potentially decreasing their chances of pancreatitis. However, though there is evidence of its effectiveness for triglyceride reduction, the research did not specifically isolate its direct impact on pancreatitis. Hence, while we recognize its role in managing triglycerides, the direct benefit of EPA on preventing or treating pancreatitis remains unclear.
Overall, lifestyle changes such as diet modification, weight management, and blood sugar control are crucial for addressing hypertriglyceridemia, and these should be the primary focus before considering specific drug treatments like EPA.
5
Studying omega-3 fatty acids' effects
Omega-3 fatty acid exposure with a low-fat diet in patients with past hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis; an exploratory, randomized, open-label crossover study.
We conducted an exploratory study to understand how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, impacts individuals with a history of acute pancreatitis caused by severe hypertriglyceridemia. In this study, 15 participants were randomly assigned to take either omega-3 carboxylic acids (OM3-CA) or omega-3 ethyl esters (OM3-EE) for four weeks, all while following a low-fat diet.
During the study, we measured the levels of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the participants' blood after taking a dose with a low-fat meal. We found that there was a greater 24-hour exposure of OM3-CA compared to OM3-EE. However, despite this initial observation, the long-term effects showed that both treatments led to similar increases in fasting plasma levels of EPA and DHA, and the overall differences were not statistically significant.
This suggests that while we saw some benefits of OM3-CA in terms of short-term exposure, these did not translate into a meaningful advantage over time. Therefore, we cannot conclusively say that eicosapentaenoic acid offers significant benefits for preventing pancreatitis in patients with a history of high triglycerides.
References
Zou HY, Zhang HJ, Zhao YC, Li XY, Wang YM, et al. N-3 PUFA Deficiency Aggravates Streptozotocin-Induced Pancreatic Injury in Mice but Dietary Supplementation with DHA/EPA Protects the Pancreas via Suppressing Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Mar Drugs. 2023;21. doi:10.3390/md21010039
Keller D, Hardin EM, Nagula SV, Royek A. Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Acute Pancreatitis During Pregnancy: A Case Report. Cureus. 2022;14:e28273. doi:10.7759/cureus.28273
Dunbar RL, Gaudet D, Davidson M, Rensfeldt M, Yang H, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid exposure with a low-fat diet in patients with past hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis; an exploratory, randomized, open-label crossover study. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19:117. doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01295-7
Parhofer KG, Laufs U. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2019;116:825. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0825
Fang Y, Lin SY, Chen CH, Lo HC. Algal Oil Mitigates Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Pancreatitis by Alleviating Calcium Overload, Oxidative Stress, and NF-κB Activation in Pancreatic Acinar Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024;46:4403. doi:10.3390/cimb46050267
Chung SA, Lim JW, Kim H. Docosahexaenoic Acid Inhibits Cytokine Expression by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species in Pancreatic Stellate Cells. J Cancer Prev. 2021;26:195. doi:10.15430/JCP.2021.26.3.195
Wu Z, Lu G, Zhang L, Ke L, Yuan C, et al. Protectin D1 decreases pancreatitis severity in mice by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021;94:107486. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107486