We explored the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation for reducing the risk of influenza infections. Through a comprehensive analysis of multiple Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), we aimed to clarify whether taking vitamin D can help prevent the flu.
Our investigation identified 10 relevant trials that included a total of 4,859 participants. These studies varied in their dosages and duration of vitamin D use, allowing us to assess overall effectiveness across different populations.
The findings were encouraging: our analysis demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation appears to significantly reduce the risk of getting influenza, suggesting that those who increase their vitamin D intake might be better protected during flu season.
Importantly, we did not find significant differences between the studies that could affect our result, and there was no hint of publication bias. Consequently, we can confidently suggest that including vitamin D in our health strategies could enhance our defenses against the flu.
Read More
8
Vitamin D3 reduces flu incidence
Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren.
We carried out a study to investigate whether vitamin D3 supplements could help prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren. Our approach involved a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from December 2008 to March 2009.
This ensured that neither the participants nor the researchers knew who was receiving the vitamin D3 or the placebo, making our findings more reliable. During the trial, we provided 1200 IU of vitamin D3 daily to one group while the other received a placebo.
The results were promising; we found that only 10.8% of the children taking vitamin D3 contracted influenza A, compared to 18.6% in the placebo group. This reduced incidence led us to a relative risk of 0.58, suggesting that vitamin D3 supplementation may lower the chances of getting the flu.
Interestingly, we noticed the most significant benefits among children who hadn’t been taking any other vitamin D supplements and those who began nursery school after age three. Additionally, in children with a past asthma diagnosis, vitamin D3 seemed to dramatically reduce asthma attacks.
Overall, our findings indicate that taking vitamin D3 in the winter could be beneficial for schoolchildren, especially for certain groups. We believe this study adds valuable insights into preventive health measures against influenza A.
Read More
8
Vitamin D3 reduces flu-like illnesses
Vitamin D3 Supplementation at 5000 IU Daily for the Prevention of Influenza-like Illness in Healthcare Workers: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.
We conducted a practical study to investigate how daily vitamin D3 supplementation at 5000 IU might help reduce flu-like illnesses in healthcare workers. This was especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic, where preventing viral infections is crucial for those on the front lines.
Our study involved 255 healthcare workers who received the vitamin D3 supplement for at least two months and compared them to a control group of 2827 workers who did not receive the supplement. We asked participants to monitor themselves for any flu-like symptoms and report for COVID-19 testing accordingly.
The results were promising; those supplementing with vitamin D experienced a significant reduction in the incidence of flu-like illnesses. The numbers showed a noteworthy drop in non-COVID-19 flu-like illness rates among those taking the supplement. However, when it came to COVID-19 related flu-like illnesses, the difference was not statistically significant.
Overall, our exploration of vitamin D3's effects suggests that it may be a beneficial addition to the health routines of healthcare workers to stave off flu-like illnesses, although its influence on COVID-19 specifically requires further investigation.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Quick recovery
I took this for a cold/flu alongside vitamin C, NAC, omega-3, and zinc. The next day, I was back on my feet.
Read More
9
Regulates systems
These quality capsules provide a significant dose of vitamin D3. It's essential for healthy living from infancy onwards. The shock dose of 50,000 IU is safe, especially when battling cold or flu, as it promotes swift recovery. The capsules are small and easy to swallow.
Read More
9
Immune system boost
An excellent drug for the immune system. A very effective vitamin! During my three-month use, the level of vitamin D in my blood doubled, despite taking it only once daily, although my doctor recommended twice. I didn’t fall ill during this time, even amidst the flu epidemic. An excellent product; I highly recommend it!
We recently examined how vitamin D impacts our body's response to influenza H1N1, an important viral infection. Utilizing 142 clinical cases from the Department of Otolaryngology at Sun Yat-sen University, we dug into the effects of vitamin D deficiency on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a condition that frequently involves damage to the airway's lining. By studying airway organoids treated with vitamin D, we were able to simulate how this treatment might bolster our defenses against flu viruses and bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus.
Our observations showed that many patients with CRS suffered from vitamin D deficiency. Notably, those who received vitamin D treatment exhibited faster cell growth in the nasal epithelium. When exposed to the H1N1 virus, these treated organoids demonstrated a remarkable ability to fend off the infection better than those without vitamin D. This protection stemmed from enhancements in host defenses, including improved production of antimicrobial proteins, reduced inflammation, and better epithelial integrity—crucial factors in fighting off infections.
We also uncovered some fascinating insights about the biological mechanisms at work. Vitamin D seemed to actively influence how epithelial cells develop and repair themselves while managing immune responses against infections. These findings underscore the significance of addressing vitamin D deficiency, especially for those vulnerable to respiratory illnesses.
Read More
9
Oxarol enhances flu vaccine response
Repurposing the psoriasis drug Oxarol to an ointment adjuvant for the influenza vaccine.
We explored the potential of Oxarol, a medication usually prescribed for psoriasis, as a new adjuvant for influenza vaccines. In our research, we found that applying Oxarol ointment on the skin significantly enhanced the immune response of mice when they were vaccinated against the flu. This treatment helped boost humoral responses—essentially the production of antibodies—and improved germinal center reactions, which are critical for effective immunity.
Our findings highlighted that the vitamin D3 receptor in skin cells played a vital role in this process. By stimulating the production of a molecule called thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), Oxarol effectively facilitated better immune responses against the virus. Experiments showed that giving mice TSLP directly or blocking it produced noticeable changes in their immune responses, indicating its importance.
Importantly, we identified specific immune cells responsible for the effective response, confirming that targeted treatments like Oxarol could pave the way for safer and more efficient vaccine strategies in the future. This study suggests that vitamin D3’s role in skin treatments can be harnessed to improve flu vaccines.
Read More
8
Vitamin D may reduce flu risk
The effectiveness of interventions to reduce the transmission of acute respiratory infections in care homes: a systematic review.
We explored how vitamin D supplementation might help reduce the risk of respiratory infections, particularly the flu, in care homes. Our systematic review of several randomized controlled trials focused on interventions to reduce the transmission of acute respiratory infections, looking beyond just vaccines.
Our findings highlighted that high-dose vitamin D supplementation led to a significant decrease in the incidence of acute respiratory infections, reducing the likelihood of getting sick. Specifically, one trial indicated a 40% reduction in these infections among participants receiving vitamin D compared to those who did not.
However, not all studies we reviewed showed compelling results for related supplements like vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal aids, which did not significantly impact infection rates. This means that while vitamin D supplementation shows promise, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and confirm its benefits in combating flu and other respiratory illnesses.
Read More
8
Vitamin D3 reduces flu-like illnesses
Vitamin D3 Supplementation at 5000 IU Daily for the Prevention of Influenza-like Illness in Healthcare Workers: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.
We conducted a practical study to investigate how daily vitamin D3 supplementation at 5000 IU might help reduce flu-like illnesses in healthcare workers. This was especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic, where preventing viral infections is crucial for those on the front lines.
Our study involved 255 healthcare workers who received the vitamin D3 supplement for at least two months and compared them to a control group of 2827 workers who did not receive the supplement. We asked participants to monitor themselves for any flu-like symptoms and report for COVID-19 testing accordingly.
The results were promising; those supplementing with vitamin D experienced a significant reduction in the incidence of flu-like illnesses. The numbers showed a noteworthy drop in non-COVID-19 flu-like illness rates among those taking the supplement. However, when it came to COVID-19 related flu-like illnesses, the difference was not statistically significant.
Overall, our exploration of vitamin D3's effects suggests that it may be a beneficial addition to the health routines of healthcare workers to stave off flu-like illnesses, although its influence on COVID-19 specifically requires further investigation.
Read More
8
Vitamin D reduces flu risk
Association Between Vitamin D and Influenza: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
We explored the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation for reducing the risk of influenza infections. Through a comprehensive analysis of multiple Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), we aimed to clarify whether taking vitamin D can help prevent the flu.
Our investigation identified 10 relevant trials that included a total of 4,859 participants. These studies varied in their dosages and duration of vitamin D use, allowing us to assess overall effectiveness across different populations.
The findings were encouraging: our analysis demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation appears to significantly reduce the risk of getting influenza, suggesting that those who increase their vitamin D intake might be better protected during flu season.
Importantly, we did not find significant differences between the studies that could affect our result, and there was no hint of publication bias. Consequently, we can confidently suggest that including vitamin D in our health strategies could enhance our defenses against the flu.
I took this for a cold/flu alongside vitamin C, NAC, omega-3, and zinc. The next day, I was back on my feet.
Read More
9
Regulates systems
These quality capsules provide a significant dose of vitamin D3. It's essential for healthy living from infancy onwards. The shock dose of 50,000 IU is safe, especially when battling cold or flu, as it promotes swift recovery. The capsules are small and easy to swallow.
Read More
9
Immune system boost
An excellent drug for the immune system. A very effective vitamin! During my three-month use, the level of vitamin D in my blood doubled, despite taking it only once daily, although my doctor recommended twice. I didn’t fall ill during this time, even amidst the flu epidemic. An excellent product; I highly recommend it!
Read More
9
Flu recovery boost
I usually take it from autumn to spring for prevention. It has no taste, yet its effect is remarkable! My flu resolved in four days thanks to this product. I’m extremely satisfied with its quality.
Read More
9
Quick flu relief
This vitamin D3 is marvellous; whenever I get the flu and take a couple of capsules, I feel significantly better the next day.
The flu, short for influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It affects the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs, leading to a range of symptoms that can vary in severity. Common symptoms include fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion, runny nose, headaches, and fatigue. The flu can lead to serious complications, particularly in vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with underlying health conditions.
The flu virus spreads primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also be transmitted by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching one's face. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the flu, and the vaccine is typically updated annually to provide protection against the most common circulating strains. In addition to vaccination, practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and respiratory etiquette, can help minimize the risk of infection.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that's essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth, supporting immune system function, and facilitating normal cell growth and development. It plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the gut, which is vital for bone health. Unlike most vitamins, our bodies can produce Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, specifically UVB rays, which is why it’s often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin." However, depending on your geographical location, lifestyle, and skin type, getting sufficient Vitamin D from the sun alone can be challenging, particularly during the winter months.
In addition to sunlight, Vitamin D can be obtained from certain foods such as fatty fish (like salmon and mackerel), fish liver oils, and fortified foods like milk and cereals. Some individuals may also consider supplements, especially if they're at risk for deficiency. Insufficient vitamin D levels are linked to various health issues, including rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, and even an increased risk of chronic diseases. Regularly checking your vitamin D levels and consulting with a healthcare professional can help ensure you're meeting your needs for optimal health.
Vitamin D has been shown to play a crucial role in immune function, and there is some evidence suggesting that it may help reduce the risk of respiratory infections, including the flu. Some studies indicate that individuals with adequate levels of Vitamin D might experience fewer infections and potentially milder symptoms if they do contract the flu. This correlation is thought to be due to Vitamin D's ability to modulate the immune system and promote the production of antimicrobial proteins in the respiratory tract.
However, while a deficiency in Vitamin D is linked to an increased susceptibility to infections, it's important to note that taking Vitamin D supplements should not be seen as a substitute for traditional flu prevention measures, such as vaccination and good hygiene practices. Overall, maintaining appropriate Vitamin D levels through a combination of sun exposure, diet, and supplements may contribute to better overall health and potentially help fend off illnesses like the flu, but more research is needed to establish a definitive causal relationship.
Based on user reviews, the time it typically takes to see results when taking this supplement for flu symptoms varies, but many users report noticeable improvements quite quickly. For instance, one individual mentioned feeling back on their feet the very next day after starting the supplement alongside other vitamins Read Review. Another user noted that their flu symptoms resolved in four days, indicating that the supplement can provide relatively swift relief from symptoms Read Review.
Additionally, some users emphasize feeling significantly better within a day of taking the capsules Read Review. Overall, while individual experiences may vary, several reviews suggest that users can expect to see results anywhere from the next day up to a few days after starting the supplement. However, it's important to note that these observations are based on personal experiences and results may differ based on individual health conditions and other factors.
Vitamin D supplementation shows promising evidence in supporting immune defenses against influenza, particularly in specific populations. Studies suggest that high doses of vitamin D can lead to a significant reduction in acute respiratory infections, including flu. For instance, one systematic review found that individuals taking high-dose vitamin D experienced a 40% lower rate of respiratory infections compared to those who did not receive the supplement [1]. Similarly, other research indicated that vitamin D deficiency could impede the body’s response to influenza H1N1, highlighting that supplementation may enhance antimicrobial defenses and promote better recovery from infections [2].
Further investigations into vitamin D's role during the flu season have yielded mixed results yet generally lean toward its benefits. For instance, a trial showed a reduction in flu-like illnesses among healthcare workers taking vitamin D3 supplements [3]. However, while there are promising indications that vitamin D might play a role in flu prevention and management, such as a reported 84% relative risk reduction of flu infections in children, these findings often lack statistical significance [5]. Therefore, while there is support for the potential of vitamin D in flu prevention, especially in certain populations (like children and healthcare workers), further research is needed to solidify these claims and determine optimal dosing and demographic effectiveness.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report noticeable improvements in their flu and cold symptoms after taking this vitamin D3 supplement. Users frequently mention feeling significantly better within a day of using the product, indicating its effectiveness in providing rapid relief. One reviewer stated, "I feel significantly better the next day" after taking a couple of capsules Read Review. Another customer noted that their flu symptoms resolved after just four days of taking the supplement Read Review.
Additionally, several users highlighted improved overall health and greater immunity, remarking that they did not experience illness during flu season. For instance, a user pointed out that their vitamin D levels doubled over three months, and they managed to avoid falling sick even amidst a flu epidemic Read Review. Another user emphasized that the combination of vitamin D3 with other vitamins has improved their energy levels and strengthened their immune system, contributing to their health during colder months Read Review. While individual experiences may differ, the consensus suggests a valuable enhancement in flu resistance and recovery speed for many users.
Users report varying experiences when combining this vitamin D3 supplement with other supplements for handling flu symptoms. Many individuals highlight the effectiveness of pairing it with other vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin C, NAC, omega-3, and zinc, to enhance recovery. One reviewer shared that they quickly felt back on their feet after taking vitamin D3 alongside these additional supplements, emphasizing the synergistic effect Read Review. Another user noted improved immunity and overall health, thanks to their comprehensive supplement routine, which included vitamin D3 and K2MK7 Read Review.
Additionally, several reviews indicate that combining vitamin D3 with other health-boosting supplements results in better flu prevention and quicker recovery. One user specifically mentioned that using vitamin D3 with K2MK7 significantly enhanced their immune response, allowing them to avoid illnesses during flu season, while their friends frequently caught colds Read Review. Overall, the consensus among users is that adding this vitamin D3 supplement to a regimen of other complementary vitamins can improve health and resilience against flu symptoms.
Research suggests that vitamin D3 supplementation shows promise in reducing the incidence of flu infections, particularly at higher doses. One study indicated that a daily dosage of 5000 IU could significantly lower the risk of flu-like illnesses among healthcare workers [3]. Furthermore, in children aged two to five years, a daily dose of 2000 IU resulted in an 84% relative risk reduction for flu infections, although these findings did not achieve statistical significance [5]. Collectively, studies indicate that optimizing vitamin D levels, particularly through higher doses, may bolster the immune system's effectiveness against influenza.
It's important to note that while high doses of vitamin D3 generally correlate with favorable outcomes in flu prevention and recovery, the exact optimal dosage for therapeutic purposes remains a topic for further investigation. For instance, while some studies found a beneficial effect with doses of 2000 IU, the most pronounced benefits appeared at 5000 IU [3]. Given individual variability, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before embarking on vitamin D supplementation, ensuring it's tailored to your specific health needs.
9
Quick recovery
I took this for a cold/flu alongside vitamin C, NAC, omega-3, and zinc. The next day, I was back on my feet.
9
Flu recovery boost
I usually take it from autumn to spring for prevention. It has no taste, yet its effect is remarkable! My flu resolved in four days thanks to this product. I’m extremely satisfied with its quality.
9
Quick flu relief
This vitamin D3 is marvellous; whenever I get the flu and take a couple of capsules, I feel significantly better the next day.
9
Immune system boost
An excellent drug for the immune system. A very effective vitamin! During my three-month use, the level of vitamin D in my blood doubled, despite taking it only once daily, although my doctor recommended twice. I didn’t fall ill during this time, even amidst the flu epidemic. An excellent product; I highly recommend it!
9
Boosts health
After taking these vitamins for months, I've felt a real difference—higher energy levels and improved focus. My immune system seems stronger too; I haven't caught any colds during flu season. The easy-to-swallow capsules with quality ingredients have become essential to my routine. Highly recommended for health boosting!
7.5
Improves immunity
I combine vitamin D3 with K2MK7, especially due to the high dosage. It has significantly improved my immunity. While friends catch colds and flu, I feel good. This natural composition is enjoyed and is supplemented during autumn and winter when I’m less active outdoors.
7.5
Boosts immunity
I use vitamin D3 with K2MK7 and have seen a marked improvement in my immunity. While my friends catch flu frequently, I feel well. This natural, high-quality vitamin is especially beneficial during autumn and winter, though one should consult a specialist due to the large dosage.
8
Vitamin D may reduce flu risk
The effectiveness of interventions to reduce the transmission of acute respiratory infections in care homes: a systematic review.
We explored how vitamin D supplementation might help reduce the risk of respiratory infections, particularly the flu, in care homes. Our systematic review of several randomized controlled trials focused on interventions to reduce the transmission of acute respiratory infections, looking beyond just vaccines.
Our findings highlighted that high-dose vitamin D supplementation led to a significant decrease in the incidence of acute respiratory infections, reducing the likelihood of getting sick. Specifically, one trial indicated a 40% reduction in these infections among participants receiving vitamin D compared to those who did not.
However, not all studies we reviewed showed compelling results for related supplements like vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal aids, which did not significantly impact infection rates. This means that while vitamin D supplementation shows promise, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and confirm its benefits in combating flu and other respiratory illnesses.
9
Vitamin D enhances influenza defenses
Vitamin D promotes epithelial tissue repair and host defense responses against influenza H1N1 virus and Staphylococcus aureus infections.
We recently examined how vitamin D impacts our body's response to influenza H1N1, an important viral infection. Utilizing 142 clinical cases from the Department of Otolaryngology at Sun Yat-sen University, we dug into the effects of vitamin D deficiency on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a condition that frequently involves damage to the airway's lining. By studying airway organoids treated with vitamin D, we were able to simulate how this treatment might bolster our defenses against flu viruses and bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus.
Our observations showed that many patients with CRS suffered from vitamin D deficiency. Notably, those who received vitamin D treatment exhibited faster cell growth in the nasal epithelium. When exposed to the H1N1 virus, these treated organoids demonstrated a remarkable ability to fend off the infection better than those without vitamin D. This protection stemmed from enhancements in host defenses, including improved production of antimicrobial proteins, reduced inflammation, and better epithelial integrity—crucial factors in fighting off infections.
We also uncovered some fascinating insights about the biological mechanisms at work. Vitamin D seemed to actively influence how epithelial cells develop and repair themselves while managing immune responses against infections. These findings underscore the significance of addressing vitamin D deficiency, especially for those vulnerable to respiratory illnesses.
8
Vitamin D3 reduces flu-like illnesses
Vitamin D3 Supplementation at 5000 IU Daily for the Prevention of Influenza-like Illness in Healthcare Workers: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.
We conducted a practical study to investigate how daily vitamin D3 supplementation at 5000 IU might help reduce flu-like illnesses in healthcare workers. This was especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic, where preventing viral infections is crucial for those on the front lines.
Our study involved 255 healthcare workers who received the vitamin D3 supplement for at least two months and compared them to a control group of 2827 workers who did not receive the supplement. We asked participants to monitor themselves for any flu-like symptoms and report for COVID-19 testing accordingly.
The results were promising; those supplementing with vitamin D experienced a significant reduction in the incidence of flu-like illnesses. The numbers showed a noteworthy drop in non-COVID-19 flu-like illness rates among those taking the supplement. However, when it came to COVID-19 related flu-like illnesses, the difference was not statistically significant.
Overall, our exploration of vitamin D3's effects suggests that it may be a beneficial addition to the health routines of healthcare workers to stave off flu-like illnesses, although its influence on COVID-19 specifically requires further investigation.
5
Vitamin D's limited flu benefits
A randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza and enterovirus infection in children.
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial to explore whether vitamin D supplementation could lower the risk of flu among young children. The study involved 248 participants aged two to five years from daycare centers in Taiwan, who were divided into two groups: one received 2000 IU of vitamin D daily, while the other group received a placebo for one month.
The results were intriguing. We found an 84% relative risk reduction for flu infection in the vitamin D group compared to the placebo group. However, this finding did not achieve statistical significance, which means we can't be certain of its importance. The data suggested that the placebo group might have a higher chance of getting the flu, but again, the results were not definitive.
Additionally, no significant differences were observed in terms of enterovirus infections between the two groups, and the same trend was seen among household members of the children. Everyone who received the vitamin D treatment managed to raise their vitamin D levels above 30 ng/ml, indicating that the supplementation was effective in boosting their vitamin D status.
Overall, while vitamin D supplementation might offer some protective effect against flu in preschoolers, the evidence does not strongly support this. We recommend further research to fully understand the impact.
References
Willcox ML, Lavu D, Yousaf U, Dalton S, Roberts N, et al. The effectiveness of interventions to reduce the transmission of acute respiratory infections in care homes: a systematic review. J Public Health (Oxf). 2024;46:551. 10.1093/pubmed/fdae178
Liao S, Huang Y, Zhang J, Xiong Q, Chi M, et al. Vitamin D promotes epithelial tissue repair and host defense responses against influenza H1N1 virus and Staphylococcus aureus infections. Respir Res. 2023;24:175. 10.1186/s12931-023-02477-4
van Helmond N, Brobyn TL, LaRiccia PJ, Cafaro T, Hunter K, et al. Vitamin D3 Supplementation at 5000 IU Daily for the Prevention of Influenza-like Illness in Healthcare Workers: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2022;15. 10.3390/nu15010180
Arora J, Patel DR, Nicol MJ, Field CJ, Restori KH, et al. Vitamin D and the Ability to Produce 1,25(OH)D Are Critical for Protection from Viral Infection of the Lungs. Nutrients. 2022;14. 10.3390/nu14153061
Huang YN, Chi H, Chiu NC, Huang CY, Li ST, et al. A randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza and enterovirus infection in children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2022;55:803. 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.01.003
Zhu Z, Zhu X, Gu L, Zhan Y, Chen L, et al. Association Between Vitamin D and Influenza: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Nutr. 2021;8:799709. 10.3389/fnut.2021.799709
Godan Hauptman A, Lukić-Grlić A, Vraneš J, Milošević M, Gagro A. The effect of standard-dose wintertime vitamin D supplementation on influenza infection in immunized nursing home elderly residents. Croat Med J. 2021;62:495.
Abioye AI, Bromage S, Fawzi W. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6. 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003176
Slusky DJG, Zeckhauser RJ. Sunlight and Protection Against Influenza. Econ Hum Biol. 2021;40:100942. 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100942
Godbole NM, Sinha RA, Tiwari S, Pawar SD, Dhole TN. Analysis of influenza virus-induced perturbation in autophagic flux and its modulation during Vitamin D3 mediated anti-apoptotic signaling. Virus Res. 2020;282:197936. 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197936
Sato R, Makino-Okamura C, Lin Q, Wang M, Shoemaker JE, et al. Repurposing the psoriasis drug Oxarol to an ointment adjuvant for the influenza vaccine. Int Immunol. 2020;32:499. 10.1093/intimm/dxaa012
Urashima M, Mezawa H, Noya M, Camargo CA. Effects of vitamin D supplements on influenza A illness during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct. 2014;5:2365. 10.1039/c4fo00371c
Khare D, Godbole NM, Pawar SD, Mohan V, Pandey G, et al. Calcitriol [1, 25[OH]2 D3] pre- and post-treatment suppresses inflammatory response to influenza A (H1N1) infection in human lung A549 epithelial cells. Eur J Nutr. 2013;52:1405. 10.1007/s00394-012-0449-7
Urashima M, Segawa T, Okazaki M, Kurihara M, Wada Y, et al. Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:1255. 10.3945/ajcn.2009.29094
Kriesel JD, Spruance J. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3) coadministered with influenza vaccine does not enhance humoral immunity in human volunteers. Vaccine. 1999;17:1883.