We examined the impact of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) on the progression of lupus nephritis in a mouse model. By inducing VAD during pregnancy or after weaning, we discovered that both methods significantly worsened the condition, leading to higher mortality rates.
Interestingly, restoring vitamin A levels after weaning reduced mortality. This suggests that VAD accelerates lupus nephritis through increased immune cell activation and autoantibody production. However, effects were less pronounced when VAD was introduced post-weaning. Overall, the study highlights the potential dangers of vitamin A deficiency in autoimmune diseases.
Read More
8
Dietary retinol may lower RA risk
Association between dietary retinol intake and rheumatoid arthritis based on NHANES database.
We analyzed data from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), focusing on how dietary retinol (a form of vitamin A) intake relates to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Our findings indicated that higher dietary retinol intake, especially in women, was linked to a reduced risk of developing RA. Specifically, women who consumed more than 354.86 mcg of retinol saw the most significant benefits.
This suggests that adjusting our diets to include more vitamin A could offer a protective effect against this autoimmune disorder.
Read More
8
Vitamin A vaccine alters Th17 cells
Repeated immunization with ATRA-containing liposomal adjuvant transdifferentiates Th17 cells to a Tr1-like phenotype.
We investigated whether a therapeutic vaccine could target harmful Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases using vitamin A ingredients. By using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in liposomal formulations, we found that it specifically inhibited Th17 cells related to a particular autoantigen, sparing unrelated ones.
This process not only reduced disease severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, but also encouraged Th17 cells to adopt a more regulatory and tolerant role. Overall, our findings suggest that ATRA-containing vaccines might effectively alter the behavior of Th17 cells in autoimmune conditions.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Significant mucous improvement
26 people found this helpful
Despite consuming greens, my mucous membranes remained problematic for years. Once I increased my vitamin A intake, all my issues, including angular cheilitis and nosebleeds, significantly improved. While some studies question the efficacy of supplements, I believe in their power and will continue to use them for my autoimmune disorder.
Read More
9
Skin condition improved
7 people found this helpful
For my rare skin disorder, I found a suitable vitamin A supplement. After starting this product, my skin has noticeably improved—no longer dry or acne-prone. This vitamin A has been the solution I needed for my autoimmune disorder, and I truly appreciate its effects.
Read More
9
Skin problem relief
3 people found this helpful
I ordered this vitamin for a colleague with chronic skin issues who had seen no improvement with treatments from her dermatologist. After taking these vitamins with vitamin C and zinc, her skin has cleared up significantly. She's thrilled with the results.
Exploring the supplementary potential of all-trans retinoic acid with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: modulation of synovial cell apoptosis and autophagy.
We examined how well all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) works alongside methotrexate (MTX) in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Our research focused on its ability to reduce the growth of synovial cells while promoting their death, which is essential in managing this condition.
While MTX alone didn't significantly affect cell viability or apoptosis, the addition of ATRA showed impressive results. It not only inhibited cell growth but also triggered both apoptosis and autophagy via the ROS-JNK pathway. In tests with rats, this combination therapy notably improved results compared to MTX alone.
ATRA may be a valuable supplementary treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, especially since MTX alone has limited effectiveness on these specific cellular processes.
Read More
9
ATRA microparticles improve arthritis treatment
Immunomodulatory Microparticles Epigenetically Modulate T Cells and Systemically Ameliorate Autoimmune Arthritis.
We explored an innovative treatment for autoimmune arthritis using microparticles that release all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a form of vitamin A. This method aims to enhance immune responses in a targeted way, improving T cells that help reduce inflammation.
Our findings show that these microparticles, when injected into the joints of mice, decreased symptoms of the disease without completely suppressing the immune response. The approach appears promising for enhancing treatment in patients who don’t respond well to traditional therapies like DMARDs.
Read More
9
Vitamin A deficiency worsens lupus nephritis
Hypovitaminosis A Drives the Progression of Tubulointerstitial Lupus Nephritis through Potentiating Predisease Cellular Autoreactivity.
We examined the impact of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) on the progression of lupus nephritis in a mouse model. By inducing VAD during pregnancy or after weaning, we discovered that both methods significantly worsened the condition, leading to higher mortality rates.
Interestingly, restoring vitamin A levels after weaning reduced mortality. This suggests that VAD accelerates lupus nephritis through increased immune cell activation and autoantibody production. However, effects were less pronounced when VAD was introduced post-weaning. Overall, the study highlights the potential dangers of vitamin A deficiency in autoimmune diseases.
Read More
9
Targeted therapy reduces RA symptoms
Engineered Platelet Microparticle-Membrane Camouflaged Nanoparticles for Targeting the Golgi Apparatus of Synovial Fibroblasts to Attenuate Rheumatoid Arthritis.
We investigated a cutting-edge method using engineered nanoparticles to deliver all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) directly to synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This approach utilizes a unique Golgi-targeting system to ensure effective treatment.
Our findings demonstrated that ATRA-loaded nanoparticles significantly disrupted pathogenic protein production in RA cells, leading to less inflammation and reduced joint damage in animal models. Overall, this targeted delivery method shows promise in effectively managing RA while being mindful of safety, as it caused minimal toxicity to major organs.
Read More
8
Dietary retinol may lower RA risk
Association between dietary retinol intake and rheumatoid arthritis based on NHANES database.
We analyzed data from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), focusing on how dietary retinol (a form of vitamin A) intake relates to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Our findings indicated that higher dietary retinol intake, especially in women, was linked to a reduced risk of developing RA. Specifically, women who consumed more than 354.86 mcg of retinol saw the most significant benefits.
This suggests that adjusting our diets to include more vitamin A could offer a protective effect against this autoimmune disorder.
Despite consuming greens, my mucous membranes remained problematic for years. Once I increased my vitamin A intake, all my issues, including angular cheilitis and nosebleeds, significantly improved. While some studies question the efficacy of supplements, I believe in their power and will continue to use them for my autoimmune disorder.
Read More
9
Skin condition improved
7 people found this helpful
For my rare skin disorder, I found a suitable vitamin A supplement. After starting this product, my skin has noticeably improved—no longer dry or acne-prone. This vitamin A has been the solution I needed for my autoimmune disorder, and I truly appreciate its effects.
Read More
9
Skin problem relief
3 people found this helpful
I ordered this vitamin for a colleague with chronic skin issues who had seen no improvement with treatments from her dermatologist. After taking these vitamins with vitamin C and zinc, her skin has cleared up significantly. She's thrilled with the results.
Read More
7.5
Effective treatment noted
47 people found this helpful
I had persistent dryness in my nasal passages and throat, and eventually learned I had an autoimmune disorder. After taking vitamin A, I noticed significant improvements in my skin, mucous membranes, and overall well-being. My menstrual flow also decreased, and my symptoms lessened. It appears that having sufficient vitamin A is crucial for managing my condition.
Read More
8
Convenient skin treatment
26 people found this helpful
I was prescribed a therapeutic dose of vitamin A for my autoimmune disorder regarding skin post-acne and hyperkeratosis. This capsule form is much more convenient than liquid. Over time, my skin has dried less, appeared more even, and blemishes have become rare. I have noticed improvements in my skin as well as no side effects.
An autoimmune disorder occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy cells and tissues, believing them to be foreign invaders, such as bacteria or viruses. This reaction can lead to inflammation, tissue damage, and impaired function of the affected organs. There are over 80 known autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes, each with its own specific symptoms and treatment options. The exact cause of these disorders is still unclear, but a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors is believed to play a role in their development.
Diagnosis of autoimmune disorders often involves a combination of physical examinations, assessment of symptoms, blood tests, and imaging studies to evaluate organ involvement. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and controlling the immune response using medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. In addition to medication, lifestyle modifications, such as stress management and a balanced diet, can be beneficial in managing symptoms. If you suspect you have an autoimmune condition, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and tailored treatment options.
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that's essential for several critical bodily functions, including vision, immune response, and cell differentiation. It comes in two primary forms: preformed vitamin A (retinol) found in animal products like liver, fish, and dairy, and provitamin A carotenoids, primarily found in colorful fruits and vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach. The body can convert carotenoids into retinol, making these plant sources a valuable dietary option, especially for those following a vegetarian or vegan lifestyle.
Aside from its role in maintaining healthy vision—particularly in low-light conditions—vitamin A plays a significant role in skin health and the functioning of the heart, lungs, and kidneys. It also supports the immune system by promoting the development and function of white blood cells. While it's uncommon to experience a deficiency in countries where a balanced diet is accessible, a lack of vitamin A can lead to serious health problems, including night blindness and increased susceptibility to infections. In contrast, excessive intake of vitamin A, particularly through supplements, can be toxic and lead to several health issues, making it crucial to maintain a balanced intake.
According to user reviews, the time it takes to see results from taking vitamin A for autoimmune disorders can vary, generally ranging from a few weeks to several months. Users have reported improvements in skin conditions and overall health within as little as four months, with many noting significant changes in symptoms after consistent use. One reviewer indicated noticeable benefits for their acne after four months of consumption (Read Review), while another experienced major improvements in mucous membranes and overall well-being after an unspecified duration with regular intake (Read Review).
Additionally, individual experiences suggest that dosage and consistency play critical roles in achieving these results. Users taking varying doses, including high-dose prescriptions for specific disorders, have noted effectiveness from their vitamin A supplementation (Read Review), indicating that it may take time to find the right dosage and routine for optimal health benefits. Overall, while some users see benefits earlier, a commitment to a longer duration is common among those reporting significant improvements in managing their autoimmune symptoms.
The scientific research supports the potential use of certain vitamin A derivatives, specifically all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), as a treatment adjunct for autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A notable study demonstrated that the combination of ATRA with traditional RA medications improved treatment outcomes in children, suggesting ATRA's ability to enhance therapeutic efficacy ([1]). Additional research indicated that higher dietary retinol intake may reduce the risk of developing RA, proposing a protective dietary strategy against this autoimmune condition ([2]). Furthermore, ATRA’s role in promoting apoptosis in synovial cells offers a compelling rationale for its supplementary use in RA treatment ([3]).
Moreover, several studies have explored the implications of vitamin A in both RA and MS models, underscoring its potential in decreasing inflammation and modifying immune responses ([9], [6]). These findings suggest that vitamin A may not only alleviate symptoms but also alter underlying disease mechanisms in autoimmune disorders. However, despite promising results, the necessity for further clinical trials remains paramount to establish definitive therapeutic protocols and safety profiles for these treatments.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report significant improvements in their symptoms associated with autoimmune disorders following vitamin A supplementation. For instance, one user highlighted overcoming persistent mucous membrane issues and nosebleeds upon increasing their vitamin A intake (Read Review). Another reviewer noted that their skin condition, previously exacerbated by a rare disorder, markedly improved after starting vitamin A, alleviating dryness and acne (Read Review).
Moreover, consistent positive experiences were echoed throughout the reviews, with many users reporting clearer skin, reduced inflammation, and overall better wellbeing. A user indicated improvements not only in their skin but also in nasal and throat dryness after the intake of vitamin A (Read Review). Lasting results were also observed in those using therapeutic doses for skin post-acne and general skin health (Read Review). Though individual results can vary, the consensus suggests that vitamin A may be a beneficial addition for managing symptoms related to autoimmune disorders.
According to user reviews, many individuals have reported positive experiences when combining vitamin A supplementation with other supplements for managing autoimmune disorders. One particular user noted significant improvement in their skin after taking vitamin A along with vitamin C and zinc, indicating that this combination can enhance the overall effectiveness of treatment (Read Review). The synergistic effect of these supplements may provide a more comprehensive approach to addressing the symptoms of autoimmune disorders, as users have found that certain combinations yield better results than vitamin A alone.
Additionally, several reviews suggest that users are experimenting with various supplement stacks tailored to their specific conditions, mentioning combinations that enhance skin health, immunity, and overall well-being. For example, a user reported taking a higher dose of vitamin A every other day, alongside other supplements, to effectively manage cognitive function linked to their autoimmune disorder (Read Review) while another noted their own positive results with a tailored regimen. This reinforces the notion that different supplements can work well in conjunction to support individuals dealing with autoimmune issues. Overall, the anecdotal evidence implies that customizing supplementation may be crucial for optimizing health outcomes in autoimmune disorder management.
Users report a variety of experiences regarding the right dose of Vitamin A for treating autoimmune disorders. Several reviews suggest that higher doses, around 25,000 IU, can lead to significant improvements in symptoms, such as skin conditions, mucous membrane issues, and overall well-being Read ReviewRead Review. Others, however, express caution regarding high doses, indicating that while effects can be positive, they may also pose risks if not monitored properly Read Review. A safer approach mentioned by users recommends doses around 10,000 IU to mitigate potential side effects Read Review.
Additionally, some users have shared that they alternate days for dosing or take smaller amounts on a less frequent basis to balance efficacy with safety Read Review. Ultimately, it seems that while individual responses vary, many find Vitamin A beneficial for managing their autoimmune conditions, with a general consensus leaning toward higher doses being effective yet warranting careful consideration of potential toxicity Read Review.
7.5
Acne reduction
1 people found this helpful
I've been using this for four months and have noticed a benefit for my acne. The large bottle lasts a long time, and I appreciate that there's no taste. Just pure vitamin A and great quality.
7.5
Effective treatment noted
47 people found this helpful
I had persistent dryness in my nasal passages and throat, and eventually learned I had an autoimmune disorder. After taking vitamin A, I noticed significant improvements in my skin, mucous membranes, and overall well-being. My menstrual flow also decreased, and my symptoms lessened. It appears that having sufficient vitamin A is crucial for managing my condition.
8
Convenient skin treatment
26 people found this helpful
I was prescribed a therapeutic dose of vitamin A for my autoimmune disorder regarding skin post-acne and hyperkeratosis. This capsule form is much more convenient than liquid. Over time, my skin has dried less, appeared more even, and blemishes have become rare. I have noticed improvements in my skin as well as no side effects.
9
Significant mucous improvement
26 people found this helpful
Despite consuming greens, my mucous membranes remained problematic for years. Once I increased my vitamin A intake, all my issues, including angular cheilitis and nosebleeds, significantly improved. While some studies question the efficacy of supplements, I believe in their power and will continue to use them for my autoimmune disorder.
9
Skin condition improved
7 people found this helpful
For my rare skin disorder, I found a suitable vitamin A supplement. After starting this product, my skin has noticeably improved—no longer dry or acne-prone. This vitamin A has been the solution I needed for my autoimmune disorder, and I truly appreciate its effects.
9
Skin problem relief
3 people found this helpful
I ordered this vitamin for a colleague with chronic skin issues who had seen no improvement with treatments from her dermatologist. After taking these vitamins with vitamin C and zinc, her skin has cleared up significantly. She's thrilled with the results.
7.5
Cognitive function enhanced
3 people found this helpful
After taking this vitamin, I've observed a positive change in my cognitive function. To avoid overconsumption of vitamin A, I only take it every other day, which still seems effective in assisting my autoimmune disorder.
7.5
Effective for disease
1 people found this helpful
A high dosage of this vitamin A is suitable for individuals with gastrointestinal issues like Crohn's disease or other serious conditions related to autoimmune disorders. I use 25,000 IU during illness and 10,000 IU for prevention.
0
Dosage concerns
I ordered vitamin A at 25,000 IU, but I've learned that the recommended daily dose is 5,000 IU, with anything over 10,000 IU being possibly toxic. I'm curious why such high doses are available and who they’re intended for, especially regarding autoimmune disorders.
7.5
Eye health improvement
2 people found this helpful
Great! Both my eyes and skin benefit from this. I find it significantly helps with eye moisture, especially after yawning. My night vision has improved, and it helps delay the fundus damage caused by my autoimmune disorder. My skin also appears smoother, although high doses can cause itchiness. If unsure, I recommend a safer dose of 10,000 units.
7
Potential treatment enhancement observed
Efficacy of formic acid in combination with cDMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis.
This study evaluated whether adding formic acid could improve treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in children. We assessed 90 children with RA, splitting them into two groups—one receiving traditional medications and the other receiving those same medications plus all-trans retinoic acid.
After follow-ups at six months and one year, our analysis showed that the addition of all-trans retinoic acid seemed to enhance the overall effectiveness of the treatments the children received. It’s a promising prospect for improving RA management.
8
Dietary retinol may lower RA risk
Association between dietary retinol intake and rheumatoid arthritis based on NHANES database.
We analyzed data from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), focusing on how dietary retinol (a form of vitamin A) intake relates to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Our findings indicated that higher dietary retinol intake, especially in women, was linked to a reduced risk of developing RA. Specifically, women who consumed more than 354.86 mcg of retinol saw the most significant benefits.
This suggests that adjusting our diets to include more vitamin A could offer a protective effect against this autoimmune disorder.
9
Vitamin A enhances rheumatoid arthritis treatment
Exploring the supplementary potential of all-trans retinoic acid with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: modulation of synovial cell apoptosis and autophagy.
We examined how well all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) works alongside methotrexate (MTX) in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Our research focused on its ability to reduce the growth of synovial cells while promoting their death, which is essential in managing this condition.
While MTX alone didn't significantly affect cell viability or apoptosis, the addition of ATRA showed impressive results. It not only inhibited cell growth but also triggered both apoptosis and autophagy via the ROS-JNK pathway. In tests with rats, this combination therapy notably improved results compared to MTX alone.
ATRA may be a valuable supplementary treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, especially since MTX alone has limited effectiveness on these specific cellular processes.
8
Vitamin A and D may reduce inflammation
Vitamins A and D Enhance the Expression of Ror-γ-Targeting miRNAs in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.
We explored how vitamins A and D impact multiple sclerosis by examining their effects in a mouse model. By injecting these vitamins prior to inducing disease, we observed a notable reduction in disease severity.
The treatment led to fewer Th17 cells and decreased inflammation markers in the mice’s tissues. Additionally, levels of certain microRNAs were significantly increased, suggesting a mechanism through which these vitamins may act to suppress Th17 development.
Overall, vitamins A and D appear to have a promising role in reducing neuroinflammation linked to autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis.
8
Vitamin A vaccine alters Th17 cells
Repeated immunization with ATRA-containing liposomal adjuvant transdifferentiates Th17 cells to a Tr1-like phenotype.
We investigated whether a therapeutic vaccine could target harmful Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases using vitamin A ingredients. By using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in liposomal formulations, we found that it specifically inhibited Th17 cells related to a particular autoantigen, sparing unrelated ones.
This process not only reduced disease severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, but also encouraged Th17 cells to adopt a more regulatory and tolerant role. Overall, our findings suggest that ATRA-containing vaccines might effectively alter the behavior of Th17 cells in autoimmune conditions.
References
Cao TT, Ma JL, Zhang Y, Peng JW, Lin H. Efficacy of formic acid in combination with cDMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2024;28:4366. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202410_36831
Ni Y, Cao Y, Qiu Y, Li Y. Association between dietary retinol intake and rheumatoid arthritis based on NHANES database. BMC Public Health. 2024;24:2167. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19620-5
Zhang Y, Shi J, Xie Y, Shao H, Ning Y, et al. Exploring the supplementary potential of all-trans retinoic acid with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: modulation of synovial cell apoptosis and autophagy. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2024;42:1387. doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/3pd9rp
Banaeeyeh S, Afkhami-Goli A, Moosavi Z, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-mitophagy effects of trans sodium crocetinate on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in BALB/C57 mice. Metab Brain Dis. 2024;39:783. doi:10.1007/s11011-024-01349-0
Asgari F, Nikzamir A, Baghaei K, Salami S, Masotti A, et al. Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vitamin A and Tryptophan on Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Stimulated with Gliadin in Celiac Disease Patients. Inflammation. 2024;47:1706. doi:10.1007/s10753-024-02004-7
Wørzner K, Zimmermann J, Buhl R, Desoi A, Christensen D, et al. Repeated immunization with ATRA-containing liposomal adjuvant transdifferentiates Th17 cells to a Tr1-like phenotype. J Autoimmun. 2024;144:103174. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103174
Nehzat N, Browne RW, Ghazal D, Tamaño-Blanco M, Jakimovski D, et al. Exploratory 5-year follow-up study of retinol, tocopherols, and carotenoids in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2024;81:105143. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.105143
Uozumi T, Serizawa N, Hagino T, Morita T, Mizuno M, et al. Dietary habits in Japanese patients with bullous pemphigoid: low intake of retinol. Eur J Dermatol. 2023;33:394. doi:10.1684/ejd.2023.4527
Mohammadi-Kordkhayli M, Sahraian MA, Ghorbani S, Mansouri F, Talebi F, et al. Vitamins A and D Enhance the Expression of Ror-γ-Targeting miRNAs in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol. 2023;60:5853. doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03427-3
Yang J, Zhao L, Wang W, Wu Y. All-trans retinoic acid added to treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hematol. 2023;102:1695. doi:10.1007/s00277-023-05263-w
Moura RP, Carvalho ED, Martins C, des Rieux A, Pêgo AP, et al. Functionalized retinoic acid lipid nanocapsules promotes a two-front attack on inflammation and lack of demyelination on neurodegenerative disorders. J Control Release. 2023;358:43. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.04.034
McBride DA, Kerr MD, Johnson WT, Nguyen A, Zoccheddu M, et al. Immunomodulatory Microparticles Epigenetically Modulate T Cells and Systemically Ameliorate Autoimmune Arthritis. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023;10:e2202720. doi:10.1002/advs.202202720
Sun R, Yang M, Lin C, Wu Y, Sun J, et al. A clinical study of topical treatment for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy with dry eye syndrome. BMC Ophthalmol. 2023;23:72. doi:10.1186/s12886-023-02805-8
Abdelhamid L, Alajoleen R, Kingsmore KM, Cabana-Puig X, Lu R, et al. Hypovitaminosis A Drives the Progression of Tubulointerstitial Lupus Nephritis through Potentiating Predisease Cellular Autoreactivity. Immunohorizons. 2023;7:17. doi:10.4049/immunohorizons.2200015
Nasl-Khameneh AM, Mirshafiey A, Moghadasi AN, Yekaninejad MS, Parastouei K, et al. The immunomodulatory effects of all-trans retinoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid combination treatment on the expression of IL-2, IL-4, T-bet, and GATA3 genes in PBMCs of multiple sclerosis patients. Neurol Res. 2023;45:510. doi:10.1080/01616412.2022.2162222
Deng C, Zhao X, Chen Y, Ai K, Zhang Y, et al. Engineered Platelet Microparticle-Membrane Camouflaged Nanoparticles for Targeting the Golgi Apparatus of Synovial Fibroblasts to Attenuate Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS Nano. 2022;16:18430. doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c06584