Overview

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 32 Researches
7.1
USERS' SCORE
Excellent
Based on 63 Reviews
9
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Softgel
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol) (from Lanolin)
50 mcg (2,000 IU)
250%

Top Medical Research Studies

9
Vitamin D3 improves depressive symptoms
We conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial to explore the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on depression. Our study involved 56 adults with mild to moderate depression, who were assigned to either a vitamin D group or a placebo group. Over the course of eight weeks, the vitamin D group received a high dose of 50,000 IU cholecalciferol every two weeks, while the control group received a placebo.

After the treatment period, we observed that the participants who received the vitamin D3 experienced a significant reduction in depression severity, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Interestingly, this improvement in mood occurred independently of any changes in inflammatory biomarkers like IL-1β, IL-6, and hs-CRP, which we also assessed during the study.

This indicates that while vitamin D supplementation may positively impact depressive symptoms, its effects are not directly linked to the inflammatory markers we evaluated. Our findings suggest that vitamin D3 could be a helpful addition to depression treatment strategies, particularly in individuals with low vitamin D levels.
Read More
9.5
Cholecalciferol eases depression symptoms
We conducted a thorough exploration of how vitamin D3, or cholecalciferol, affects depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involved 70 participants who experienced both T2DM and depression. For 12 weeks, one group received a daily dose of 4000 IU of cholecalciferol, while the other group received a placebo.

By assessing depression levels using the Beck Depression Inventory-II before and after the study, we observed notable results. Not only did the cholecalciferol group report a significant reduction in depression scores, but we found a marked increase in C-peptide levels as well, which may be linked to improvements in mood.

However, we did not find significant changes in serotonin and neurotrophin-3 levels between the two groups, leaving us with some unanswered questions about these mechanisms. Overall, our findings suggest that supplementing with cholecalciferol could potentially relieve mild to moderate depressive symptoms for people managing T2DM, especially through enhanced C-peptide levels.
Read More
9
Vitamin D supports depression management
We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to explore how cholecalciferol, a form of vitamin D, influences depressive symptoms in individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This clinical study lasted for 12 weeks and involved participants who were either given a daily dose of 4000 IU of cholecalciferol or a placebo.

Throughout the study, we measured various factors, including the participants’ depression levels using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, as well as important biological markers like C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3.

Our findings showed a significant reduction in depression scores among those taking cholecalciferol compared to the placebo group. Additionally, we observed a notable increase in C-peptide levels, which may indicate some metabolic benefits, although no significant changes were found in serotonin and neurotrophin-3 levels.

Ultimately, while cholecalciferol appears to alleviate mild to moderate depressive symptoms in T2DM patients through improved C-peptide levels, its impact on serotonin and neurotrophin-3 remains unclear. This highlights vitamin D as a potentially helpful option for managing depression alongside diabetes.
Read More

Most Useful Reviews

9.5
Boosted immunity
Good afternoon! These Vitamin D3 capsules are fantastic for boosting immunity in a digestible liquid form. Living in Siberia, we suffer from vitamin D deficiency. We've noticed a positive effect during the ARVI season, as we fell ill less frequently and more mildly. The whole family takes it, and I’ve been on this dosage for over a year. It helps alleviate depression due to the lack of sun, increases vitality, and without it in the morning, I don't feel like myself.
Read More
9.5
Depression relief
Excellent! The quality is outstanding. I noticed my seasonal depression disappeared and my sleep improved. Vitamin D3 really works, and I appreciate this brand for its quality and affordability.
Read More
9.5
Anxiety improvement
I've taken this vitamin for over a month, experiencing remarkable improvements in my quality of life. Previously suffering from anxiety and depression, those symptoms have vanished since I began this supplementation.
Read More

Medical Researches

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 32 Researches
7.1
  • All Researches
9.5
Cholecalciferol eases depression symptoms
We conducted a thorough exploration of how vitamin D3, or cholecalciferol, affects depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involved 70 participants who experienced both T2DM and depression. For 12 weeks, one group received a daily dose of 4000 IU of cholecalciferol, while the other group received a placebo.

By assessing depression levels using the Beck Depression Inventory-II before and after the study, we observed notable results. Not only did the cholecalciferol group report a significant reduction in depression scores, but we found a marked increase in C-peptide levels as well, which may be linked to improvements in mood.

However, we did not find significant changes in serotonin and neurotrophin-3 levels between the two groups, leaving us with some unanswered questions about these mechanisms. Overall, our findings suggest that supplementing with cholecalciferol could potentially relieve mild to moderate depressive symptoms for people managing T2DM, especially through enhanced C-peptide levels.
Read More
9
Vitamin D and Magnesium Aid Depression
We conducted a study to evaluate whether supplementing with magnesium and vitamin D could help alleviate mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms in individuals suffering from long-COVID. The clinical trial included 60 participants, aged 52.8 years on average, who had been diagnosed with hypomagnesemia, vitamin D deficiency, and mild-to-moderate depression.

Participants were divided into two groups: one received magnesium chloride along with vitamin D, while the other group only received vitamin D. Over four months, we monitored the effectiveness of these supplements in reducing depressive symptoms, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale to measure changes.

Our results revealed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms for those taking both magnesium and vitamin D, with 73.2% of them reaching a positive outcome score on the BDI. In contrast, the control group, which received only vitamin D, showed a less dramatic improvement, suggesting that the combined treatment may offer more benefits for those struggling with depression related to long-COVID.

While both groups experienced some improvement, our findings indicate that magnesium plus vitamin D supplementation presents a promising option for individuals coping with depression in the wake of COVID-19.
Read More
9
Vitamin D supports depression management
We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to explore how cholecalciferol, a form of vitamin D, influences depressive symptoms in individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This clinical study lasted for 12 weeks and involved participants who were either given a daily dose of 4000 IU of cholecalciferol or a placebo.

Throughout the study, we measured various factors, including the participants’ depression levels using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, as well as important biological markers like C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3.

Our findings showed a significant reduction in depression scores among those taking cholecalciferol compared to the placebo group. Additionally, we observed a notable increase in C-peptide levels, which may indicate some metabolic benefits, although no significant changes were found in serotonin and neurotrophin-3 levels.

Ultimately, while cholecalciferol appears to alleviate mild to moderate depressive symptoms in T2DM patients through improved C-peptide levels, its impact on serotonin and neurotrophin-3 remains unclear. This highlights vitamin D as a potentially helpful option for managing depression alongside diabetes.
Read More
9
Calcitriol impacts depression positively
We explored how calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D3, impacts depression linked to neuroinflammation. Using a well-structured study with control and experimental groups, we examined the effects of calcitriol on mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a substance that induces depressive-like behavior and neuroinflammation.

During our experiments, we found that calcitriol not only reduced the inflammatory response in brain cells but also improved behavioral symptoms associated with depression. In particular, it lowered the levels of inflammation-related molecules while promoting anti-inflammatory ones in the brain's hippocampus, an area important for mood and memory.

We observed that calcitriol helped alleviate some of the negative behavioral effects triggered by LPS. The treatment also appeared to prevent the activation of microglia, the brain's immune cells, by interfering with a specific signaling pathway involved in inflammation.

Overall, our findings suggest that vitamin D3 could offer promising benefits as a treatment for depression by tackling neuroinflammation and protecting neuronal health.
Read More
We looked at how vitamin D3 could help combat depression, especially in the context of chronic stress. The study involved 40 male Wistar rats, divided into different groups to compare the effects of vitamin D3, the antidepressant fluoxetine, and a combination of both.

The rats underwent 21 days of mild but unpredictable stress, simulating conditions often linked to depression. To measure the effects, we conducted several behavioral tests and collected blood samples to assess hormonal changes.

Results showed that vitamin D3 had a positive impact similar to fluoxetine on the rats' depressive behaviors. Specifically, we found that vitamin D3 improved results in key behavioral tests, suggesting it can help protect against stress-induced anxiety and depression.

Notably, the levels of corticosterone, a stress hormone, were lower in rats that received vitamin D3, indicating a protective effect. Overall, this study emphasizes the potential of vitamin D3 in alleviating depressive symptoms resulting from chronic stress.
Read More

User Reviews

USERS' SCORE
Excellent
Based on 63 Reviews
9
  • All Reviews
  • Positive Reviews
  • Negative Reviews
9.5
Boosted immunity
Good afternoon! These Vitamin D3 capsules are fantastic for boosting immunity in a digestible liquid form. Living in Siberia, we suffer from vitamin D deficiency. We've noticed a positive effect during the ARVI season, as we fell ill less frequently and more mildly. The whole family takes it, and I’ve been on this dosage for over a year. It helps alleviate depression due to the lack of sun, increases vitality, and without it in the morning, I don't feel like myself.
Read More
9.5
Depression relief
Excellent! The quality is outstanding. I noticed my seasonal depression disappeared and my sleep improved. Vitamin D3 really works, and I appreciate this brand for its quality and affordability.
Read More
9.5
Anxiety improvement
I've taken this vitamin for over a month, experiencing remarkable improvements in my quality of life. Previously suffering from anxiety and depression, those symptoms have vanished since I began this supplementation.
Read More
9.5
Postpartum benefits
I’m Shirley, a mother of three. After my last child, I started this vitamin, which has been a Godsend. It has significantly lifted my mood and boosted my energy, helping with postpartum depression.
Read More
9.5
Recovery from pain
I’ve been using this vitamin daily for the past three months with significant improvements in my health. It helped me recover from a severe back injury linked to depression, allowing me to engage in more activities without pain.
Read More

Frequently Asked Questions

Depression is a common and serious mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable. It can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or background, and it goes beyond just feeling down; it can interfere significantly with daily life, impacting relationships, work performance, and overall well-being. Symptoms of depression may include changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of worthlessness or suicide.

The causes of depression are complex and may involve a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. While it's a serious condition that can be debilitating, the good news is that it is treatable. Various treatment options are available, including therapy, medication, lifestyle changes, and support groups. If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, seeking help from a healthcare professional is a crucial step toward recovery.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that's essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth, supporting immune system function, and facilitating normal cell growth and development. It plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the gut, which is vital for bone health. Unlike most vitamins, our bodies can produce Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, specifically UVB rays, which is why it’s often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin." However, depending on your geographical location, lifestyle, and skin type, getting sufficient Vitamin D from the sun alone can be challenging, particularly during the winter months.

In addition to sunlight, Vitamin D can be obtained from certain foods such as fatty fish (like salmon and mackerel), fish liver oils, and fortified foods like milk and cereals. Some individuals may also consider supplements, especially if they're at risk for deficiency. Insufficient vitamin D levels are linked to various health issues, including rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, and even an increased risk of chronic diseases. Regularly checking your vitamin D levels and consulting with a healthcare professional can help ensure you're meeting your needs for optimal health.

Research has suggested a possible link between vitamin D levels and mood regulation, including its potential role in alleviating symptoms of depression. Some studies indicate that individuals with low levels of vitamin D may be more susceptible to depressive symptoms, and supplementation may provide some relief. This is particularly relevant in regions with limited sunlight exposure, where vitamin D synthesis from sunlight is reduced. However, while some individuals may experience improved mood with vitamin D supplementation, results can vary significantly from person to person.

It's important to note that vitamin D is not a standalone treatment for depression and should not replace prescribed medication or therapy. If you're considering adding vitamin D supplements to your regimen, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional who can evaluate your specific situation and recommend appropriate dosages along with potential lifestyle changes. Overall, while vitamin D may contribute to mood enhancement, it's just one piece of a larger puzzle when addressing mental health concerns.

Based on user reviews, the time it typically takes to see results from taking Vitamin D3 for depression can vary. Some users have reported experiencing positive changes in their mood and energy levels within just a week of starting supplementation. For example, one reviewer noted significant improvements in mood and energy after only a week of use, particularly for postpartum depression (Read Review). Others have mentioned feeling noticeable effects within a month, with a user stating that their anxiety and depression symptoms vanished after a month of supplementation (Read Review).

Furthermore, several users have indicated that consistent use over a longer period, such as three months or even six months, has led to more pronounced improvements in mental health and overall wellbeing (Read Review), (Read Review). Overall, while some experience quick relief, others may find that it takes a month or more to fully appreciate the benefits, highlighting the importance of consistent usage for best results.

The research on vitamin D supplementation shows promising evidence for its potential role in alleviating symptoms of depression. Various studies indicate that higher levels of vitamin D are associated with lower risks of depressive symptoms across different populations. For instance, one study found that individuals with sufficient vitamin D levels had a significantly reduced risk of depression compared to those with deficiencies [2]. Additionally, clinical trials have shown that vitamin D supplementation can lead to a notable reduction in depression severity among people experiencing depressive symptoms, particularly in those already deficient in vitamin D [32].

Further exploration of the relationship between vitamin D and mood improvement has highlighted that its positive effects can be augmented when combined with other treatments, such as magnesium [7]. However, it’s essential to note that while many studies demonstrate a correlation between vitamin D and mood improvement, the exact mechanisms remain under investigation, and results can vary between individuals [18]. Therefore, while there is considerable support for the potential benefits of vitamin D in treating depression, further studies are needed to solidify its role within comprehensive treatment approaches.

Users have reported a range of improvements in their symptoms after taking Vitamin D3 supplements, particularly related to mood and seasonal depression. Many individuals, including a reviewer who has been using the supplement daily for over a year, noted a significant reduction in winter blues and an overall uplift in spirits, leading to increased vitality and a greater sense of well-being (Read Review). Others have mentioned that their symptoms of anxiety and depression vanished within a month of starting the supplementation, with some experiencing notable mood enhancement much as soon as a week (Read Review).

Additionally, long-term users have provided anecdotes of substantial improvements in their mental health, with one user stating that Vitamin D3 alleviated their postpartum depression and boosted their energy level significantly (Read Review). Reported benefits also extend beyond mood improvements to include enhanced sleep quality and faster recovery from ailments, such as frequent colds (Read Review). Others have remarked on the transformation it brought about in their overall health, with users experiencing better emotional and physical health, even reporting boosted immunity and energy levels (Read Review). However, it's essential to keep in mind that individual results can vary.

Users have shared their experiences regarding the combination of Vitamin D3 with other supplements in managing depression, expressing varying degrees of success. Many individuals noted substantial improvements in both mood and energy levels after regularly incorporating Vitamin D3 into their regimen, with some users stating that their depressive symptoms diminished significantly. For example, one reviewer highlighted that their mood improved markedly with the addition of Vitamin D3 after suffering from severe postpartum depression (Read Review). Others reported a notable increase in energy and a decrease in feelings of anxiety and depression after consistent use (Read Review).

Additionally, a few reviewers mentioned the integration of Vitamin D3 with other supplements or lifestyle changes, such as a balanced diet or other health practices, to maximize effects on mood and overall health (Read Review). Users found that consistent intake over weeks and months led to sustainable improvements, suggesting that a multifaceted approach—including potential combinations with other vitamins or minerals—may enhance the benefits of Vitamin D3 in mitigating depressive feelings and promoting general well-being.(Read Review)

When it comes to Vitamin D's role in treating depression, research suggests that high doses may yield the most significant benefits. A systematic review of multiple studies found that vitamin D supplementation at doses of 8000 IU per day led to the most pronounced reductions in depressive symptoms, particularly among individuals already experiencing depression [18]. Furthermore, another study indicated that a daily dose of 4000 IU of cholecalciferol significantly improved mood in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and depression, contributing to a notable reduction in depression scores [17].

For those considering vitamin D as a complementary treatment for depression, it may be beneficial to consult with a healthcare provider. This is especially true given that while notable improvements can be achieved with supplementation, the efficacy of vitamin D alone can vary among individuals, and it should ideally be part of a broader treatment strategy. Whether through diet, sunlight exposure, or supplements, maintaining adequate vitamin D levels could potentially bolster mental health, especially in those at risk for low levels [2].

9.5
Emotional state improved
After experiencing severe postpartum depression, my mood markedly improved within a week of taking these vitamins. I now wake up refreshed and full of energy rather than feeling broken. These vitamins are now essential for my well-being.
9.5
Anxiety improvement
I've taken this vitamin for over a month, experiencing remarkable improvements in my quality of life. Previously suffering from anxiety and depression, those symptoms have vanished since I began this supplementation.
9.5
Recovery from pain
I’ve been using this vitamin daily for the past three months with significant improvements in my health. It helped me recover from a severe back injury linked to depression, allowing me to engage in more activities without pain.
9.5
Depression relief
My doctor recommended this for prevention. After taking 10,000 IU of vitamin D for six months, I've noticed a positive effect — my mood has improved, and my depression has lifted!
9.5
Boosted immunity
Good afternoon! These Vitamin D3 capsules are fantastic for boosting immunity in a digestible liquid form. Living in Siberia, we suffer from vitamin D deficiency. We've noticed a positive effect during the ARVI season, as we fell ill less frequently and more mildly. The whole family takes it, and I’ve been on this dosage for over a year. It helps alleviate depression due to the lack of sun, increases vitality, and without it in the morning, I don't feel like myself.
9.5
Postpartum benefits
I’m Shirley, a mother of three. After my last child, I started this vitamin, which has been a Godsend. It has significantly lifted my mood and boosted my energy, helping with postpartum depression.
9.5
Reduced colds
Прекрасно! The capsules are small and easy to swallow. Since taking them, I find it easier to sleep and wake up. I used to suffer from frequent colds and seasonal depression, but that has all changed now.
9.5
Mood improved significantly
Excellent D3 in a prophylactic dosage has transformed my health. I suffered from depression for years until a doctor tested my vitamin D3 levels and recommended high doses. After a month, my mood drastically improved, and I feel full of energy. My immunity has strengthened, and I've avoided illness. This particular D3 is high quality and affordable, making it a staple for me. I encourage you to consider it for your health; it truly makes a difference.
9.5
Improved mood
Removes depression and enhances mood! I highly recommend this product; I noticed its positive effects swiftly. My mood has significantly improved, and I possess greater energy. Thank you for this wonderful vitamin!
8
Vitamin D and activity reduce depression
We explored the connection between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, physical activity, and the risk of developing depression in older adults. Using data from a large, longitudinal study called the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we focused on cognitively healthy individuals aged 50 and older.

Our findings showed that higher levels of 25(OH)D were associated with a significantly lower risk of depression. When we combined high levels of vitamin D with regular physical activity, the protective effect against depression was even greater, especially in those aged 65 and older.

Specifically, we noted that individuals with high levels of vitamin D and who engaged in physical activity had a 23.1% lower chance of developing depression. This combination not only highlights the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D levels but also emphasizes incorporating physical activity into our daily routines as essential for mental health.

Ultimately, our results underscore the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation and regular physical activity as strategies for preventing depression, particularly in older adults.
9
Vitamin D3 improves depressive symptoms
We conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial to explore the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on depression. Our study involved 56 adults with mild to moderate depression, who were assigned to either a vitamin D group or a placebo group. Over the course of eight weeks, the vitamin D group received a high dose of 50,000 IU cholecalciferol every two weeks, while the control group received a placebo.

After the treatment period, we observed that the participants who received the vitamin D3 experienced a significant reduction in depression severity, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Interestingly, this improvement in mood occurred independently of any changes in inflammatory biomarkers like IL-1β, IL-6, and hs-CRP, which we also assessed during the study.

This indicates that while vitamin D supplementation may positively impact depressive symptoms, its effects are not directly linked to the inflammatory markers we evaluated. Our findings suggest that vitamin D3 could be a helpful addition to depression treatment strategies, particularly in individuals with low vitamin D levels.
9
Vitamin D and Magnesium Aid Depression
We conducted a study to evaluate whether supplementing with magnesium and vitamin D could help alleviate mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms in individuals suffering from long-COVID. The clinical trial included 60 participants, aged 52.8 years on average, who had been diagnosed with hypomagnesemia, vitamin D deficiency, and mild-to-moderate depression.

Participants were divided into two groups: one received magnesium chloride along with vitamin D, while the other group only received vitamin D. Over four months, we monitored the effectiveness of these supplements in reducing depressive symptoms, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale to measure changes.

Our results revealed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms for those taking both magnesium and vitamin D, with 73.2% of them reaching a positive outcome score on the BDI. In contrast, the control group, which received only vitamin D, showed a less dramatic improvement, suggesting that the combined treatment may offer more benefits for those struggling with depression related to long-COVID.

While both groups experienced some improvement, our findings indicate that magnesium plus vitamin D supplementation presents a promising option for individuals coping with depression in the wake of COVID-19.
7
Vitamin D3 may alleviate depression
We explored the impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on depression through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Our analysis included data from 31 studies involving nearly 24,200 participants.

The findings revealed that taking an additional 1000 IU of vitamin D daily can lead to a modest reduction in depressive symptoms. Specifically, those with existing depressive symptoms experienced a more significant improvement. Notably, at higher doses of 8000 IU per day, the reduction was even more pronounced.

Interestingly, the benefits were more evident in the short term, especially during trials that lasted between 8 and 24 weeks. After this period, the effects seemed to diminish, suggesting the need for ongoing supplementation to maintain benefits.

It's important to mention that vitamin D3 did not show any significant effects on anxiety symptoms. While the results indicate a potential role for vitamin D3 in reducing depression, further high-quality research is necessary to fully understand its impact, particularly regarding anxiety.
9.5
Cholecalciferol eases depression symptoms
We conducted a thorough exploration of how vitamin D3, or cholecalciferol, affects depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involved 70 participants who experienced both T2DM and depression. For 12 weeks, one group received a daily dose of 4000 IU of cholecalciferol, while the other group received a placebo.

By assessing depression levels using the Beck Depression Inventory-II before and after the study, we observed notable results. Not only did the cholecalciferol group report a significant reduction in depression scores, but we found a marked increase in C-peptide levels as well, which may be linked to improvements in mood.

However, we did not find significant changes in serotonin and neurotrophin-3 levels between the two groups, leaving us with some unanswered questions about these mechanisms. Overall, our findings suggest that supplementing with cholecalciferol could potentially relieve mild to moderate depressive symptoms for people managing T2DM, especially through enhanced C-peptide levels.

References

  1. Askarpour M, Hejazi N, Jahromi BN, Eskandari MH, Famouri M, et al. Effects of a Novel Fortified Dairy Product on the Psychological Status and Sleep Quality of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2025;30:37. doi:10.3746/pnf.2025.30.1.37
  2. Xu X, Jing F, Zhong H, Lin L, Gao T, et al. Synergistic impact of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and physical activity on incident depression: Evidence from prospective cohorts and genome-wide data. J Affect Disord. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.004
  3. Bostan ZZ, Şare Bulut M, Gezmen Karadağ M. Can Vıtamın D Reduce the Need for SSRI by Modulatıng Serotonın Synthesıs?: A Revıew of Recent Lıterature. Curr Nutr Rep. 2025;14:39. doi:10.1007/s13668-025-00630-7
  4. Yu C, Liu K, Yao W, Tang D. Associations between the intake of single and multiple dietary vitamins and depression risk among populations with chronic kidney disease. Front Nutr. 2025;12:1492829. doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1492829
  5. Chen IW, Wang WT, Lai YC, Chang YJ, Lin YT, et al. Association between vitamin D deficiency and major depression in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cohort study. Front Nutr. 2025;12:1540633. doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1540633
  6. Raza ML, Hassan ST, Jamil S, Fatima W, Fatima M. Nutritional interventions in depression: The role of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids in neuropsychiatric health. Clin Nutr. 2025;45:270. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.009
  7. Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F, Barragán-Zuñiga J, Gamboa-Gómez CI, Weyman-Vela Y, et al. Combined oral supplementation with magnesium plus vitamin D alleviates mild to moderate depressive symptoms related to long-COVID: an open-label randomized, controlled clinical trial. Magnes Res. 2024;37:49. doi:10.1684/mrh.2024.0535
  8. Yuan Y, Qu L, Sun Q, He P, Zhou X. The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Alpha Psychiatry. 2024;25:669. doi:10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241553
  9. Jiang R, Lu M, Hua Y, Hong Z. Association between serum vitamin D and depression among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2025;34:112. doi:10.6133/apjcn.202502_34(1).0011
  10. Putranto R, Setiati S, Nasrun MW, Witjaksono F, Immanuel S, et al. Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on depressive symptoms, C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Narra J. 2024;4:e1342. doi:10.52225/narra.v4i3.1342
  11. Ghaemi S, Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on depression: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychol Med. 2024;54:1. doi:10.1017/S0033291724001697
  12. Carnegie RE, Zheng J, Borges MC, Jones HJ, Wade KH, et al. Micronutrients and Major Depression: A Mendelian Randomisation Study. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16213690
  13. Centeno LOL, Fernandez MDS, Muniz FWMG, Longoni A, de Assis AM. Is Serum Vitamin D Associated with Depression or Anxiety in Ante- and Postnatal Adult Women? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16213648
  14. Karnopp TE, Chapacais GF, Gasparini ML, Dos Santos NG, Freitas VDS, et al. The role of vitamin D: a promising pathway to combat neuropsychiatric lupus disorders. Clin Exp Immunol. 2025;219. doi:10.1093/cei/uxae099
  15. Santos HGD, Longoni A, Trettim JP, Lemes IT, Menchaca JC, et al. Deficiency of vitamin D is associated with antenatal depression: A cross-sectional study. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2024. doi:10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0908
  16. Wu J, Jiang Y, Liang J, Zhou Y, Chai S, et al. Bidirectional causality between micronutrients and mental illness: Mendelian randomization studies. J Affect Disord. 2025;369:718. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.047
  17. Putranto R, Setiati S, Nasrun MW, Witjaksono F, Immanuel S, et al. Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on depressive symptoms, C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Narra J. 2024;4:e1342. doi:10.52225/narra.v4i3.1342
  18. Ghaemi S, Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on depression: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychol Med. 2024;54:1. doi:10.1017/S0033291724001697
  19. Alimohammadi-Kamalabadi M, Ziaei S, Hasani M, Mohammadi S, Mehrbod M, et al. Does vitamin D supplementation impact serotonin levels? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Sci Rep. 2024;7:e2276. doi:10.1002/hsr2.2276
  20. Satyanarayana PT, Suryanarayana R, Yesupatham ST, Varadapuram Ramalingareddy SR, Gopalli NA. Does Vitamin D3 Supplementation Improve Depression Scores among Rural Adolescents? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16121828
  21. Renteria KM, Constantine E, Teoh CM, Cooper A, Lozano N, et al. Combination of vitamin D and fructooligosaccharides upregulates colonic vitamin D receptor in C57BL/6J mice and affects anxiety-related behavior in a sex-specific manner. Nutr Res. 2024;125:16. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2024.02.003
  22. Wang C, Cui C, Xie X, Chen B, Feng L, et al. Calcitriol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors by suppressing the P2X7R/NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2024;241:1329. doi:10.1007/s00213-024-06565-1
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