Overview

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 29 Researches
7.4
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 5 Reviews
8
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Softgel
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol) (from Lanolin)
50 mcg (2,000 IU)
250%

Top Medical Research Studies

9
Vitamin D helps reduce migraines
We explored the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation for treating migraines. Our analysis focused on several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine how effective vitamin D could be in alleviating migraine symptoms.

Through our review, we included six RCTs involving 301 patients. The results were quite promising. Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the number of headache attacks per month and the number of headache days experienced by patients. Additionally, it improved the MIDAS score, which measures the impact of migraines on daily life.

However, it's important to note that vitamin D did not show a significant effect on how long migraine attacks lasted or the severity of the headaches. Overall, our findings suggest that while vitamin D might be beneficial for reducing certain migraine-related symptoms, it isn’t a miracle cure for everyone.
Read More
We explored the potential benefits of vitamin D3 supplementation for people suffering from migraines. In a carefully designed study, 80 individuals with episodic migraines participated in a 12-week trial where they were randomly assigned to receive either 2000 IU (50 μg) of vitamin D3 daily or a placebo.

Throughout the study, we closely monitored headache characteristics using diaries and measured various serum inflammatory markers before and after the trial. Our findings showed that those taking vitamin D3 experienced significant improvements. They reported fewer headache days each month, shorter headache durations, and less severe pain overall when compared to the placebo group.

Interestingly, while the levels of some inflammatory markers didn't change much, we did notice a striking reduction in a certain enzyme linked to inflammation in the vitamin D3 group. Additionally, there was a trend toward lower levels of another inflammation marker, suggesting that vitamin D3 might offer a protective effect against neuro-inflammation in migraine sufferers.

In essence, our study indicates that vitamin D3 could be a promising supplemental treatment to help improve the quality of life for those battling episodic migraines.
Read More
8
Vitamin D linked to lower migraines
We investigated how vitamin D levels in the body are related to the risk of experiencing migraines. Using a method called Mendelian randomization, we carefully examined data from a large group of over 400,000 individuals to identify genetic factors linked to vitamin D levels. We found a total of 184 genetic instruments to analyze the potential relationship.

The findings were intriguing: as vitamin D levels increase, the risk of migraines appears to decrease. This association was confirmed through multiple datasets, showing that higher vitamin D is associated with a reduced likelihood of having migraines. The results were consistent not just for general migraine types but also for specific subtypes, such as migraines with and without aura.

Interestingly, while we checked for potential mediators like serum calcium, the contribution of calcium to this relationship was minimal. Our research suggests that low vitamin D levels could be a concern for migraine sufferers, and it highlighted the need for further well-designed studies. We recommend that future research explore the effects of vitamin D supplementation, especially for those who may be deficient in this important nutrient.
Read More

Most Useful Reviews

2.5
Increased migraine intensity
Be cautious with this Vitamin D; the dosage is high and may not suit everyone. After starting, I experienced more intense and longer-lasting migraines. However, the capsules are small and easy to swallow. After stopping, my urinary salts returned to normal.
Read More
9.5
No more migraines
Now Foods offers an excellent product. I adore Vitamin D3, especially as I rarely go out, even pre-pandemic. I used to suffer from migraines, but since taking these capsules, I no longer experience headaches or joint pain. My sleep has significantly improved.
Read More
8.8
Easier migraine relief
I take this regularly on my doctor's recommendation. It helps me wake up more easily and feel more cheerful during the day. I have chronic migraines, and my doctor prescribed it as maintenance therapy. It has made things easier.
Read More

Medical Researches

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 29 Researches
7.4
  • All Researches
We conducted a thorough investigation into the effectiveness of simvastatin paired with vitamin D3 for preventing migraines in adults with episodic migraine. Our study was a well-structured randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 57 participants over a span of 24 weeks.

Participants were divided into two groups: one receiving simvastatin and vitamin D3, while the other received placebos. Throughout the trial, we observed that those taking the combination of simvastatin and vitamin D3 experienced a significant reduction in the number of migraine days when compared to those on placebos. Specifically, during the first 12 weeks, participants on the active regimen reported a decrease of 8.0 migraine days, whereas those on placebos noted an increase of 1.0 migraine days.

By the end of the 24-week period, an impressive 29% of participants taking the medication reported a 50% or more reduction in their migraine days. In contrast, only 3% of those taking the placebo experienced similar relief. Interestingly, we found that the occurrence of adverse events was similar in both groups, indicating that the combination therapy was generally well-tolerated.

Our findings showcase the potential benefits of using simvastatin alongside vitamin D3 as an effective strategy for managing migraines, while also addressing some underlying health risks associated with migraines, such as vascular issues.
Read More
We aimed to understand how vitamin D impacts migraine headaches in children. Through a thorough review of existing literature, we explored the significant association between serum vitamin D levels and the frequency and duration of migraine episodes in the pediatric population.

Our findings suggest that children with migraines might benefit from vitamin D supplementation. By potentially reducing the number and intensity of migraine episodes, vitamin D could improve the overall quality of life for these young patients.

It's important to note that this connection primarily focuses on children, as most studies have looked at adults. With vitamin D deficiency being a growing public health concern, our research highlights how addressing this deficiency may serve as a helpful strategy in managing pediatric migraines.
Read More
We conducted a study to investigate whether adding vitamin D supplements to topiramate therapy would improve migraine outcomes in children aged 5 to 14. In our double-blinded clinical trial, we randomly assigned participants to receive either topiramate with a daily 5000-IU vitamin D supplement or topiramate with a placebo for four months. By evaluating changes in headache frequency, severity, disability, and overall response to treatment, we aimed to see if vitamin D could provide additional benefits.

Our findings were quite promising. The children receiving the vitamin D supplement had a significant reduction in the number of headaches they experienced each month compared to those on placebo. Additionally, the vitamin D group reported less disability due to migraines and a higher percentage of positive treatment responses. Specifically, about 76% of children in the vitamin D group showed a good response, compared to just over 53% in the placebo group.

Safety was assessed as well, with side effects occurring in 13.3% of the vitamin D group and 20% in the placebo group, indicating that vitamin D was well-tolerated. Overall, we believe that combining vitamin D with topiramate represents a safe and potentially effective approach to managing pediatric migraines.
Read More
9
Vitamin D helps reduce migraines
We explored the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation for treating migraines. Our analysis focused on several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine how effective vitamin D could be in alleviating migraine symptoms.

Through our review, we included six RCTs involving 301 patients. The results were quite promising. Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the number of headache attacks per month and the number of headache days experienced by patients. Additionally, it improved the MIDAS score, which measures the impact of migraines on daily life.

However, it's important to note that vitamin D did not show a significant effect on how long migraine attacks lasted or the severity of the headaches. Overall, our findings suggest that while vitamin D might be beneficial for reducing certain migraine-related symptoms, it isn’t a miracle cure for everyone.
Read More
We conducted a study to evaluate how vitamin D supplementation affects migraine relief in children aged 5 to 14 who are also taking topiramate, a common migraine medication. Our trial involved a double-blind design, where participants were randomly assigned to either receive vitamin D or a placebo alongside their topiramate treatment for four months.

The results were promising. Children who took vitamin D showed a significant decrease in the monthly frequency of their headaches and a lowered disability score related to migraines compared to those who received the placebo. Notably, about 76% of the kids in the vitamin D group reported a good response to the treatment, while only 53.5% in the placebo group did.

We also found that the side effects of both treatments were minimal and similar, indicating that vitamin D supplementation is generally well-tolerated. These findings suggest that adding vitamin D to topiramate can be an effective and safe strategy for managing migraines in young patients.
Read More

User Reviews

USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 5 Reviews
8
  • All Reviews
  • Positive Reviews
  • Negative Reviews
2.5
Increased migraine intensity
Be cautious with this Vitamin D; the dosage is high and may not suit everyone. After starting, I experienced more intense and longer-lasting migraines. However, the capsules are small and easy to swallow. After stopping, my urinary salts returned to normal.
Read More
9.5
No more migraines
Now Foods offers an excellent product. I adore Vitamin D3, especially as I rarely go out, even pre-pandemic. I used to suffer from migraines, but since taking these capsules, I no longer experience headaches or joint pain. My sleep has significantly improved.
Read More
8.8
Easier migraine relief
I take this regularly on my doctor's recommendation. It helps me wake up more easily and feel more cheerful during the day. I have chronic migraines, and my doctor prescribed it as maintenance therapy. It has made things easier.
Read More
7.5
Reduced migraines
I suffered from migraine headaches, but since taking this product, I've needed fewer painkillers. If you have migraines, I recommend giving it a try.
Read More
7.5
Migraine improvement
As advised by my doctor, I take this product daily due to my long-term migraines, which were linked to a Vitamin D deficiency. I have been taking it every morning and will certainly purchase it again.
Read More

Frequently Asked Questions

Migraine is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent and often debilitating headaches, typically accompanied by a variety of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and heightened sensitivity to light and sound. These headaches can be pulsing or throbbing in nature and are usually localized to one side of the head, although they can occur on both sides. Migraines can last anywhere from a few hours to several days and can significantly interfere with daily activities. Many individuals also experience an "aura," which can include visual disturbances like flashing lights or blind spots, as a precursor to the actual headache.

While the exact cause of migraines is not fully understood, they are thought to be linked to changes in brain activity and environmental factors, along with genetics. Various triggers can precipitate a migraine attack, including stress, hormonal changes, certain foods, and sleep disturbances. Treatment options vary and can include prescription medications, over-the-counter pain relief, lifestyle changes, and preventive strategies. If you suffer from migraines, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional to develop a tailored management plan suited to your symptoms and needs.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that's essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth, supporting immune system function, and facilitating normal cell growth and development. It plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the gut, which is vital for bone health. Unlike most vitamins, our bodies can produce Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, specifically UVB rays, which is why it’s often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin." However, depending on your geographical location, lifestyle, and skin type, getting sufficient Vitamin D from the sun alone can be challenging, particularly during the winter months.

In addition to sunlight, Vitamin D can be obtained from certain foods such as fatty fish (like salmon and mackerel), fish liver oils, and fortified foods like milk and cereals. Some individuals may also consider supplements, especially if they're at risk for deficiency. Insufficient vitamin D levels are linked to various health issues, including rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, and even an increased risk of chronic diseases. Regularly checking your vitamin D levels and consulting with a healthcare professional can help ensure you're meeting your needs for optimal health.

Vitamin D has been the subject of various studies exploring its potential role in migraine management. While some research suggests that individuals with migraines may have lower levels of Vitamin D, the evidence linking Vitamin D supplementation directly to migraine prevention or relief is still inconclusive. Some small studies have indicated that high doses of Vitamin D might help reduce the frequency or severity of migraine attacks for certain individuals, especially those who are deficient in the vitamin. However, these findings are not yet definitive enough to establish Vitamin D as a standard treatment for migraines.

For those considering Vitamin D supplementation as a potential approach to managing migraines, it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider first. They can recommend appropriate testing to determine if you have a deficiency and suggest a suitable dosage if needed. Additionally, a comprehensive migraine management plan should include other lifestyle and dietary modifications, as well as appropriate medications, rather than relying solely on vitamin supplementation. Remember, more research is needed, and staying informed about the latest studies can guide your approach to managing migraines effectively.

Based on user reviews, the time frame for seeing results from the Vitamin D supplement for migraines can vary. Several users report positive changes in their migraine symptoms relatively quickly after starting the supplement. One user noted needing fewer painkillers after incorporating the product into their routine, suggesting improvements in their migraine condition soon after introduction (Read Review). Another user, under doctor's guidance, mentioned feeling better and experiencing fewer migraine episodes as part of their long-term management strategy (Read Review).

However, individual responses can vary significantly. One reviewer cautioned about experiencing more intense migraines after starting the supplement, indicating that results are not uniform and might take time for some individuals (Read Review). Overall, while many users report positive outcomes, the time required to experience beneficial effects can range from immediate to a longer-term adjustment period, highlighting the importance of consulting with a healthcare provider for personalized advice.

Recent research indicates that vitamin D supplementation may hold promise for individuals suffering from migraines. A systematic review and meta-analysis of twenty-two trials found that participants who took vitamin D experienced a significant reduction in both migraine frequency and the number of monthly migraine days compared to those who received a placebo [3]. Furthermore, a study involving over 9,100 participants revealed a clear correlation between lower serum vitamin D levels and increased migraine prevalence, suggesting that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may help alleviate migraine symptoms [2].

Various studies have explored different demographics, including pediatric patients, where vitamin D supplementation demonstrated significant benefits in reducing headache frequency and improving overall treatment responses when combined with other migraine medications [17]. While the evidence appears promising, it's also important to note that not all studies uniformly endorse vitamin D as a comprehensive treatment for migraines; some findings suggest that vitamin D may not significantly influence migraine severity or duration [1]. Overall, vitamin D supplementation seems to be a worthwhile consideration for individuals experiencing migraines, but as always, consulting with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment regimen is crucial.

Users have reported a range of improvements in their symptoms after incorporating Vitamin D supplements into their routines. Several individuals experiencing migraines noted significant relief; one user mentioned they no longer suffered from headaches or joint pain since starting the supplement (Read Review). Another user specifically highlighted the reduction in their need for painkillers, indicating that the supplement made their migraine condition more manageable (Read Review). Additionally, another respondent, under the guidance of their doctor, experienced a general uplift in their mood and an easier wake-up routine, contributing to an overall positive impact on their chronic migraines (Read Review).

However, it's essential to recognize that individual results can vary significantly. One reviewer cautioned against potential adverse effects, noting an increase in the intensity of their migraines after beginning the supplement (Read Review). This underscores the importance of speaking with a healthcare provider to tailor any supplement regimen to your unique health needs.

Users report mixed experiences when combining this Vitamin D supplement with their regular routines for managing migraines. Several reviewers noted significant improvements and relief from their migraine symptoms after incorporating the product. One user specifically mentioned that since starting the supplement, they no longer suffer from headaches or joint pain, suggesting that the product had a positive impact on their overall well-being (Read Review). Another individual, under their doctor’s recommendation, found that it helped manage their chronic migraines more effectively, allowing for easier mornings and enhanced mood (Read Review). Furthermore, one user reported a reduced need for painkillers since beginning the supplement, further indicating its potential benefits for migraine sufferers (Read Review).

However, caution is advised, as some users have experienced adverse effects. One reviewer highlighted that after starting the supplement, they faced more intense and longer-lasting migraines, warning others to be mindful of the dosage (Read Review). This reinforces the variability in individual responses to supplementation and stresses the importance of consulting a healthcare professional to tailor an approach that meets personal health needs.

Based on recent research findings, the optimal dose of Vitamin D for treating migraines appears to be around 2000 IU (50 μg) to 5000 IU per day. Studies have suggested that such doses may significantly reduce the frequency of migraine attacks. For instance, in a clinical trial examining Vitamin D3 supplementation, participants who received 2000 IU daily reported fewer headache days compared to those on a placebo [23]. Moreover, a study focusing on children found that a daily dose of 5000 IU combined with topiramate therapy achieved a notable reduction in migraine frequency and severity [17].

Interestingly, other research indicates that every 5 ng/mL increase in serum Vitamin D levels correlates with a 22% reduction in migraine incidents [11]. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining adequate Vitamin D levels, as lower levels have been consistently associated with increased migraine frequency. While individual responses may vary, and more high-quality trials are needed to establish firm guidelines, targeting these dosages could provide an effective avenue for those suffering from migraines seeking relief.

7.5
Reduced migraines
I suffered from migraine headaches, but since taking this product, I've needed fewer painkillers. If you have migraines, I recommend giving it a try.
7.5
Migraine improvement
As advised by my doctor, I take this product daily due to my long-term migraines, which were linked to a Vitamin D deficiency. I have been taking it every morning and will certainly purchase it again.
2.5
Increased migraine intensity
Be cautious with this Vitamin D; the dosage is high and may not suit everyone. After starting, I experienced more intense and longer-lasting migraines. However, the capsules are small and easy to swallow. After stopping, my urinary salts returned to normal.
9.5
No more migraines
Now Foods offers an excellent product. I adore Vitamin D3, especially as I rarely go out, even pre-pandemic. I used to suffer from migraines, but since taking these capsules, I no longer experience headaches or joint pain. My sleep has significantly improved.
8.8
Easier migraine relief
I take this regularly on my doctor's recommendation. It helps me wake up more easily and feel more cheerful during the day. I have chronic migraines, and my doctor prescribed it as maintenance therapy. It has made things easier.
7
Vitamin D may reduce migraines
We examined how vitamin D affects migraines, drawing from a systematic review and meta-analysis of various dietary supplements. The study brought together evidence from twenty-two trials, focusing on significant outcomes like the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.

Specifically, vitamin D supplementation showed notable benefits. Participants who took vitamin D had a reduction in migraine frequency and the number of monthly migraine days compared to those who received a placebo. This indicates that vitamin D might play a role in alleviating migraines effectively.

Overall, the results suggest that while vitamin D treatment can be beneficial for migraine sufferers, there's still a call for further high-quality clinical trials to solidify our understanding and confirm these findings.
7
Vitamin D linked to migraine relief
Our exploration into the connection between vitamin D levels and migraine prevalence drew on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey involving over 9,100 participants. The study specifically examined the concentration of vitamin D in the blood and how it relates to self-reported migraine experiences.

We observed that 20.53% of participants reported suffering from migraines, with a clear trend showing that those with lower levels of serum vitamin D tended to experience migraines more frequently. Interestingly, individuals in the highest vitamin D quartile reported a 16% lower incidence of migraines compared to those in the lowest quartile. This finding suggests that sufficient levels of vitamin D might play a role in reducing migraine frequency.

Overall, our analysis indicates a significant negative correlation between serum vitamin D levels and migraine prevalence among American adults. While the precise mechanisms behind this relationship warrant further investigation, our study provides valuable insights into how maintaining adequate vitamin D levels could potentially alleviate migraine symptoms for some individuals.
We conducted a study to evaluate how vitamin D supplementation affects migraine relief in children aged 5 to 14 who are also taking topiramate, a common migraine medication. Our trial involved a double-blind design, where participants were randomly assigned to either receive vitamin D or a placebo alongside their topiramate treatment for four months.

The results were promising. Children who took vitamin D showed a significant decrease in the monthly frequency of their headaches and a lowered disability score related to migraines compared to those who received the placebo. Notably, about 76% of the kids in the vitamin D group reported a good response to the treatment, while only 53.5% in the placebo group did.

We also found that the side effects of both treatments were minimal and similar, indicating that vitamin D supplementation is generally well-tolerated. These findings suggest that adding vitamin D to topiramate can be an effective and safe strategy for managing migraines in young patients.
We explored the potential benefits of vitamin D3 supplementation for people suffering from migraines. In a carefully designed study, 80 individuals with episodic migraines participated in a 12-week trial where they were randomly assigned to receive either 2000 IU (50 μg) of vitamin D3 daily or a placebo.

Throughout the study, we closely monitored headache characteristics using diaries and measured various serum inflammatory markers before and after the trial. Our findings showed that those taking vitamin D3 experienced significant improvements. They reported fewer headache days each month, shorter headache durations, and less severe pain overall when compared to the placebo group.

Interestingly, while the levels of some inflammatory markers didn't change much, we did notice a striking reduction in a certain enzyme linked to inflammation in the vitamin D3 group. Additionally, there was a trend toward lower levels of another inflammation marker, suggesting that vitamin D3 might offer a protective effect against neuro-inflammation in migraine sufferers.

In essence, our study indicates that vitamin D3 could be a promising supplemental treatment to help improve the quality of life for those battling episodic migraines.
We examined how vitamin D can influence migraine headaches, a complex and often debilitating condition affecting millions. Recent findings have highlighted that vitamin D might play a role in reducing migraine occurrences. Specifically, it was noted that for every 5 ng/ml increase in serum vitamin D levels, there was a reported 22% reduction in migraine incidents.

While we didn’t dive into the specific study designs, this information suggests that adequate vitamin D levels are worth considering in the broader conversation about migraine management. Supplementation with vitamin D, along with other nutrients such as magnesium and Coenzyme Q10, could be a promising option for those seeking preventive measures against migraine attacks.

Overall, this insight offers a light of hope for migraine sufferers, presenting vitamin D not just as a vitamin but as a potential ally in overcoming headaches. It’s a reminder of the essential role that proper nutrition and supplementation can play in managing health challenges.

References

  1. Akif Özdemir FM, Çelik H. Assessment of Micronutrient Levels in Pediatric Migraine Patients. J Child Neurol. 2025. doi:10.1177/08830738241304868
  2. Hao S, Qian R, Chen Y, Liu J, Xu X, et al. Association between serum vitamin D and severe headache or migraine: A population-based analysis. PLoS One. 2025;20:e0313082. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0313082
  3. Talandashti MK, Shahinfar H, Delgarm P, Jazayeri S. Effects of selected dietary supplements on migraine prophylaxis: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Neurol Sci. 2025;46:651. doi:10.1007/s10072-024-07794-0
  4. Tirani SA, Khorvash F, Saneei P, Moradmand Z, Askari G. Effects of probiotic and vitamin D co-supplementation on clinical symptoms, mental health, and inflammation in adult patients with migraine headache: a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Med. 2024;22:457. doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03684-6
  5. Papasavva M, Vikelis M, Siokas V, Katsarou MS, Dermitzakis EV, et al. Genetic Variability in Vitamin D Receptor and Migraine Susceptibility: A Southeastern European Case-Control Study. Neurol Int. 2023;15:1117. doi:10.3390/neurolint15030069
  6. Ioannidou E, Tsakiris C, Goulis DG, Christoforidis A, Zafeiriou D. The association of serum vitamin D concentrations in paediatric migraine. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2023;47:60. doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2023.09.007
  7. Das S, Roy A, Behera SK, Selvarajan S, Kamalanathan S, et al. Effects of Vitamin D on Migraine: A Meta-Analysis. Neurol India. 2023;71:655. doi:10.4103/0028-3886.383862
  8. Alipouri M, Amiri E, Hoseini R, Hezarkhani LA. Effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and vitamin D supplementation on psychiatric comorbidities in men with migraine and vitamin D insufficiency: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Affect Disord. 2023;334:12. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.108
  9. Niu PP, Wang X, Xu YM. Higher Circulating Vitamin D Levels Are Associated With Decreased Migraine Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Nutr. 2022;9:907789. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.907789
  10. Kotb Elmala M, Suliman HA, Al-Shokary AH, Ibrahim AO, Kamal NM, et al. The Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation to Topiramate Therapy on Pediatric Migraine Prophylaxis. J Child Neurol. 2022;37:833. doi:10.1177/08830738221092882
  11. Ariyanfar S, Razeghi Jahromi S, Togha M, Ghorbani Z. Review on Headache Related to Dietary Supplements. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2022;26:193. doi:10.1007/s11916-022-01019-9
  12. Canpolat M, Topcu A, Kardas F, Ipekten F, Per H, et al. An assessment of the relation between vitamin D levels and electroencephalogram (EEG) changes in migraine patients. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2022;123:92. doi:10.4149/BLL_2022_014
  13. Bahrampour N, Mirzababaei A, Yarizadeh H, Barekzai AM, Khorsha F, et al. The relationship between dietary nutrients patterns and intensity and duration of migraine headaches. Br J Nutr. 2022. doi:10.1017/S0007114522000046
  14. Hu C, Fan Y, Wu S, Zou Y, Qu X. Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of migraine: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;50:784. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2021.07.062
  15. Sun S, Liu C, Jia Y, Wu J, Li H, et al. Association Between Migraine Complicated With Restless Legs Syndrome and Vitamin D. Front Neurol. 2021;12:777721. doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.777721
  16. Ghorbani Z, Rafiee P, Haghighi S, Razeghi Jahromi S, Djalali M, et al. The effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on TGF-β and IL-17 serum levels in migraineurs: post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2021;7:9. doi:10.1186/s40780-021-00192-0
  17. Kotb Elmala M, Suliman HA, Al-Shokary AH, Ibrahim AO, Kamal NM, et al. The Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation to Topiramate Therapy on Pediatric Migraine Prophylaxis. J Child Neurol. 2022;37:833. doi:10.1177/08830738221092882
  18. Ghorbani Z, Rafiee P, Haghighi S, Razeghi Jahromi S, Djalali M, et al. The effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on TGF-β and IL-17 serum levels in migraineurs: post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2021;7:9. doi:10.1186/s40780-021-00192-0
  19. Fallah R, Sarraf Yazd S, Sohrevardi SM. Efficacy of Topiramate Alone and Topiramate Plus Vitamin D3 in the Prophylaxis of Pediatric Migraine: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Iran J Child Neurol. 2020;14:77.
  20. Liampas I, Siokas V, Brotis A, Dardiotis E. Vitamin D serum levels in patients with migraine: A meta-analysis. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2020;176:560. doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2019.12.008
  21. Ghorbani Z, Rafiee P, Fotouhi A, Haghighi S, Rasekh Magham R, et al. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on interictal serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in episodic migraine patients: post hoc analysis of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Headache Pain. 2020;21:22. doi:10.1186/s10194-020-01090-w
  22. Nowaczewska M, Wiciński M, Osiński S, Kaźmierczak H. The Role of Vitamin D in Primary Headache-from Potential Mechanism to Treatment. Nutrients. 2020;12. doi:10.3390/nu12010243
  23. Ghorbani Z, Togha M, Rafiee P, Ahmadi ZS, Rasekh Magham R, et al. Vitamin D3 might improve headache characteristics and protect against inflammation in migraine: a randomized clinical trial. Neurol Sci. 2020;41:1183. doi:10.1007/s10072-019-04220-8
  24. Ghorbani Z, Togha M, Rafiee P, Ahmadi ZS, Rasekh Magham R, et al. Vitamin D in migraine headache: a comprehensive review on literature. Neurol Sci. 2019;40:2459. doi:10.1007/s10072-019-04021-z
  25. Gallelli L, Michniewicz A, Cione E, Squillace A, Colosimo M, et al. 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Detection Using Different Analytic Methods in Patients with Migraine. J Clin Med. 2019;8. doi:10.3390/jcm8060895
  26. Gazerani P, Fuglsang R, Pedersen JG, Sørensen J, Kjeldsen JL, et al. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel trial of vitamin D supplementation in adult patients with migraine. Curr Med Res Opin. 2019;35:715. doi:10.1080/03007995.2018.1519503
  27. Buettner C, Nir RR, Bertisch SM, Bernstein C, Schain A, et al. Simvastatin and vitamin D for migraine prevention: A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Neurol. 2015;78:970. doi:10.1002/ana.24534
  28. Laursen JC, Cairns BE, Kumar U, Somvanshi RK, Dong XD, et al. Nitric oxide release from trigeminal satellite glial cells is attenuated by glial modulators and glutamate. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2013;5:228.
  29. Thys-Jacobs S. Vitamin D and calcium in menstrual migraine. Headache. 1994;34:544.
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