Overview

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Moderately Effective
Based on 24 Researches
8
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 52 Reviews
8.7
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Softgel
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol) (from Lanolin)
50 mcg (2,000 IU)
250%

Top Medical Research Studies

We aimed to understand how vitamin D influences bone health and helps combat osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones. In our study, we used various mouse models, including those that mimic a deficiency in active vitamin D. Through a range of advanced methods, we assessed how changes in vitamin D levels affected bone structure and metabolism.

The research revealed that insufficient vitamin D led to a drop in Sirt1, a gene that plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density. This lack of Sirt1 resulted in increased bone loss. However, when we boosted Sirt1 levels in bone stem cells, we observed a reversal in bone loss. This improvement happened because higher Sirt1 levels reduced oxidative stress, slowed down aging processes in bone cells, and enhanced new bone formation while curbing bone resorption.

Additionally, our findings indicated that vitamin D directly stimulates Sirt1 expression in these stem cells, which is vital for bone health. We also explored the effects of resveratrol, a natural compound known for activating Sirt1, and found it helped alleviate osteoporosis symptoms linked to vitamin D deficiency by enhancing the relationship between Sirt1 and another protein called PGC1α, which supports bone formation and energy metabolism.

This research underscores the importance of the vitamin D-Sirt1/PGC1α axis in bone metabolism, providing insight into how vitamin D can serve as a target for osteoporosis prevention and treatment.
Read More
We explored the effects of vitamin D supplementation on osteoporosis, especially among individuals at risk for this condition. The Osteoporosis Research and Information Group (GRIO) highlighted the critical difference between daily and intermittent vitamin D dosing.

Current literature indicates that taking high doses of vitamin D intermittently, such as 60,000 IU a month, can actually elevate the chances of falls, fractures, and even premature death in some groups. Conversely, daily supplementation of 800-1000 IU, particularly alongside calcium, has been shown to reduce falls and non-vertebral fractures in the elderly who have a vitamin D deficiency.

Before anyone starts supplementing, it is crucial to measure their vitamin D levels to achieve a target concentration of 30 to 60 ng/mL. For those needing a quick boost in vitamin D levels—like patients showing symptoms of osteomalacia or those with critically low vitamin D—a starting loading dose followed by daily maintenance is the preferred approach. If daily options aren’t available, of course, a smaller intermittent dose can be a temporary solution until better options are accessible.
Read More
9
Probiotic support for osteoporosis treatment
We explored how a specific probiotic strain, FSHHK13M1, affects vitamin D metabolism and osteoporosis in mice. Previous research pointed out that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in vitamin D metabolism, which is especially relevant for older adults who tend to suffer from osteoporosis due to declining organ functions.

Our study demonstrated that treating the mice with FSHHK13M1 led to a significant increase in their serum levels of active vitamin D metabolites, particularly 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D. This increase was linked to activation of important bone health pathways, helping to fortify bone structure and function.

Not only did we observe improvements in vitamin D levels, but the intervention also restored balance in the gut microbiota, which showed signs of imbalance in mice suffering from osteoporosis. The findings suggest that FSHHK13M1 could be a promising direction for improving bone health and reducing fracture risks in the elderly by enhancing vitamin D levels naturally.

Overall, this research highlights the potential of combining probiotics with vitamin D strategies for better management of osteoporosis, especially in older populations who often face challenges absorbing conventional treatments.
Read More

Most Useful Reviews

9.5
Supports healthy bones
We take vitamin D3 as a family. It is essential for preventing osteoporotic changes and supports growth, immunity, and other bodily functions. It's particularly important given the current health climate with Covid.
Read More
9.5
Bone health assurance
NOW Foods Vitamin D3 2000 IU is an excellent choice, as it helps mineral absorption vital for preventing osteoporosis. It also plays a role in skin health and immune function, making it a necessary supplement for all ages.
Read More
9.5
Enhanced wellness achieved
Vitamin D3, known as the "sunshine vitamin," is crucial for health. With a high quality of 5000 IU cholecalciferol D3, it regulates calcium metabolism necessary for strong bones. It supports immune and cardiovascular health while addressing vitamin D deficiencies prevalent among Americans. This supplement enhances overall wellness and energy, while also preventing osteoporosis.
Read More

Medical Researches

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Moderately Effective
Based on 24 Researches
8
  • All Researches
We looked into the effects of vitamin D3 on osteoporosis management, particularly in relation to glucocorticoid-induced complications. In a recent case involving an 85-year-old patient with IgG4-related disease, vitamin D3 was used alongside prednisone and azathioprine. The goal was to prevent bone density loss often seen with steroid treatments.

Our focus on this case revealed that vitamin D3 played an essential role in supporting the patient’s bone health. This addition helped mitigate some side effects of long-term steroid use, specifically protecting against osteoporosis, while the patient experienced significant improvements in their orbital symptoms.

Over the course of treatment, the patient showed remarkable recovery in just 24 hours, along with a complete resolution of issues related to their eye condition over the following year. While direct data on vitamin D3's standalone effectiveness isn't highlighted, its use in this context underscores a possible beneficial role in osteoporosis prevention when combined with corticosteroids.
Read More
9
Probiotic support for osteoporosis treatment
We explored how a specific probiotic strain, FSHHK13M1, affects vitamin D metabolism and osteoporosis in mice. Previous research pointed out that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in vitamin D metabolism, which is especially relevant for older adults who tend to suffer from osteoporosis due to declining organ functions.

Our study demonstrated that treating the mice with FSHHK13M1 led to a significant increase in their serum levels of active vitamin D metabolites, particularly 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D. This increase was linked to activation of important bone health pathways, helping to fortify bone structure and function.

Not only did we observe improvements in vitamin D levels, but the intervention also restored balance in the gut microbiota, which showed signs of imbalance in mice suffering from osteoporosis. The findings suggest that FSHHK13M1 could be a promising direction for improving bone health and reducing fracture risks in the elderly by enhancing vitamin D levels naturally.

Overall, this research highlights the potential of combining probiotics with vitamin D strategies for better management of osteoporosis, especially in older populations who often face challenges absorbing conventional treatments.
Read More
9
Vitamin D derivatives enhance bone health
We looked into the potential effects of vitamin D3, particularly its derivatives, on osteoporosis. Recent research highlights how modifications to the A-ring of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can enhance its binding to the vitamin D receptor. This change not only boosts the vitamin's effectiveness but also helps it resist breakdown in the body, making it stay active for longer periods.

One standout example is a derivative known as AH-1, which demonstrated significant benefits for bone health in an osteoporosis model using ovariectomized rats. When given at a low dosage, AH-1 outperformed natural vitamin D, suggesting a promising path for improving osteoporosis treatment.

We also noted that while traditional vitamin D has its benefits, these newly developed analogs could lead to treatments that target osteoporosis more effectively, providing options without the side effects commonly associated with vitamin D therapy. This research emphasizes the importance of vitamin D derivatives as we seek better solutions for managing bone health.
Read More
9
Vitamin D3 improves bone health
We explored how Nano Vitamin D3 influences osteoporosis, particularly in the context of treatments involving anastrozole, a medication often used in cancer therapy. In our study, we observed the effects of Nano Vitamin D3 compared to selenium nanoparticles in female albino rats.

The research involved categorizing 28 rats into four groups, with one group receiving just anastrozole, while the other groups were treated with either selenium nanoparticles or Nano Vitamin D3 alongside anastrozole. After four weeks of treatment, we looked closely at the rats' mandibular bones to see how these treatments affected bone health.

Our findings indicated that both Selenium nanoparticles and Nano Vitamin D3 showed improvements in bone structure and cell health compared to the animals taking only anastrozole. The rats in the treatment groups demonstrated more newly formed collagen and healthier osteoblasts—cells that play a crucial role in bone formation. While we focused heavily on comparing these two approaches to therapy, the results confirmed that using Nano Vitamin D3 can be beneficial for combating osteoporosis exacerbated by anastrozole.
Read More
9
Vitamin D3 boosts childhood bone health
We investigated the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy on offspring's bone mineral density (BMD) as they grow. In the MAVIDOS study, pregnant women with low levels of vitamin D were given either a daily dose of 1000 IU of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) or a placebo from their second trimester until delivery.

After the children reached ages 6 to 7, we assessed their bone health using advanced scanning techniques. The results revealed that those children whose mothers had received vitamin D3 supplementation exhibited higher BMD compared to those whose mothers received the placebo. This suggests that supplementing pregnant women with vitamin D3 could be a valuable public health strategy for improving bone health in children.

Even though this study focused on childhood, it reflects broader implications for how vitamin D3 might help in preventing conditions like osteoporosis later in life.
Read More

User Reviews

USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 52 Reviews
8.7
  • All Reviews
  • Positive Reviews
  • Negative Reviews
9.5
Supports healthy bones
We take vitamin D3 as a family. It is essential for preventing osteoporotic changes and supports growth, immunity, and other bodily functions. It's particularly important given the current health climate with Covid.
Read More
9.5
Bone health assurance
NOW Foods Vitamin D3 2000 IU is an excellent choice, as it helps mineral absorption vital for preventing osteoporosis. It also plays a role in skin health and immune function, making it a necessary supplement for all ages.
Read More
9.5
Enhanced wellness achieved
Vitamin D3, known as the "sunshine vitamin," is crucial for health. With a high quality of 5000 IU cholecalciferol D3, it regulates calcium metabolism necessary for strong bones. It supports immune and cardiovascular health while addressing vitamin D deficiencies prevalent among Americans. This supplement enhances overall wellness and energy, while also preventing osteoporosis.
Read More
9.5
Multiple health benefits
The optimal dose of vitamin D maintains immunity levels and is crucial for bone health. A deficiency can lead to various health issues, including osteoporosis. After taking a high dose, my levels rose significantly. I recommend it to almost everyone for their first aid kits.
Read More
9.5
Increased bone density
A must-have for mothers with osteoporosis. Since my mother was diagnosed, I gave her this supplement and took it daily. A few months later, my bone density was measured; it had increased despite my previously weak hip bone. The doctor noted improvements. I also started taking vitamin D and multivitamins daily.
Read More

Frequently Asked Questions

Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures. This condition occurs when the body loses too much bone mass, doesn't make enough bone, or a combination of both. As bones lose density, they can break more easily, often as a result of minor falls or injury. Osteoporosis is often referred to as a "silent disease" because bone loss occurs without any symptoms until a fracture occurs, often in the hip, spine, or wrist.

Risk factors for developing osteoporosis include age, gender (it’s more common in women), family history, low body weight, and certain medical conditions and medications. Lifestyle choices such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a diet low in calcium and vitamin D can also contribute to bone loss. Regular weight-bearing exercise, ensuring adequate nutrition, and, in some cases, medications can help prevent or manage osteoporosis. If you believe you may be at risk, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate screening and intervention options.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that's essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth, supporting immune system function, and facilitating normal cell growth and development. It plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the gut, which is vital for bone health. Unlike most vitamins, our bodies can produce Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, specifically UVB rays, which is why it’s often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin." However, depending on your geographical location, lifestyle, and skin type, getting sufficient Vitamin D from the sun alone can be challenging, particularly during the winter months.

In addition to sunlight, Vitamin D can be obtained from certain foods such as fatty fish (like salmon and mackerel), fish liver oils, and fortified foods like milk and cereals. Some individuals may also consider supplements, especially if they're at risk for deficiency. Insufficient vitamin D levels are linked to various health issues, including rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, and even an increased risk of chronic diseases. Regularly checking your vitamin D levels and consulting with a healthcare professional can help ensure you're meeting your needs for optimal health.

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone health, and its connection to osteoporosis is well-documented. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, making individuals more susceptible to fractures. Adequate levels of vitamin D are essential for the body to absorb calcium, which is vital for maintaining bone density and strength. When vitamin D levels are low, the body cannot effectively use calcium, potentially leading to a decrease in bone mass and an increased risk of osteoporosis.

Several studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation can have a positive impact on bone health, particularly in older adults who are more prone to osteoporosis. While vitamin D alone is not a standalone treatment for osteoporosis, it is typically recommended alongside calcium and other lifestyle changes, such as weight-bearing exercise, to help mitigate the risk of bone loss. If you are concerned about osteoporosis or your vitamin D levels, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional who can provide personalized recommendations based on your specific needs and health status.

Based on user reviews, the time it takes to see results from vitamin D supplementation for osteoporosis varies considerably among individuals. Some users report positive changes, such as improved bone density and overall health, within a few months of consistent use. For instance, one reviewer mentioned that after a few months of administering vitamin D to their mother, a bone density measurement revealed an increase in bone strength, as noted by her doctor (Read Review). Additionally, another user mentioned seeing improved treatment results for osteoporosis in just over a year of taking vitamin D (Read Review).

It's worth noting that individual results can vary based on factors such as dosage, consistency of intake, and specific health conditions. While some users may notice improvements relatively quickly, others may take longer to see significant changes, suggesting a need for patience and continued adherence to supplementation as part of a broader osteoporosis management plan.

From the recent research findings, vitamin D has been shown to play a significant role in addressing osteoporosis. A study indicated that supplementation with vitamin D can help improve bone density, particularly in populations at risk for osteoporosis, such as the elderly and cancer patients undergoing treatment. However, it’s essential to find the right dosage, as high doses taken intermittently can increase risks of falls and fractures, whereas daily supplementation of around 800-1000 IU is associated with better bone health outcomes [4].

That said, while vitamin D contributes positively to bone health management, the evidence regarding its isolated effects on osteoporosis is somewhat limited and appears to be interlinked with calcium supplementation and overall treatment strategies. Research has indicated that, although vitamin D alone may have benefits, its effectiveness could be less pronounced when not properly optimized within a therapy regimen or when combined with other treatments like calcium or medications like raloxifene [23]. Therefore, while there is scientific support for vitamin D's role in managing osteoporosis, achieving the best outcomes typically involves a multifaceted approach to treatment.

Based on user reviews, many individuals report significant improvements in their symptoms related to osteoporosis after incorporating vitamin D supplements into their daily routines. Users have noted enhanced bone density and overall bone health, with some experiencing measurable changes relatively quickly. For instance, a user shared that after consistently administering vitamin D to their mother diagnosed with osteoporosis, a follow-up bone density measurement revealed increases in bone strength as noted by her doctor (Read Review). Others indicated that regular intake of vitamin D, sometimes alongside calcium, resulted in improved health check-up results and alleviated symptoms associated with osteoporosis (Read Review).

Moreover, multiple reviewers mentioned the broader health benefits that vitamin D provides, including enhancements in energy levels and immune function in addition to its role in bone health. Users feel more energized and report a general sense of wellbeing after starting supplementation. One reviewer highlighted that their knee joint pain, aggravated by menopause and osteoporosis, had completely disappeared after starting vitamin D (Read Review). However, it is important to remember that individual results can vary due to factors such as lifestyle, dosage, and specific health needs, suggesting that while many experience improvements, others may need to be patient and consistent in their supplementation efforts for similar results.

Users report that combining vitamin D supplements with other supplements can enhance the effectiveness of osteoporosis management. Many reviewers specifically mention the benefits of taking vitamin D alongside calcium and other nutrients for better absorption and improved bone health. For example, one user noted that taking vitamin D and multivitamins consistently resulted in increased bone density in their mother diagnosed with osteoporosis (Read Review). Another reviewer stated that they found a significant improvement in their osteoporosis treatment results after taking vitamin D along with necessary dietary components, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach to supplementation (Read Review).

Moreover, several users emphasized the importance of taking vitamin D with other nutrients for optimal absorption, suggesting that a synergistic effect may occur. One user who combined vitamin D with lysine indicated that this combination contributed to normalizing their vitamin D levels and improving calcium absorption, which ultimately supports better bone density (Read Review). Collectively, these insights suggest that a multi-supplement approach may be beneficial for those managing osteoporosis, as users consistently highlight the positive impact of such combinations on their bone health and overall wellbeing.

According to research, daily supplementation of vitamin D between 800 to 1,000 IU is the optimal dose for treating osteoporosis, particularly for those who are vitamin D deficient. This range has been shown to reduce falls and non-vertebral fractures among the elderly, providing critical support for bone health [4]. Additionally, understanding individual vitamin D levels is essential; a target concentration of 30 to 60 ng/mL is recommended to maximize its benefits [4].

While some studies noted higher intermittent dosing, such as 60,000 IU monthly, these approaches could elevate the risk of falls, fractures, and other adverse outcomes, reinforcing the importance of a consistent daily regimen [4]. For those who may experience significantly low levels or related symptoms, a personalized loading dose followed by maintenance is advisable [4]. Ultimately, a thoughtful approach in determining the right vitamin D dose can play a significant role in effectively managing osteoporosis.

9.5
Increased bone density
A must-have for mothers with osteoporosis. Since my mother was diagnosed, I gave her this supplement and took it daily. A few months later, my bone density was measured; it had increased despite my previously weak hip bone. The doctor noted improvements. I also started taking vitamin D and multivitamins daily.
10
Positive osteoporosis treatment
As the most active form, D3 assists in calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus absorption, thereby promoting bone health. It may enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce cancer cell growth. My experience over a year has shown improved treatment results for osteoporosis in my femoral neck, with increased blood levels of 25(OH) D. I recommend taking it with fatty foods for optimal absorption.
8.8
Osteoporosis prevention
Since starting vitamin D, my health check-up results have improved significantly. I now take it daily to prevent osteoporosis and colds. This supplement works well for both my husband and me, and is of good value compared to other options.
9.5
Normalised vitamin D levels
This vitamin, derived from animal sources, helped in treating osteoporosis alongside Lysine. My vitamin D level normalised after a year, improving calcium absorption and reducing parathyroid hormone levels that affect bone density.
We explored the effects of vitamin D supplementation on osteoporosis, especially among individuals at risk for this condition. The Osteoporosis Research and Information Group (GRIO) highlighted the critical difference between daily and intermittent vitamin D dosing.

Current literature indicates that taking high doses of vitamin D intermittently, such as 60,000 IU a month, can actually elevate the chances of falls, fractures, and even premature death in some groups. Conversely, daily supplementation of 800-1000 IU, particularly alongside calcium, has been shown to reduce falls and non-vertebral fractures in the elderly who have a vitamin D deficiency.

Before anyone starts supplementing, it is crucial to measure their vitamin D levels to achieve a target concentration of 30 to 60 ng/mL. For those needing a quick boost in vitamin D levels—like patients showing symptoms of osteomalacia or those with critically low vitamin D—a starting loading dose followed by daily maintenance is the preferred approach. If daily options aren’t available, of course, a smaller intermittent dose can be a temporary solution until better options are accessible.
8
Raloxifene enhances vitamin D3 effects
We conducted a study to assess the effects of combining raloxifene, a medication commonly used to treat osteoporosis, with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. This randomized, open-label trial involved 112 participants who either received raloxifene along with vitamin D3 or vitamin D3 alone for 48 weeks.

Our findings revealed that those taking raloxifene with vitamin D3 experienced a significant increase in bone mineral density at the lumbar spine compared to those who received vitamin D3 alone. While both groups received vitamin D3, it was the addition of raloxifene that made a marked difference in enhancing bone density and reducing bone loss in the hip.

Importantly, we noted that the benefits of the combination treatment were even more pronounced among women with more severe osteopenia. However, it’s crucial to recognize that the study did not isolate the effects of vitamin D3 on its own, which limits our ability to draw conclusions about its effectiveness independently from raloxifene.

As we look at the broader implications, it seems combining these treatments could be an effective strategy for improving bone health, particularly in postmenopausal women at risk of osteoporosis.

References

  1. Afonso ML, Capelas ML, Pimenta NM, Santos T, Mäkitie A, et al. A Systematic Review of Vitamin D Supplementation in Oncology: Chance of Science or Effectiveness?. Nutrients. 2025;17. doi:10.3390/nu17040634
  2. Wang H, Tian G, Pei Z, Yu X, Wang Y, et al. increases serum vitamin D metabolite levels and modulates intestinal flora to alleviate osteoporosis in mice. mSphere. 2025. doi:10.1128/msphere.01039-24
  3. Skubica P, Hoffmanova I, Dankova P. Chronically increased osteoclastogenesis in adult celiac disease patients does not hinder improvement in bone health induced by gluten-free diet: Role of vitamin D, OPG and IL-6. J Nutr Biochem. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.109871
  4. Pickering ME, Souberbielle JC, Boutten A, Breuil V, Briot K, et al. Daily or intermittent vitamin D supplementation in patients with or at risk of osteoporosis: Position statement from the GRIO. Joint Bone Spine. 2025;92:105858. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2025.105858
  5. Shi L, Bao Y, Deng X, Xu X, Hu J. Association between calcium and vitamin D supplementation and increased risk of kidney stone formation in patients with osteoporosis in Southwest China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2025;15:e092901. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-092901
  6. Zhang SB, Yang J, Xu HW, Yi YY, Ren CX, et al. Association Between 25-hydroxyvitamin D Status and New Vertebral Fractures Post Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation in Patients During Postmenopause: A Retrospective Case-control Study. Pain Physician. 2025;28:E31.
  7. Yang C, Chen L, Guo X, Sun H, Miao D. The Vitamin D-Sirt1/PGC1α Axis Regulates Bone Metabolism and Counteracts Osteoporosis. J Orthop Translat. 2025;50:211. doi:10.1016/j.jot.2024.10.011
  8. Kuwabara N, Kanda J, Sato S, Nakagawa S. Impact of Daily High Ergosterol Intake for 14 Weeks in Ovariectomized Rats on Cholesterol and Vitamin D Biosynthesis Pathways. Biol Pharm Bull. 2025;48:39. doi:10.1248/bpb.b24-00536
  9. McCarrison S, Abdelrahman S, Quinlivan R, Keen R, Wong SC. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A systematic review. Bone. 2025;193:117410. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2025.117410
  10. Ma M, Zhang Y, Liu J, Tian C, Duan Z, et al. Associations of the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with mortality among patients in osteopenia or osteoporosis. Bone. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2025.117408
  11. Mendoza-Vargas LÁ, Sevilla-Fuentes S, Bautista-Becerril B, Berthaúd-González B, Falfán-Valencia R, et al. IgG4-RD-Associated Mikulicz Syndrome Without Classic Systemic Involvement-A Case Report. J Clin Med. 2025;14. doi:10.3390/jcm14030958
  12. Yang C, Chen L, Guo X, Sun H, Miao D. The Vitamin D-Sirt1/PGC1α Axis Regulates Bone Metabolism and Counteracts Osteoporosis. J Orthop Translat. 2025;50:211. doi:10.1016/j.jot.2024.10.011
  13. Paul T, Garg B, Kapoor N, Patil V, Kachnerkar N, et al. A Prospective, Active-controlled, Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter, Phase III Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Biosimilar Denosumab vs Reference Denosumab in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. J Assoc Physicians India. 2025;73:e8. doi:10.59556/japi.73.0772
  14. Sawant D, Kamble N. Overcoming Recurrent Isolated Sleep Paralysis: A Case Report of Integrative Management With Yoga, Meditation, and Vitamin D3 Supplementation. Cureus. 2024;16:e76626. doi:10.7759/cureus.76626
  15. Kittaka A. Synthetic Studies on Vitamin D Derivatives with Diverse but Selective Biological Activities. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2025;73:1. doi:10.1248/cpb.c24-00598
  16. Elmalah SG, Mohsen ROM, Hassan R. Selenium nano particles versus nano vitamin D3 in modulating anastrozole-induced osteoporosis on the mandibular alveolar bone of albino rats. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2024. doi:10.1016/j.jormas.2024.102181
  17. Chang CH, Yang SJ, Young TH, Yao WC. Effect of co-loaded vitamin D3 on intravenous injectable raloxifene delivery system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2025;246:114379. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114379
  18. Kluijver LG, Wagenmakers MAEM, Wilson JHP, Langendonk JG. The impact of minimal sunlight exposure on bone health: insights from a cohort study in erythropoietic protoporphyria. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae729
  19. Chen Y, Qiu H, Xuan L, Jin Y, Chen R, et al. Acupuncture in Treating Osteopenia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. Complement Med Res. 2024;31:516. doi:10.1159/000541440
  20. Moon RJ, D' Angelo S, Curtis EM, Ward KA, Crozier SR, et al. Pregnancy vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone mineral density in childhood follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2024;120:1134. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.09.014
  21. Pinto-Bonilla R, Baeza-Noci J, Blanco CC, Gumbau GJV, Fernández RJ, et al. Real-world effectiveness and safety of combined calcium 600 mg and cholecalciferol 2000 IU for treating vitamin d deficiency: Results from a nationwide study with focus in osteoporosis. Bone Rep. 2024;22:101796. doi:10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101796
  22. Xu D, Liu J, Zhang D, Zhang X, Huang C, et al. [Effects of thunder-fire moxibustion on balance function and musculoskeletal metabolism in female patients of primary osteoporosis with low muscle mass]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2024;44:859. doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20231229-0002
  23. Shin S, Hong N, Rhee Y. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of raloxifene plus cholecalciferol versus cholecalciferol alone on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. JBMR Plus. 2024;8:ziae073. doi:10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae073
  24. Wu T, Lin Z, Wang C, Liu X. Correlation between vitamin D levels and blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients with osteoporosis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2024;11:1396254. doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1396254
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