This study was designed as a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine how zinc gluconate supplementation might alleviate migraine symptoms in adult women. We followed 60 women, averaging about 35 years old, who either received 15 mg of zinc per day or a placebo for a duration of 12 weeks.
Over the trial, we observed significant improvements in those taking zinc. The frequency of migraine attacks, as well as the duration and severity of the headaches, drastically decreased for participants receiving zinc. We used various assessments, such as a numerical rating scale and the Migraine Disability Assessment test, to evaluate these changes.
Additionally, zinc supplementation showed a notable reduction in levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), both of which are associated with inflammation. However, no significant changes in triglycerides or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were seen. After taking initial values into account, the changes in lipid levels and hs-CRP weren’t significant.
Overall, we found that zinc supplementation can beneficially impact migraine symptoms, reducing their severity and frequency among women. This offers a promising direction for migraine management without the side effects often associated with traditional medications.
Read More
7
Zinc reduces migraine attack frequency
Zinc supplementation affects favorably the frequency of migraine attacks: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
We aimed to understand how zinc supplementation influences the frequency of migraine attacks. In this structured clinical trial, 80 patients suffering from migraines participated, receiving either zinc sulfate or a placebo over eight weeks.
Our results revealed that those who took zinc experienced a notable decrease in the frequency of their migraine attacks and, to some extent, in headache severity. Specifically, participants on zinc reported 2.55 fewer migraine attacks on average compared to only 0.42 fewer for those on the placebo. However, when we adjusted for certain factors, the reduction in headache severity lost its statistical significance.
It's essential to note that while zinc supplementation appeared to help with attack frequency, other aspects of migraines, such as their duration and daily headache impact, remained unchanged. This suggests that zinc might specifically influence how often migraines occur rather than their intensity or lasting effects. Further research is encouraged to explore varying dosages and longer intervention periods for a more profound understanding of zinc's potential benefits.
Read More
8
Zinc intake linked to fewer migraines
Dietary zinc intake in relation to migraine among adults: a cross sectional study of NHANES 1999-2004.
We investigated the connection between dietary zinc intake and the occurrence of migraines among adults, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 1999 and 2004.
Our findings indicated that higher zinc intake was linked to a lower prevalence of migraines. Participants who consumed more zinc, particularly those in the middle to higher intake groups, experienced fewer migraine episodes compared to those who consumed the least zinc.
Interestingly, we found that age plays a role in this relationship. Specifically, adults aged between 20 and 50 displayed a non-linear association between zinc intake and migraine occurrence, suggesting that age modifies the impact of zinc on migraines. Overall, these results point to the potential benefits of including sufficient zinc in our diets as a preventative measure against migraines.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9.5
Improved migraine frequency
Great! It normalises sleep when I take 2 capsules regularly. It has greatly improved my migraines, which now pass in a couple of hours instead of taking half a day. I have also found that PMS and menstruation are easier to endure with regular magnesium intake. Chronic nasal pain has not worsened either. I suspect the magnesium, along with my other supplements, has been beneficial, but I was pleasantly surprised by the result. No allergies or stomach issues, and the quality is excellent.
Read More
9.5
Effective for migraine
I’m a repeat customer of Now Zinc Picolinate! It works well for my migraines and boosts my immune system. Great price and packaging! Love it!
Read More
9.5
Eased migraine attacks
Great! It normalises sleep when I take 2 capsules regularly. It has improved my migraines, passing in a couple of hours now. I feel less crazy during PMS and menstruation. Chronic nasal pain has not worsened. While I can't attribute all the benefits to magnesium alone, it seems to have played a role. No allergies or stomach issues, and the quality is excellent.
We embarked on an investigation into the potential of zinc as a treatment for migraines. The study involved 30 migraine sufferers who were given 75 mg of zinc sulfate daily for six weeks, along with vitamin B-complex and vitamin A or E during the first ten days.
Remarkably, this combination led to a significant improvement in most participants, suggesting that zinc could play a vital role in alleviating migraine symptoms. Zinc's effectiveness may stem from its essential functions in various biological processes, such as supporting the nervous system and regulating mineral balance in the body.
However, it’s important to note that the research combined zinc with other supplements, which makes it challenging to ascertain zinc's isolated effect on migraines. Future studies may benefit from a more controlled approach—perhaps comparing zinc against a placebo or examining its impact in larger groups.
Overall, this exploration opens new avenues for understanding how zinc and other nutrients can contribute to migraine relief, but further research is needed to fully validate these findings.
Read More
9
Zinc reduces migraine symptoms
Assessing the Effect of Zinc Supplementation on the Frequency of Migraine Attack, Duration, Severity, Lipid Profile and hs-CRP in Adult Women.
This study was designed as a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine how zinc gluconate supplementation might alleviate migraine symptoms in adult women. We followed 60 women, averaging about 35 years old, who either received 15 mg of zinc per day or a placebo for a duration of 12 weeks.
Over the trial, we observed significant improvements in those taking zinc. The frequency of migraine attacks, as well as the duration and severity of the headaches, drastically decreased for participants receiving zinc. We used various assessments, such as a numerical rating scale and the Migraine Disability Assessment test, to evaluate these changes.
Additionally, zinc supplementation showed a notable reduction in levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), both of which are associated with inflammation. However, no significant changes in triglycerides or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were seen. After taking initial values into account, the changes in lipid levels and hs-CRP weren’t significant.
Overall, we found that zinc supplementation can beneficially impact migraine symptoms, reducing their severity and frequency among women. This offers a promising direction for migraine management without the side effects often associated with traditional medications.
Read More
8
Zinc intake linked to fewer migraines
Dietary zinc intake in relation to migraine among adults: a cross sectional study of NHANES 1999-2004.
We investigated the connection between dietary zinc intake and the occurrence of migraines among adults, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 1999 and 2004.
Our findings indicated that higher zinc intake was linked to a lower prevalence of migraines. Participants who consumed more zinc, particularly those in the middle to higher intake groups, experienced fewer migraine episodes compared to those who consumed the least zinc.
Interestingly, we found that age plays a role in this relationship. Specifically, adults aged between 20 and 50 displayed a non-linear association between zinc intake and migraine occurrence, suggesting that age modifies the impact of zinc on migraines. Overall, these results point to the potential benefits of including sufficient zinc in our diets as a preventative measure against migraines.
Read More
8
Zinc intake linked to migraine
Dietary zinc intake and migraine in adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004.
We explored the relationship between dietary zinc intake and migraine by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1999 and 2004. This cross-sectional study involved over 11,000 participants, with 20.2% reporting migraine attacks.
Our findings revealed an interesting trend: individuals who consumed higher amounts of zinc appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing migraines. Specifically, people in the highest zinc intake category were significantly less likely to report migraines compared to those with the lowest intake. These results suggest that increasing zinc consumption might be beneficial for migraine prevention.
However, it's important to note that while the study indicates an association between zinc intake and reduced migraine incidence, it doesn't definitively establish that zinc directly affects migraine pathophysiology. Thus, further research would be necessary to clarify the role of zinc in migraine management.
Overall, we've shed some light on how dietary zinc might play a role in migraines, suggesting that paying attention to zinc intake could be worthwhile for those affected by this condition.
Read More
7
Zinc shows promise for migraines
Zinc Administration Favorably Affects Prophylactic Therapy-refractory Migraine Attacks: A Case Series.
We explored the potential of zinc supplementation in individuals who experience migraines that don’t respond to traditional prophylactic therapies. Our focus was on four patients whose migraine symptoms had proven stubbornly resistant to standard treatments.
After adding zinc to their regimen, these patients reported a notable reduction in both the frequency and the severity of their headache episodes. These findings suggest that zinc may offer a new hope for those struggling with chronic migraines, particularly when existing medications fail to provide relief.
Although this small case series is encouraging, we recognize that further research is necessary to fully understand zinc's efficacy in treating migraines. Larger studies will help us determine how zinc can be integrated into migraine management strategies more broadly.
Great! It normalises sleep when I take 2 capsules regularly. It has greatly improved my migraines, which now pass in a couple of hours instead of taking half a day. I have also found that PMS and menstruation are easier to endure with regular magnesium intake. Chronic nasal pain has not worsened either. I suspect the magnesium, along with my other supplements, has been beneficial, but I was pleasantly surprised by the result. No allergies or stomach issues, and the quality is excellent.
Read More
9.5
Effective for migraine
I’m a repeat customer of Now Zinc Picolinate! It works well for my migraines and boosts my immune system. Great price and packaging! Love it!
Read More
9.5
Eased migraine attacks
Great! It normalises sleep when I take 2 capsules regularly. It has improved my migraines, passing in a couple of hours now. I feel less crazy during PMS and menstruation. Chronic nasal pain has not worsened. While I can't attribute all the benefits to magnesium alone, it seems to have played a role. No allergies or stomach issues, and the quality is excellent.
Read More
9.5
Migraines less frequent
Great! It normalises sleep with a regular intake of 2 capsules. It has improved my migraines, making them pass in a couple of hours. I feel calmer during PMS and menstruation, and chronic nasal pain has not worsened. While I also take other supplements, magnesium seems beneficial. I'm delighted with the quality and experienced no side effects.
Read More
8.8
Migraine frequency reduced
I have taken zinc before, and while it helped with colds, most supplements give me bad migraines. Recently, after having a bad cold, I started taking one capsule daily. Since then, I've noticed a remarkable decrease in the frequency and intensity of my migraines. Previously, I suffered from migraines every 3-4 weeks, lasting 3-4 days, often leading to uncontrollable vomiting. However, in the past eight weeks, I've only had one migraine. Coincidentally, I've also been feeling happier. I truly hope the zinc is the reason for these improvements.
Migraine is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent and often debilitating headaches, typically accompanied by a variety of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and heightened sensitivity to light and sound. These headaches can be pulsing or throbbing in nature and are usually localized to one side of the head, although they can occur on both sides. Migraines can last anywhere from a few hours to several days and can significantly interfere with daily activities. Many individuals also experience an "aura," which can include visual disturbances like flashing lights or blind spots, as a precursor to the actual headache.
While the exact cause of migraines is not fully understood, they are thought to be linked to changes in brain activity and environmental factors, along with genetics. Various triggers can precipitate a migraine attack, including stress, hormonal changes, certain foods, and sleep disturbances. Treatment options vary and can include prescription medications, over-the-counter pain relief, lifestyle changes, and preventive strategies. If you suffer from migraines, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional to develop a tailored management plan suited to your symptoms and needs.
Zinc is a versatile metal known for its various applications in industry and health. It is a bluish-white metallic element represented by the symbol Zn and atomic number 30 on the periodic table. Zinc is primarily used for galvanizing steel to prevent rusting, in the manufacturing of alloys, and as a component in batteries. Additionally, zinc plays a crucial role in biological processes, making it an essential trace element in the human diet. It is involved in immune function, protein synthesis, wound healing, and DNA synthesis, highlighting its importance in maintaining overall health and well-being.
Zinc is a trace mineral that plays several important roles in the body, including immune function and cellular metabolism. While some studies suggest that zinc might have a potential role in reducing the severity and frequency of migraines, the evidence is not definitive. A few small studies have indicated that zinc supplementation could help reduce migraine attacks, particularly in individuals with lower zinc levels. However, these findings are not universally accepted, and more comprehensive research is needed to establish a clear connection between zinc supplementation and migraine relief.
If you're considering using zinc as a supplement for migraine management, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional. They can guide you on appropriate dosage and whether it's suitable given your specific health needs. Generally, a balanced diet that includes zinc-rich foods such as meat, shellfish, legumes, seeds, nuts, dairy, and whole grains may help ensure you maintain adequate zinc levels, which could support overall health. However, keep in mind that while zinc may contribute to general wellness, it should not replace conventional migraine treatments that have been proven effective.
Based on user reviews, individuals taking supplements for migraines commonly report seeing improvements within a relatively short timeframe. Many users noted that after consistent use, particularly with magnesium or zinc, they experienced a noticeable reduction in the frequency and intensity of their migraines. For instance, one user shared that their migraines now pass in just a couple of hours instead of lasting half a day after taking magnesium regularly (Read Review). Another user mentioned that since incorporating zinc into their routine, they had only one bad headache in eight weeks compared to having them every three to four weeks previously (Read Review).
Recent studies highlight the potential role of zinc as a beneficial supplement for individuals suffering from migraines. A systematic review of 35 studies found that zinc may positively impact migraine management, supported by low-bias clinical trials, although it called for larger studies to solidify these findings [1]. A case series involving patients resistant to standard therapies showed a notable reduction in migraine frequency and severity after zinc supplementation, presenting a promising option for those who struggle with chronic migraines [2].
Moreover, observational studies indicate that higher dietary zinc intake correlates with a lower prevalence of migraines, particularly in adults aged 20 to 50 [3]. Clinical trials have also demonstrated that zinc supplementation can significantly reduce the frequency of migraine attacks in patients [5]. While promising, it is crucial to approach these findings with caution, as further research is necessary to explore zinc’s effectiveness and optimal usage in migraine treatment [4]. Overall, the body of research suggests that zinc supplementation may serve as a valuable tool in managing migraines, especially for those who find little relief from traditional treatments.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported significant improvements in their symptoms related to migraines, sleep quality, and even menstrual discomfort after incorporating magnesium and zinc supplements into their routines. For instance, several users noted that with regular magnesium intake, their migraines have improved to the extent that they now pass within a couple of hours rather than enduring a full day of pain (Read Review). Another user highlighted that since taking zinc daily, they have experienced a marked reduction in both the frequency and intensity of their migraines, with headaches reducing from every few weeks to just once in eight weeks (Read Review).
Additionally, users reported ancillary benefits such as improved emotional well-being and relief from symptoms related to PMS and menstruation (Read Review). It's important to note that while many experienced positive effects, results can vary based on individual physiology and supplementation regimens.
Based on user reviews, many individuals combining this supplement with zinc or magnesium report substantial benefits in managing their migraines. Users have observed a reduction in both the frequency and intensity of their migraines when these supplements are taken regularly. For example, one user noted that after beginning a consistent regimen of magnesium, their migraines have considerably lessened, often passing within just a couple of hours compared to the previous duration of half a day (Read Review).
Additionally, several users highlighted the complementary effects of zinc alongside magnesium. One reviewer shared that after using zinc, they experienced a significant drop in migraine occurrences, with only one headache in eight weeks compared to a headache every few weeks prior (Read Review). This is echoed by another user, who attributed much of their improved neurological health, including reduced migraine symptoms, to a combination of supplements, reinforcing the idea that these can work synergistically for better outcomes (Read Review). Overall, users report positive experiences, suggesting that combining these supplements may enhance their effectiveness in migraine management.
The optimal dose of zinc for treating migraines appears to be around 15 to 75 mg per day, according to various research findings. One notable study highlighted that women who took 15 mg of zinc gluconate daily experienced significant reductions in migraine frequency and severity ([5]). Furthermore, another investigation, where participants were given 75 mg of zinc sulfate daily for six weeks, also reported improved migraine symptoms, although this study included additional vitamins which may have influenced the results ([7]).
While these studies suggest that zinc supplementation may be beneficial for migraine sufferers, it's important to note that more extensive research, including larger clinical trials, is necessary to establish definitive dosage recommendations and confirm zinc's efficacy in migraine management. Until such data is available, those considering zinc for migraine treatment should consult with healthcare professionals to determine an appropriate dosage tailored to their individual needs ([1]).
9.5
Improved migraine frequency
Great! It normalises sleep when I take 2 capsules regularly. It has greatly improved my migraines, which now pass in a couple of hours instead of taking half a day. I have also found that PMS and menstruation are easier to endure with regular magnesium intake. Chronic nasal pain has not worsened either. I suspect the magnesium, along with my other supplements, has been beneficial, but I was pleasantly surprised by the result. No allergies or stomach issues, and the quality is excellent.
7.5
Reduced migraine frequency
I previously took zinc and found it helpful for colds, but I usually avoid supplements due to migraines. After a bad cold, I started taking one capsule daily and noticed a significant decrease in both the frequency and intensity of my migraines. Normally, I have a migraine every 3-4 weeks, but since taking zinc, I’ve only had one headache in eight weeks, allowing me to function better. I feel happier overall too, and I hope this improvement is due to the zinc.
9.5
Migraines less frequent
Great! It normalises sleep with a regular intake of 2 capsules. It has improved my migraines, making them pass in a couple of hours. I feel calmer during PMS and menstruation, and chronic nasal pain has not worsened. While I also take other supplements, magnesium seems beneficial. I'm delighted with the quality and experienced no side effects.
4
Zinc shows potential for migraines
Zinc as An Emerging Therapy in the Management of Migraine: A Systematic Review.
We explored the potential role of zinc in migraine management through a systematic review of existing studies. Our aim was to gather evidence from scientific databases to see if zinc could be an effective treatment choice, especially considering its known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We reviewed information from three major databases and identified 35 studies, eventually narrowing our focus to five studies that met our criteria—two clinical trials and three observational studies.
The results of our review suggest that zinc may have a positive impact on managing migraines, though the available evidence is still somewhat limited. The clinical trials we examined showed a low risk of bias, indicating that their results are reliable. However, we also acknowledge that more robust and larger clinical trials are needed to strengthen the evidence around zinc’s effectiveness in treating migraines.
Overall, while the findings are promising, we should approach them with caution until further studies can confirm the benefits of zinc in this context. As of now, the use of zinc for migraine treatment is an area that warrants further exploration.
7
Zinc shows promise for migraines
Zinc Administration Favorably Affects Prophylactic Therapy-refractory Migraine Attacks: A Case Series.
We explored the potential of zinc supplementation in individuals who experience migraines that don’t respond to traditional prophylactic therapies. Our focus was on four patients whose migraine symptoms had proven stubbornly resistant to standard treatments.
After adding zinc to their regimen, these patients reported a notable reduction in both the frequency and the severity of their headache episodes. These findings suggest that zinc may offer a new hope for those struggling with chronic migraines, particularly when existing medications fail to provide relief.
Although this small case series is encouraging, we recognize that further research is necessary to fully understand zinc's efficacy in treating migraines. Larger studies will help us determine how zinc can be integrated into migraine management strategies more broadly.
8
Zinc intake linked to fewer migraines
Dietary zinc intake in relation to migraine among adults: a cross sectional study of NHANES 1999-2004.
We investigated the connection between dietary zinc intake and the occurrence of migraines among adults, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 1999 and 2004.
Our findings indicated that higher zinc intake was linked to a lower prevalence of migraines. Participants who consumed more zinc, particularly those in the middle to higher intake groups, experienced fewer migraine episodes compared to those who consumed the least zinc.
Interestingly, we found that age plays a role in this relationship. Specifically, adults aged between 20 and 50 displayed a non-linear association between zinc intake and migraine occurrence, suggesting that age modifies the impact of zinc on migraines. Overall, these results point to the potential benefits of including sufficient zinc in our diets as a preventative measure against migraines.
9
Zinc reduces migraine symptoms
Assessing the Effect of Zinc Supplementation on the Frequency of Migraine Attack, Duration, Severity, Lipid Profile and hs-CRP in Adult Women.
This study was designed as a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine how zinc gluconate supplementation might alleviate migraine symptoms in adult women. We followed 60 women, averaging about 35 years old, who either received 15 mg of zinc per day or a placebo for a duration of 12 weeks.
Over the trial, we observed significant improvements in those taking zinc. The frequency of migraine attacks, as well as the duration and severity of the headaches, drastically decreased for participants receiving zinc. We used various assessments, such as a numerical rating scale and the Migraine Disability Assessment test, to evaluate these changes.
Additionally, zinc supplementation showed a notable reduction in levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), both of which are associated with inflammation. However, no significant changes in triglycerides or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were seen. After taking initial values into account, the changes in lipid levels and hs-CRP weren’t significant.
Overall, we found that zinc supplementation can beneficially impact migraine symptoms, reducing their severity and frequency among women. This offers a promising direction for migraine management without the side effects often associated with traditional medications.
8
Zinc intake linked to migraine
Dietary zinc intake and migraine in adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004.
We explored the relationship between dietary zinc intake and migraine by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1999 and 2004. This cross-sectional study involved over 11,000 participants, with 20.2% reporting migraine attacks.
Our findings revealed an interesting trend: individuals who consumed higher amounts of zinc appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing migraines. Specifically, people in the highest zinc intake category were significantly less likely to report migraines compared to those with the lowest intake. These results suggest that increasing zinc consumption might be beneficial for migraine prevention.
However, it's important to note that while the study indicates an association between zinc intake and reduced migraine incidence, it doesn't definitively establish that zinc directly affects migraine pathophysiology. Thus, further research would be necessary to clarify the role of zinc in migraine management.
Overall, we've shed some light on how dietary zinc might play a role in migraines, suggesting that paying attention to zinc intake could be worthwhile for those affected by this condition.
9.5
Zinc may alleviate migraines
A new horizon into the pathobiology, etiology and treatment of migraine.
We embarked on an investigation into the potential of zinc as a treatment for migraines. The study involved 30 migraine sufferers who were given 75 mg of zinc sulfate daily for six weeks, along with vitamin B-complex and vitamin A or E during the first ten days.
Remarkably, this combination led to a significant improvement in most participants, suggesting that zinc could play a vital role in alleviating migraine symptoms. Zinc's effectiveness may stem from its essential functions in various biological processes, such as supporting the nervous system and regulating mineral balance in the body.
However, it’s important to note that the research combined zinc with other supplements, which makes it challenging to ascertain zinc's isolated effect on migraines. Future studies may benefit from a more controlled approach—perhaps comparing zinc against a placebo or examining its impact in larger groups.
Overall, this exploration opens new avenues for understanding how zinc and other nutrients can contribute to migraine relief, but further research is needed to fully validate these findings.
References
Singhal S, Dutta SB, Bansal S, Dutta S, Shah RB. Zinc as An Emerging Therapy in the Management of Migraine: A Systematic Review. Neurol India. 2024;72:934. doi:10.4103/neurol-india.Neurol-India-D-23-00337
Fukazawa R, Ishii R, Higashimoto Y, Hanya M, Shimizu Y, et al. Zinc Administration Favorably Affects Prophylactic Therapy-refractory Migraine Attacks: A Case Series. Intern Med. 2024;63:1631. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.2111-23
Zheng H, Tian S, Wu L, Zhong X, Liu M, et al. Dietary zinc intake in relation to migraine among adults: a cross sectional study of NHANES 1999-2004. Nutr Neurosci. 2024;27:667. doi:10.1080/1028415X.2023.2243678
Liu H, Wang Q, Dong Z, Yu S. Dietary zinc intake and migraine in adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. Headache. 2023;63:127. doi:10.1111/head.14431
Mazaheri M, Aghdam AM, Heidari M, Zarrin R. Assessing the Effect of Zinc Supplementation on the Frequency of Migraine Attack, Duration, Severity, Lipid Profile and hs-CRP in Adult Women. Clin Nutr Res. 2021;10:127. doi:10.7762/cnr.2021.10.2.127
Ahmadi H, Mazloumi-Kiapey SS, Sadeghi O, Nasiri M, Khorvash F, et al. Zinc supplementation affects favorably the frequency of migraine attacks: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutr J. 2020;19:101. doi:10.1186/s12937-020-00618-9
Dhillon KS, Singh J, Lyall JS. A new horizon into the pathobiology, etiology and treatment of migraine. Med Hypotheses. 2011;77:147. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.03.050