Can Source Naturals Magnesium Malate Help with Hypothyroidism?
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 9 Researches
7.7
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 8 Reviews
8.5
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 3 Tablets
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
10
Total Carbohydrate
3 g
1%*
Magnesium (as magnesium malate trihydrate)
425 mg
101%
Sodium
10 mg
<1%
Magnesium Malate Trihydrate
3.75 g
†
Malic Acid (as magnesium malate trihydrate and malic acid)
2.5 g
†
Top Medical Research Studies
8
Levothyroxine improves Hashimoto outcomes
Levothyroxine sodium tablets reversed Hashimoto thyroiditis-induced kidney injury, muscle injury, and lipid metabolism disorder: A case report and literature review.
We explored the impact of levothyroxine sodium tablets on individuals suffering from hypothyroidism, particularly focusing on its effectiveness for those with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). This common condition can lead to a range of complications, including serious kidney and muscle injuries, as well as issues with cholesterol and other lipids.
In our examination, we described a specific case involving a 52-year-old woman diagnosed with HT. She faced several health challenges, such as kidney and muscle injuries alongside abnormalities in her lipid profiles. After beginning treatment with levothyroxine, we closely monitored her progress through regular assessments of serum creatinine, creatine kinase, and various cholesterol levels.
Over a two-month treatment period, we observed promising results. The patient experienced significant improvements, with her creatine kinase levels returning to normal. Although her serum creatinine level remained slightly elevated, her kidney function showed restoration, and other lipid levels improved significantly. By alleviating these complications, levothyroxine helped address many of her HT-related symptoms, highlighting its benefits in treating severe hypothyroidism manifestations.
Read More
9
Levothyroxine sodium benefits skin health
Scales in a dog after levothyroxine sodium treatment: A case report.
We explored the impacts of levothyroxine sodium on a 7-year-old Toy Poodle diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The dog was experiencing several issues, such as exercise intolerance, weight gain, and skin problems, including patches of hair loss.
After starting treatment with levothyroxine sodium, we noticed a significant increase in scaling of the skin after one month. This scaling primarily appeared on the trunk, particularly in areas where hair loss was present. Remarkably, as we reduced the levothyroxine dosage over the following three months, the scales vanished and hair regrowth became evident.
Our observations suggest that while levothyroxine sodium helps to trigger hair regrowth, it may also affect how the skin renews itself, leading to temporary scaling. It's important for pet clinicians to recognize that when such scales appear, they often don’t accompany other skin conditions like itchiness or redness, and typically resolve on their own as hair grows back. Hence, further treatment may not be necessary in these situations.
Read More
9
Congenital hypothyroidism and thalassemia case
A case report on congenital hypothyroidism and alpha thalassemia in children with anemia and muscle damage as the main manifestation.
We explored a unique case involving a 2-year and 7-month-old girl diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) alongside alpha thalassemia. This child presented with symptoms that included severe anemia and elevated muscle enzymes, which made her appear dispirited and caused growth delays. Such combined conditions are rare, and this study sheds light on the importance of recognizing them promptly to prevent missed diagnoses.
In addressing her condition, we treated her with levothyroxine sodium, a standard therapy for hypothyroidism, along with interventions to correct her anemia. Remarkably, we observed significant improvement after the treatment. The child's energy, appetite, physical development, and overall well-being were reported to be better than those of her peers.
Our findings emphasize that both hypothyroidism and alpha thalassemia can lead to vague symptoms, potentially leading to misdiagnoses. Therefore, we recommend that children exhibiting anemia and elevated muscle enzymes undergo regular thyroid function testing. Early detection and treatment can significantly enhance their quality of life and health outcomes.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Energy boost experienced
21 people found this helpful
Gave me my energy back! Having hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's disease left me exhausted. After researching magnesium's benefits, I decided to try it. Within a week, I noticed a significant increase in energy levels, even hiking 7 miles in a day! Previously, I struggled to get out of bed, but if I forget a dose, the sluggishness returns immediately. This product has genuinely changed my life; if you suffer from hypothyroidism, give it a try!
Read More
9
Pain relief noted
5 people found this helpful
Life-changing! I have fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and hypothyroidism. With just one dose, I noticed about 95% of my pain disappeared! I went 12 hours without thinking about my pain after taking the magnesium pill. Normally, I take tramadol for relief, but the magnesium seems to work better. Although I experienced some nausea initially, I felt fine thereafter. This could truly change my life, and I’m excited!
Read More
7.5
Supports digestive health
3 people found this helpful
Good magnesium! It has worked well for me in treating subclinical hypothyroidism. Compared to other brands, I found this one superior. I have struggled with gastrointestinal issues all my life, and since starting magnesium, everything has improved. Sleep quality also enhanced within the first week of taking it. These benefits are quite remarkable!
We explored the interaction between magnesium sulfate and levothyroxine in managing inflammation related to hypothyroidism. In this study, we used 60 male rats, dividing them into six different groups. These included normals, those given magnesium, hypothyroid rats, and various combinations of treatments with levothyroxine and magnesium.
Our findings showed that hypothyroidism led to an increase in inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, while decreasing vital thyroid hormones. When we treated hypothyroid rats with either levothyroxine or magnesium, these inflammatory markers significantly decreased.
Notably, the rats that received a combination of both treatments experienced the most significant reduction in inflammation. This suggests that chronic low-grade inflammation in hypothyroid conditions might elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Overall, using magnesium and levothyroxine together seems to be more effective in reducing inflammation compared to either treatment alone.
Read More
9
Levothyroxine sodium benefits skin health
Scales in a dog after levothyroxine sodium treatment: A case report.
We explored the impacts of levothyroxine sodium on a 7-year-old Toy Poodle diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The dog was experiencing several issues, such as exercise intolerance, weight gain, and skin problems, including patches of hair loss.
After starting treatment with levothyroxine sodium, we noticed a significant increase in scaling of the skin after one month. This scaling primarily appeared on the trunk, particularly in areas where hair loss was present. Remarkably, as we reduced the levothyroxine dosage over the following three months, the scales vanished and hair regrowth became evident.
Our observations suggest that while levothyroxine sodium helps to trigger hair regrowth, it may also affect how the skin renews itself, leading to temporary scaling. It's important for pet clinicians to recognize that when such scales appear, they often don’t accompany other skin conditions like itchiness or redness, and typically resolve on their own as hair grows back. Hence, further treatment may not be necessary in these situations.
Read More
9
Congenital hypothyroidism and thalassemia case
A case report on congenital hypothyroidism and alpha thalassemia in children with anemia and muscle damage as the main manifestation.
We explored a unique case involving a 2-year and 7-month-old girl diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) alongside alpha thalassemia. This child presented with symptoms that included severe anemia and elevated muscle enzymes, which made her appear dispirited and caused growth delays. Such combined conditions are rare, and this study sheds light on the importance of recognizing them promptly to prevent missed diagnoses.
In addressing her condition, we treated her with levothyroxine sodium, a standard therapy for hypothyroidism, along with interventions to correct her anemia. Remarkably, we observed significant improvement after the treatment. The child's energy, appetite, physical development, and overall well-being were reported to be better than those of her peers.
Our findings emphasize that both hypothyroidism and alpha thalassemia can lead to vague symptoms, potentially leading to misdiagnoses. Therefore, we recommend that children exhibiting anemia and elevated muscle enzymes undergo regular thyroid function testing. Early detection and treatment can significantly enhance their quality of life and health outcomes.
Read More
8
Magnesium shows potential benefits
Randomized Study of the Effects of Zinc, Vitamin A, and Magnesium Co-supplementation on Thyroid Function, Oxidative Stress, and hs-CRP in Patients with Hypothyroidism.
We conducted a randomized double-blind study to see how supplementation with zinc, magnesium, and vitamin A might affect hypothyroidism.
In our trial with 86 participants, those receiving the supplements showed improved thyroid function, indicated by a significant increase in serum FT4 levels.
However, no noteworthy changes were observed in the control group regarding thyroid hormones.
Overall, while the supplementation shows promise for some thyroid improvement, it's not a guaranteed solution for everyone.
Read More
8
Levothyroxine improves Hashimoto outcomes
Levothyroxine sodium tablets reversed Hashimoto thyroiditis-induced kidney injury, muscle injury, and lipid metabolism disorder: A case report and literature review.
We explored the impact of levothyroxine sodium tablets on individuals suffering from hypothyroidism, particularly focusing on its effectiveness for those with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). This common condition can lead to a range of complications, including serious kidney and muscle injuries, as well as issues with cholesterol and other lipids.
In our examination, we described a specific case involving a 52-year-old woman diagnosed with HT. She faced several health challenges, such as kidney and muscle injuries alongside abnormalities in her lipid profiles. After beginning treatment with levothyroxine, we closely monitored her progress through regular assessments of serum creatinine, creatine kinase, and various cholesterol levels.
Over a two-month treatment period, we observed promising results. The patient experienced significant improvements, with her creatine kinase levels returning to normal. Although her serum creatinine level remained slightly elevated, her kidney function showed restoration, and other lipid levels improved significantly. By alleviating these complications, levothyroxine helped address many of her HT-related symptoms, highlighting its benefits in treating severe hypothyroidism manifestations.
Gave me my energy back! Having hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's disease left me exhausted. After researching magnesium's benefits, I decided to try it. Within a week, I noticed a significant increase in energy levels, even hiking 7 miles in a day! Previously, I struggled to get out of bed, but if I forget a dose, the sluggishness returns immediately. This product has genuinely changed my life; if you suffer from hypothyroidism, give it a try!
Read More
9
Pain relief noted
5 people found this helpful
Life-changing! I have fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and hypothyroidism. With just one dose, I noticed about 95% of my pain disappeared! I went 12 hours without thinking about my pain after taking the magnesium pill. Normally, I take tramadol for relief, but the magnesium seems to work better. Although I experienced some nausea initially, I felt fine thereafter. This could truly change my life, and I’m excited!
Read More
7.5
Supports digestive health
3 people found this helpful
Good magnesium! It has worked well for me in treating subclinical hypothyroidism. Compared to other brands, I found this one superior. I have struggled with gastrointestinal issues all my life, and since starting magnesium, everything has improved. Sleep quality also enhanced within the first week of taking it. These benefits are quite remarkable!
Read More
7.5
Better sleep quality
1 people found this helpful
This magnesium pill is large and challenging to swallow, yet it’s effective. At 41 and living with hypothyroidism, my doctor prescribed a daily intake of 500 mg for three months. Magnesium is critical for metabolism and eases stress, affecting overall health, especially weight and mood. I take it in the evening, and I generally sleep better with an improved mood. However, the large size has caused me to pause taking it. Despite this, it has an excellent formulation with magnesium malate.
Read More
7.5
Curbing cravings
1 people found this helpful
Magnesium malate has been excellent for my hypothyroidism; I’ve noticed an improvement in my wellbeing. When I'm low on magnesium, I crave chocolate, but after taking this supplement, that craving vanishes, making it easier to avoid sweets.
Hypothyroidism is a medical condition that occurs when the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones, mainly thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), play a critical role in regulating various bodily functions, including metabolism, energy production, and overall growth and development. When hormone levels drop, it can lead to a slow metabolism, weight gain, fatigue, depression, and a host of other symptoms that can significantly affect quality of life.
The condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, certain medications, radiation treatment, or iodine deficiency. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to check levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones. Treatment primarily includes hormone replacement therapy, with synthetic thyroid hormones such as levothyroxine being the most common form of treatment. With proper management, individuals with hypothyroidism can lead normal, healthy lives by ensuring they receive the necessary hormones their bodies need to function optimally.
Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a lightweight, silvery-white metal that is a member of the alkaline earth metals group. Often classified as one of the most abundant elements in the Earth's crust, magnesium plays a crucial role in various biological functions and is essential for living organisms. In nature, magnesium can be found in large quantities, primarily in minerals such as dolomite and magnesite, and it is also present in seawater.
In terms of health benefits, magnesium is vital for numerous metabolic processes, including energy production, DNA synthesis, and muscle function. It contributes to bone health, helps regulate blood pressure, and supports bone formation by promoting the effects of vitamin D. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for magnesium varies by age and gender, but it is generally important to include magnesium-rich foods like leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and whole grains in your diet to ensure adequate intake. For those who may not receive enough magnesium through their diet alone, supplements are also available; however, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplementation.
Magnesium plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including thyroid health. Research suggests that magnesium deficiency may negatively impact thyroid function, as this mineral is essential for converting the inactive thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) into the active hormone tri-iodothyronine (T3). This conversion is vital for maintaining metabolic processes, and adequate magnesium levels can support overall thyroid health. Some studies indicate that ensuring sufficient magnesium intake may ease symptoms associated with hypothyroidism and contribute to better metabolic balance.
However, it's important to note that while magnesium can support thyroid function, it is not a replacement for thyroid hormone replacement therapy for those diagnosed with hypothyroidism. If you're considering magnesium supplementation or are curious about your magnesium levels in relation to thyroid health, it’s a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional. They can provide personalized recommendations based on your individual health needs, including appropriate dosages and dietary sources of magnesium.
When it comes to taking magnesium supplements for hypothyroidism, users report varying timelines for noticeable results. Some individuals have experienced improvements within just a week of starting supplementation. For instance, one user noted enhanced sleep quality and overall wellbeing after one week on magnesium, describing it as quite remarkable Read Review. Another reviewer pointed out that after a consistent intake aligned with their doctor's three-month recommendation, they observed significant benefits related to mood and energy levels, showcasing that patience may be key for some Read Review.
Overall, many users suggest that while some may feel immediate effects like better sleep or improved energy shortly after beginning a regimen, it can take a few weeks to fully reap the benefits of magnesium in managing symptoms associated with hypothyroidism. Experiences vary, with reports of positive changes frequently occurring within one to three months of consistent supplementation Read Review.
The role of magnesium supplementation in the context of hypothyroidism is an area of exploration but lacks definitive evidence for support. A study found that while magnesium, when combined with other micronutrients, led to improvements in quality of life for hypothyroid patients, it did not demonstrate clear benefits for thyroid function specifically when isolated. This highlights the need for more focused clinical trials to confirm its efficacy in thyroid health outcomes [1]. Additionally, another study indicated that magnesium supplementation, particularly when coupled with levothyroxine, could help reduce inflammation, but again, concrete evidence specifically linking magnesium to enhanced thyroid function was not established [2].
Moreover, while some research indicates potential improvements in thyroid hormone levels with combined supplementation of magnesium, zinc, and vitamin A showing positive outcomes, it remains uncertain if magnesium alone can deliver similar benefits [5]. Overall, while magnesium's role may show promise in supporting overall thyroid health, it cannot be deemed as scientifically supported for improving hypothyroidism on its own without further rigorous studies.
Users have reported a range of improvements in symptoms after starting magnesium supplementation for hypothyroidism. Many experienced enhancements in overall wellbeing, with one user specifically noting that gastrointestinal issues improved significantly after initiating supplementation Read Review. Additionally, several individuals found that their sleep quality benefitted, with one reviewer stating they slept better and felt an uplift in their mood within a few weeks Read Review.
Moreover, individuals have noted that magnesium supplementation helped alleviate specific cravings and symptoms related to hormonal fluctuations, such as menstrual discomfort Read Review. Other users highlighted noticeable energy boosts, particularly in the mornings, contributing positively to their daily functioning and quality of life Read Review. While results may vary from person to person, many have found magnesium malate to be a valuable addition to their regimen for managing hypothyroidism symptoms.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have found positive synergy in combining magnesium supplements, particularly magnesium malate, with their hypothyroidism treatment. One user specifically noted that after starting magnesium supplementation, their problematic cravings for chocolate diminished significantly, helping them resist unhealthy sweets, which reflects the potential of magnesium to influence dietary choices and overall wellbeing Read Review. Several reviewers also emphasized how magnesium assists in alleviating symptoms associated with hypothyroidism; for example, improvements in sleep quality and mood were commonly reported after consistent use, reinforcing its role in managing these conditions Read Review.
Moreover, users mentioned incorporating magnesium as part of their broader treatment plans, indicating its critical role in enhancing metabolic health and reducing stress, which are vital for those with hypothyroidism. One reviewer even shared their experience of taking magnesium as prescribed by their doctor, reporting enhanced sleep and mood, illustrating that a recommended dosage can lead to significant improvements Read Review. Overall, the feedback suggests that combining magnesium supplements with standard hypothyroidism treatments can yield beneficial effects, potentially alleviating various symptoms and improving overall quality of life.
Based on user reviews, the appropriate dose of magnesium for treating hypothyroidism appears to vary, with some users reporting specific recommendations from their healthcare providers. One user mentioned that their doctor prescribed a daily intake of 500 mg for three months, emphasizing magnesium's importance for metabolism and stress relief, both of which influence overall health, especially concerning weight and mood Read Review. Other users shared anecdotes about taking varying amounts; for instance, one user found taking 4-5 capsules in the morning to be effective for energy and sleep improvement Read Review.
Overall, users report positive effects from magnesium supplementation, with particular forms such as magnesium malate being highlighted for their efficacy in improving wellbeing Read Review. However, it's important for individuals to consult with their healthcare providers to determine the most appropriate dosage for their specific health needs related to hypothyroidism.
7.5
Supports digestive health
3 people found this helpful
Good magnesium! It has worked well for me in treating subclinical hypothyroidism. Compared to other brands, I found this one superior. I have struggled with gastrointestinal issues all my life, and since starting magnesium, everything has improved. Sleep quality also enhanced within the first week of taking it. These benefits are quite remarkable!
7.5
Better sleep quality
1 people found this helpful
This magnesium pill is large and challenging to swallow, yet it’s effective. At 41 and living with hypothyroidism, my doctor prescribed a daily intake of 500 mg for three months. Magnesium is critical for metabolism and eases stress, affecting overall health, especially weight and mood. I take it in the evening, and I generally sleep better with an improved mood. However, the large size has caused me to pause taking it. Despite this, it has an excellent formulation with magnesium malate.
8
Quick effect
This magnesium is particularly beneficial for hypothyroidism. It provides a noticeable energy boost in the mornings, and I appreciate its high quality and effect. The pills are not small but are manageable for me.
7.5
Health improvement
I began taking magnesium according to Kornilova's treatment plan for hypothyroidism and noticed an improvement in my health. It has made my menstrual symptoms more manageable.
7.5
Curbing cravings
1 people found this helpful
Magnesium malate has been excellent for my hypothyroidism; I’ve noticed an improvement in my wellbeing. When I'm low on magnesium, I crave chocolate, but after taking this supplement, that craving vanishes, making it easier to avoid sweets.
9
Increased energy
This high-quality magnesium has great ingredients and packaging. When I'm fatigued or have sore muscles, it helps activate my energy. Taking 4-5 capsules in the morning improves my sleep. I will continue purchasing it as it is very necessary, especially with my hypothyroidism!
7
Magnesium's role in hypothyroidism
The Effect of Some Micronutrients Multi-Supplementation on Thyroid Function, Metabolic Features and Quality of Life in Patients Treating With Levothyroxine and Vitamin D: A Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.
We explored how magnesium, as part of a broader supplementation strategy, influences thyroid function and overall well-being in patients with hypothyroidism. In a well-structured study, 104 individuals receiving traditional treatment with levothyroxine and vitamin D were randomly divided into two groups. One group received a combination of essential micronutrients, including magnesium, while the other received placebos over an 8-week period.
Our observations highlighted changes in insulin resistance and quality of life after the intervention, suggesting that micronutrient supplementation could have a bearing on these aspects of health. However, the specifics regarding magnesium's isolated effect on thyroid function were less clear due to the multi-nutritional approach taken in this trial.
While we acknowledge promising results related to quality of life, we must clarify that the study does not provide concrete evidence that magnesium alone significantly improves thyroid function. Further, more focused clinical trials are necessary to ascertain the role of magnesium, allowing for a better understanding of its potential benefits in hypothyroid patients.
9
Magnesium improves hypothyroid inflammation
Effect of magnesium sulfate and thyroxine on inflammatory markers in a rat model of hypothyroidism.
We explored the interaction between magnesium sulfate and levothyroxine in managing inflammation related to hypothyroidism. In this study, we used 60 male rats, dividing them into six different groups. These included normals, those given magnesium, hypothyroid rats, and various combinations of treatments with levothyroxine and magnesium.
Our findings showed that hypothyroidism led to an increase in inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, while decreasing vital thyroid hormones. When we treated hypothyroid rats with either levothyroxine or magnesium, these inflammatory markers significantly decreased.
Notably, the rats that received a combination of both treatments experienced the most significant reduction in inflammation. This suggests that chronic low-grade inflammation in hypothyroid conditions might elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Overall, using magnesium and levothyroxine together seems to be more effective in reducing inflammation compared to either treatment alone.
8
Magnesium shows potential benefits
Randomized Study of the Effects of Zinc, Vitamin A, and Magnesium Co-supplementation on Thyroid Function, Oxidative Stress, and hs-CRP in Patients with Hypothyroidism.
We conducted a randomized double-blind study to see how supplementation with zinc, magnesium, and vitamin A might affect hypothyroidism.
In our trial with 86 participants, those receiving the supplements showed improved thyroid function, indicated by a significant increase in serum FT4 levels.
However, no noteworthy changes were observed in the control group regarding thyroid hormones.
Overall, while the supplementation shows promise for some thyroid improvement, it's not a guaranteed solution for everyone.
References
Nikkhah M, Vafa M, Abiri B, Golgiri F, Sarbakhsh P, et al. The Effect of Some Micronutrients Multi-Supplementation on Thyroid Function, Metabolic Features and Quality of Life in Patients Treating With Levothyroxine and Vitamin D: A Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2024;38:133. doi:10.47176/mjiri.38.133
Abbas AM, Sakr HF. Effect of magnesium sulfate and thyroxine on inflammatory markers in a rat model of hypothyroidism. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016;94:426. doi:10.1139/cjpp-2015-0247
Moncayo R, Moncayo H. Proof of concept of the WOMED model of benign thyroid disease: Restitution of thyroid morphology after correction of physical and psychological stressors and magnesium supplementation. BBA Clin. 2015;3:113. doi:10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.12.005
Liu S, Huang W, Lin Y, Wang Y, Li H, et al. Machine learning-based exploration of the associations between multiple minerals' intake and thyroid dysfunction: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Front Nutr. 2025;12:1522232. doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1522232
Rabbani E, Golgiri F, Janani L, Moradi N, Fallah S, et al. Randomized Study of the Effects of Zinc, Vitamin A, and Magnesium Co-supplementation on Thyroid Function, Oxidative Stress, and hs-CRP in Patients with Hypothyroidism. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199:4074. doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02548-3
Kasuga Y, Murayama N. Scales in a dog after levothyroxine sodium treatment: A case report. Open Vet J. 2024;14:2707. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.21
Zhang Y, Li X, Wang XJ, Yang JP, Li JM, et al. A case report on congenital hypothyroidism and alpha thalassemia in children with anemia and muscle damage as the main manifestation. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024;103:e39446. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000039446
Li X, Cao C. Levothyroxine sodium tablets reversed Hashimoto thyroiditis-induced kidney injury, muscle injury, and lipid metabolism disorder: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024;103:e39190. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000039190
Li X, Liang K, Dong Y, Li S, Gao Z, et al. Effects and Action Mode of Oleic Acid and Azone on Release and Penetration Process of Levothyroxine Sodium Patches. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2024;25:180. doi:10.1208/s12249-024-02875-x