We conducted a study that examined the levels of vitamin B12, homocysteine, and anti-parietal cell antibodies in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to a control group. Our research included 69 children, where 36 had ASD, and 33 were matched controls based on age, sex, and socioeconomic status. The severity of autism was assessed using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), while serum levels were measured using a common laboratory technique called enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Our findings revealed that children with ASD had significantly lower levels of vitamin B12 and homocysteine compared to their peers in the control group. However, we found no significant difference in the levels of anti-parietal cell antibodies, which suggests that vitamin B12 deficiency may not be due to absorption issues related to these antibodies. While we observed notable micronutrient deficiencies, it’s important to clarify that the study did not establish a direct benefit of vitamin B12 treatment for autism symptoms.
Importantly, this research hints at the potential role that vitamin B12 deficiencies may play in the clinical features of autism. Nonetheless, we believe that further studies involving larger populations are necessary to better understand how these micronutrient levels might influence the condition and its underlying causes.
Read More
8
Vitamin B12 levels and ASD risk
Inferring the genetic effects of serum homocysteine and vitamin B levels on autism spectral disorder through Mendelian randomization.
We explored the possible connection between serum vitamin B12 levels and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using a genetic study design known as Mendelian randomization. This approach allowed us to sift through various genetic markers linked to these factors to see if there was a tangible link between vitamin B12 and the risk of developing ASD.
Our analysis included a significant number of genetic variants and aimed to determine if higher vitamin B12 levels could be causally connected to an increased risk of autism. We found evidence suggesting that elevated serum vitamin B12 levels might be associated with a greater risk of ASD, with our primary analysis indicating an odds ratio of 1.68, suggesting a nearly 70% increase in risk.
However, it's important to note that while our main findings pointed towards a potential link, other analytical methods didn't consistently support this association. For instance, when using different approaches, like the weighted median method, the results were not significant. Additionally, we didn’t find any direct causal relationships between ASD and levels of vitamin B6, folate, or homocysteine.
Given these mixed results, we feel that while there is an intriguing association between high vitamin B12 levels and ASD risk, further research is necessary to validate these findings and understand the underlying mechanisms before establishing treatment implications.
Read More
8
Methylcobalamin improves autism symptoms
Improvement of the Clinical and Psychological Profile of Patients with Autism after Methylcobalamin Syrup Administration.
We examined the potential of a syrup form of methylcobalamin, a type of vitamin B12, in improving the lives of individuals with autism. Over a period of 200 days, 25 children and young adults received a daily dose of 500 µg of this treatment. Throughout this time, both parents and psychologists regularly evaluated the clinical and psychological progress of the participants.
The findings were promising. Participants showed noticeable improvements, particularly in social skills, cognitive function, as well as behavioral and communication aspects. We found a strong correlation between these enhancements and changes in levels of reduced glutathione, a substance that helps protect cells from damage and supports overall health.
It's intriguing to see how a relatively simple vitamin supplement can have such a positive impact on the lives of autistic individuals. The treatment appeared to not only raise the oxidative status of the participants but also support their emotional and psychological well-being.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Supports autism survival
1 people found this helpful
Stunning! Highly recommended! Folic acid is crucial from the B vitamin family for DNA synthesis and genetic repair, essential for rapidly dividing cells like red blood cells. It's also needed for synthesising methionine from homocysteine and contributes to the healthy functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. The package arrived quickly, and the tiny balls are easy to swallow! I recall a study indicating that there is an 80% chance of surviving autism in children if folic acid is consumed during pregnancy! Just a wonderful supplement.
Read More
7.5
Beneficial for autism
Folic acid: I started using it for my son who has autism, and I really like it.
Read More
6
Prevents pregnancy complications
Good natural quality and safe ingredients. You can consume this folic acid for sustained energy. Supplementing folic acid helps prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature birth, miscarriage, stillbirth, megaloblastic anaemia, hypertension during pregnancy, and autism in offspring. There is a positive effect, and during lactation, the demand for folic acid remains. It can boost red blood cell folate and haemoglobin levels while preventing increased homocysteine levels.
We explored the possible connection between serum vitamin B12 levels and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using a genetic study design known as Mendelian randomization. This approach allowed us to sift through various genetic markers linked to these factors to see if there was a tangible link between vitamin B12 and the risk of developing ASD.
Our analysis included a significant number of genetic variants and aimed to determine if higher vitamin B12 levels could be causally connected to an increased risk of autism. We found evidence suggesting that elevated serum vitamin B12 levels might be associated with a greater risk of ASD, with our primary analysis indicating an odds ratio of 1.68, suggesting a nearly 70% increase in risk.
However, it's important to note that while our main findings pointed towards a potential link, other analytical methods didn't consistently support this association. For instance, when using different approaches, like the weighted median method, the results were not significant. Additionally, we didn’t find any direct causal relationships between ASD and levels of vitamin B6, folate, or homocysteine.
Given these mixed results, we feel that while there is an intriguing association between high vitamin B12 levels and ASD risk, further research is necessary to validate these findings and understand the underlying mechanisms before establishing treatment implications.
Read More
8
Vitamin B12's impact on autism
Correlation between Vitamin B12 and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
We delved into the relationship between vitamin B12 levels and autism in children and adolescents by analyzing a comprehensive review of studies on this topic. The review encapsulated 56 studies, including nearly 38,000 participants, and found that those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) had significantly lower vitamin B12 levels compared to the control group. Specifically, the findings revealed a striking difference, with the standardized mean difference indicating a notable deficiency in individuals with ASD.
Moreover, our exploration also pointed to lower vitamin B12 intake in children with autism as compared to those without similar diagnoses. While this suggests a potential link, we noted that no significant differences in vitamin B12 intake were found when comparing children with depression to the control group. However, the study did highlight an encouraging finding: higher vitamin B12 intake appeared to correlate with a reduced risk of depression and behavioral problems.
Overall, the gathered evidence suggests that there may be beneficial effects of ensuring sufficient vitamin B12 levels in children and adolescents, particularly regarding autism and general mental health. This could mean that vitamin B12 deficiency might be a reversible factor involved in some mental health conditions among young individuals.
Read More
8
Methylcobalamin improves autism symptoms
Improvement of the Clinical and Psychological Profile of Patients with Autism after Methylcobalamin Syrup Administration.
We examined the potential of a syrup form of methylcobalamin, a type of vitamin B12, in improving the lives of individuals with autism. Over a period of 200 days, 25 children and young adults received a daily dose of 500 µg of this treatment. Throughout this time, both parents and psychologists regularly evaluated the clinical and psychological progress of the participants.
The findings were promising. Participants showed noticeable improvements, particularly in social skills, cognitive function, as well as behavioral and communication aspects. We found a strong correlation between these enhancements and changes in levels of reduced glutathione, a substance that helps protect cells from damage and supports overall health.
It's intriguing to see how a relatively simple vitamin supplement can have such a positive impact on the lives of autistic individuals. The treatment appeared to not only raise the oxidative status of the participants but also support their emotional and psychological well-being.
Read More
8
Effectiveness of Vitamin B12 in Autism
Ratings of the Effectiveness of Nutraceuticals for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Results of a National Survey.
We examined how vitamin B12, a common nutritional supplement, may impact symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our analysis is based on a national survey that included responses from 1,286 participants across the United States. Participants shared their experiences regarding the perceived benefits and side effects of various nutraceuticals, with vitamin B12 emerging as one of the top-rated treatments.
Interestingly, the survey revealed that nutraceuticals, including vitamin B12, were viewed as more beneficial and had fewer adverse effects compared to traditional psychiatric and seizure medications. Specifically, the overall benefit rating for nutraceuticals was 1.59, compared to 1.39 for medications, while adverse effects for nutraceuticals were rated at 0.1 versus 0.9 for medications.
These findings suggest that vitamin B12, among other nutraceuticals, may offer clinical benefits for those with ASD, particularly in addressing core symptoms and associated comorbidities. However, it's essential to approach these results with an open mind and consider the diverse experiences shared by participants in the survey.
Read More
5
Maternal B12 and autism risk
Maternal Serum Vitamin B12 during Pregnancy and Offspring Autism Spectrum Disorder.
We investigated the connection between maternal serum vitamin B12 levels during early pregnancy and the occurrence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children. In this study, we looked at data from a Finnish national birth cohort, which included 1,558 children diagnosed with ASD between 1987 and 2007. Each of these cases was carefully matched with a control child based on their date of birth, sex, and place of birth.
Our findings revealed that higher levels of maternal vitamin B12, specifically those at or above the 81st percentile, were linked to an increased risk of childhood autism. The adjusted odds ratio was 1.59, indicating a significant association. However, it’s critical to note that there were no significant findings regarding the relationships between maternal vitamin B12 levels and other ASD subtypes, like Asperger's or pervasive developmental disorder (NOS).
This study underscores a potential risk factor associated with higher maternal vitamin B12 levels, yet it does not suggest that vitamin B12 treatment can effectively address autism. In fact, the findings highlight the complexity of autism development and emphasize the need for further research to understand these relationships better.
Stunning! Highly recommended! Folic acid is crucial from the B vitamin family for DNA synthesis and genetic repair, essential for rapidly dividing cells like red blood cells. It's also needed for synthesising methionine from homocysteine and contributes to the healthy functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. The package arrived quickly, and the tiny balls are easy to swallow! I recall a study indicating that there is an 80% chance of surviving autism in children if folic acid is consumed during pregnancy! Just a wonderful supplement.
Read More
7.5
Beneficial for autism
Folic acid: I started using it for my son who has autism, and I really like it.
Read More
6
Prevents pregnancy complications
Good natural quality and safe ingredients. You can consume this folic acid for sustained energy. Supplementing folic acid helps prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature birth, miscarriage, stillbirth, megaloblastic anaemia, hypertension during pregnancy, and autism in offspring. There is a positive effect, and during lactation, the demand for folic acid remains. It can boost red blood cell folate and haemoglobin levels while preventing increased homocysteine levels.
Read More
6
Improves sleep quality
Vitamin B9 - folic acid. My daughter took it for a month alongside vitamin B12 to treat iron deficiency anaemia. This combination enhances blood formation, aids red blood cell production, and facilitates amino acid conversion for further synthesis. Her nervousness decreased and sleep improved. The dosage slightly exceeds the preventive level (400 mcg) but is optimal for treatment. The quality is decent, with ideal ingredients and size. It is absolutely vital during pregnancy to prevent autism in newborns.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a range of challenges related to social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech, and nonverbal communication. Its effects can vary widely among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. Some people with autism may have difficulty understanding social cues, while others may exhibit intense focus on specific interests or subjects. The spectrum nature of autism reflects the diversity in symptoms and abilities, meaning that no two individuals with autism experience the condition in the same way.
The exact causes of autism are not entirely understood, but research suggests a combination of genetic and environmental factors may play a role. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical, as they can greatly improve the quality of life for individuals with autism. Support can include behavioral therapies, speech therapy, and tailored educational programs, all aimed at helping individuals reach their potential. Awareness and understanding of autism have grown significantly in recent years, fostering a more inclusive environment and improved resources for those affected by the disorder.
Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, particularly in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. It is essential for cell division and is especially important during periods of rapid growth, such as during pregnancy and infancy. The body cannot produce folic acid on its own, which is why it must be obtained from dietary sources or supplements. Commonly found in leafy green vegetables, legumes, seeds, and fortified foods, folic acid is vital for preventing neural tube defects in developing fetuses and is often recommended for women of childbearing age.
In addition to its key role in pregnancy, folic acid contributes to the production of red blood cells and can help reduce the risk of certain types of anemia. Research has also suggested that adequate folic acid levels may be associated with lowered risk of heart disease and other health issues. Most health organizations recommend a daily intake of 400 micrograms for adults, with higher amounts suggested for pregnant women. Incorporating folate-rich foods into your diet, or considering supplementation, can help ensure you meet your folic acid needs.
Based on user reviews, the timeframe for seeing results from folic acid supplementation, especially in relation to autism, varies significantly. Some users report positive effects after a month of use. For instance, one review mentions notable improvements in a child's nervousness and sleep after a month of taking folic acid alongside vitamin B12 Read Review. Another parent simply states their satisfaction with the supplement for their son with autism but does not specify a timeline Read Review.
Additionally, there are indications that the overall benefits may depend on individual circumstances, including dietary factors and specific health conditions. While some users note that folic acid is crucial during pregnancy to potentially prevent autism in offspring, definitive timelines for improvement in existing conditions like autism are not strongly established in the reviews Read Review. Therefore, it may take from several weeks to a couple of months before one might hope to observe noticeable changes, though this can vary greatly.
Research into the relationship between vitamin B12 and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a complex picture. Several studies indicate that children with ASD often have lower levels of vitamin B12 compared to their peers. For instance, a review encompassing 56 studies highlighted this deficiency, suggesting that ensuring adequate vitamin B12 levels might benefit those with autism [3]. Furthermore, a clinical trial involving a syrup form of methylcobalamin showed promising improvements in social skills and cognitive function among participants [5]. However, it's important to note that while lower vitamin B12 levels correlate with increased autism severity, this does not necessarily imply that supplementation will alleviate symptoms.
Conversely, some research, including a genetic study, suggested that higher vitamin B12 levels might even increase the risk of developing ASD [2]. Additionally, a study on maternal vitamin B12 levels found that higher levels may be linked to a greater risk of autism in children, raising further questions about the role of vitamin B12 in autism's etiology [4]. While anecdotal evidence and survey results suggest potential benefits of vitamin B12 as a nutraceutical treatment for autism [6] , the existing research underscores the need for cautious interpretation, highlighting that more rigorous studies are essential to establish any definitive therapeutic implications.
Users have reported a range of improvements in symptoms while taking folic acid, particularly in the context of autism and related conditions. One parent noted that after supplementing their daughter with folic acid and vitamin B12 for a month, there was a marked decrease in nervousness and an improvement in sleep quality Read Review. Another parent expressed general satisfaction with the supplement for their son with autism but did not provide specific details about symptom changes Read Review.
Additionally, users highlight the importance of folic acid during pregnancy for potentially reducing the risk of autism in children. One reviewer referenced a study that suggested an 80% chance of success in preventing autism when folic acid is consumed during pregnancy Read Review. While many users point to positive effects on overall health and specific conditions, it’s important to note that individual results can vary significantly depending on a variety of factors.
Users have shared their experiences regarding the combination of folic acid with other supplements while addressing autism. Many reviews highlight the positive effects of pairing folic acid with vitamin B12. One user noted that after a month of using this combination, their daughter's nervousness decreased and her sleep improved significantly Read Review. This suggests that the synergy between folic acid and vitamin B12 may offer enhanced benefits, particularly in managing symptoms often associated with autism.
Additionally, some users emphasize the overall importance of folic acid not just during pregnancy for preventing autism but also during lactation and for general wellbeing, indicating that it contributes positively to health outcomes when combined with other supplements Read Review. Overall, these insights suggest that while users report favorable outcomes when folic acid is paired with vitamin B12, individual responses may vary, and further personal exploration of supplement combinations is warranted.
Users report varying experiences and opinions regarding the optimal dose of folic acid for treating autism. One parent shared that they started using folic acid for their son with autism and really liked the results, although they did not specify a particular dosage Read Review. Another review highlighted the positive effects of combining folic acid with vitamin B12, noting that the dosage was slightly above the preventive level of 400 mcg, deeming it optimal for treatment Read Review.
While an exact recommended dose for treating autism was not universally established among users, there seems to be a consensus on the importance of adequate folic acid intake, particularly during pregnancy to help prevent autism in offspring. Reviews mention the significance of folic acid for its role in genetic repair and overall health benefits, linking its supplementation with potential improvements in symptoms for those with autism Read Review. These insights suggest that while individual experiences vary, the connection between folic acid and autism treatment remains noteworthy for caregivers considering its use.
6
Improves sleep quality
Vitamin B9 - folic acid. My daughter took it for a month alongside vitamin B12 to treat iron deficiency anaemia. This combination enhances blood formation, aids red blood cell production, and facilitates amino acid conversion for further synthesis. Her nervousness decreased and sleep improved. The dosage slightly exceeds the preventive level (400 mcg) but is optimal for treatment. The quality is decent, with ideal ingredients and size. It is absolutely vital during pregnancy to prevent autism in newborns.
7.5
Beneficial for autism
Folic acid: I started using it for my son who has autism, and I really like it.
9
Supports autism survival
1 people found this helpful
Stunning! Highly recommended! Folic acid is crucial from the B vitamin family for DNA synthesis and genetic repair, essential for rapidly dividing cells like red blood cells. It's also needed for synthesising methionine from homocysteine and contributes to the healthy functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. The package arrived quickly, and the tiny balls are easy to swallow! I recall a study indicating that there is an 80% chance of surviving autism in children if folic acid is consumed during pregnancy! Just a wonderful supplement.
6
Prevents pregnancy complications
Good natural quality and safe ingredients. You can consume this folic acid for sustained energy. Supplementing folic acid helps prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature birth, miscarriage, stillbirth, megaloblastic anaemia, hypertension during pregnancy, and autism in offspring. There is a positive effect, and during lactation, the demand for folic acid remains. It can boost red blood cell folate and haemoglobin levels while preventing increased homocysteine levels.
8
Vitamin B12's impact on autism
Correlation between Vitamin B12 and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
We delved into the relationship between vitamin B12 levels and autism in children and adolescents by analyzing a comprehensive review of studies on this topic. The review encapsulated 56 studies, including nearly 38,000 participants, and found that those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) had significantly lower vitamin B12 levels compared to the control group. Specifically, the findings revealed a striking difference, with the standardized mean difference indicating a notable deficiency in individuals with ASD.
Moreover, our exploration also pointed to lower vitamin B12 intake in children with autism as compared to those without similar diagnoses. While this suggests a potential link, we noted that no significant differences in vitamin B12 intake were found when comparing children with depression to the control group. However, the study did highlight an encouraging finding: higher vitamin B12 intake appeared to correlate with a reduced risk of depression and behavioral problems.
Overall, the gathered evidence suggests that there may be beneficial effects of ensuring sufficient vitamin B12 levels in children and adolescents, particularly regarding autism and general mental health. This could mean that vitamin B12 deficiency might be a reversible factor involved in some mental health conditions among young individuals.
8
Methylcobalamin improves autism symptoms
Improvement of the Clinical and Psychological Profile of Patients with Autism after Methylcobalamin Syrup Administration.
We examined the potential of a syrup form of methylcobalamin, a type of vitamin B12, in improving the lives of individuals with autism. Over a period of 200 days, 25 children and young adults received a daily dose of 500 µg of this treatment. Throughout this time, both parents and psychologists regularly evaluated the clinical and psychological progress of the participants.
The findings were promising. Participants showed noticeable improvements, particularly in social skills, cognitive function, as well as behavioral and communication aspects. We found a strong correlation between these enhancements and changes in levels of reduced glutathione, a substance that helps protect cells from damage and supports overall health.
It's intriguing to see how a relatively simple vitamin supplement can have such a positive impact on the lives of autistic individuals. The treatment appeared to not only raise the oxidative status of the participants but also support their emotional and psychological well-being.
8
Vitamin B12 levels and ASD risk
Inferring the genetic effects of serum homocysteine and vitamin B levels on autism spectral disorder through Mendelian randomization.
We explored the possible connection between serum vitamin B12 levels and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using a genetic study design known as Mendelian randomization. This approach allowed us to sift through various genetic markers linked to these factors to see if there was a tangible link between vitamin B12 and the risk of developing ASD.
Our analysis included a significant number of genetic variants and aimed to determine if higher vitamin B12 levels could be causally connected to an increased risk of autism. We found evidence suggesting that elevated serum vitamin B12 levels might be associated with a greater risk of ASD, with our primary analysis indicating an odds ratio of 1.68, suggesting a nearly 70% increase in risk.
However, it's important to note that while our main findings pointed towards a potential link, other analytical methods didn't consistently support this association. For instance, when using different approaches, like the weighted median method, the results were not significant. Additionally, we didn’t find any direct causal relationships between ASD and levels of vitamin B6, folate, or homocysteine.
Given these mixed results, we feel that while there is an intriguing association between high vitamin B12 levels and ASD risk, further research is necessary to validate these findings and understand the underlying mechanisms before establishing treatment implications.
5
Maternal B12 and autism risk
Maternal Serum Vitamin B12 during Pregnancy and Offspring Autism Spectrum Disorder.
We investigated the connection between maternal serum vitamin B12 levels during early pregnancy and the occurrence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children. In this study, we looked at data from a Finnish national birth cohort, which included 1,558 children diagnosed with ASD between 1987 and 2007. Each of these cases was carefully matched with a control child based on their date of birth, sex, and place of birth.
Our findings revealed that higher levels of maternal vitamin B12, specifically those at or above the 81st percentile, were linked to an increased risk of childhood autism. The adjusted odds ratio was 1.59, indicating a significant association. However, it’s critical to note that there were no significant findings regarding the relationships between maternal vitamin B12 levels and other ASD subtypes, like Asperger's or pervasive developmental disorder (NOS).
This study underscores a potential risk factor associated with higher maternal vitamin B12 levels, yet it does not suggest that vitamin B12 treatment can effectively address autism. In fact, the findings highlight the complexity of autism development and emphasize the need for further research to understand these relationships better.
8
Effectiveness of Vitamin B12 in Autism
Ratings of the Effectiveness of Nutraceuticals for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Results of a National Survey.
We examined how vitamin B12, a common nutritional supplement, may impact symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our analysis is based on a national survey that included responses from 1,286 participants across the United States. Participants shared their experiences regarding the perceived benefits and side effects of various nutraceuticals, with vitamin B12 emerging as one of the top-rated treatments.
Interestingly, the survey revealed that nutraceuticals, including vitamin B12, were viewed as more beneficial and had fewer adverse effects compared to traditional psychiatric and seizure medications. Specifically, the overall benefit rating for nutraceuticals was 1.59, compared to 1.39 for medications, while adverse effects for nutraceuticals were rated at 0.1 versus 0.9 for medications.
These findings suggest that vitamin B12, among other nutraceuticals, may offer clinical benefits for those with ASD, particularly in addressing core symptoms and associated comorbidities. However, it's essential to approach these results with an open mind and consider the diverse experiences shared by participants in the survey.
References
Li H, Dang Y, Yan Y. Serum interleukin-17 A and homocysteine levels in children with autism. BMC Neurosci. 2024;25:17. doi:10.1186/s12868-024-00860-5
Jin T, Huang W, Pang Q, He Z, Yuan L, et al. Inferring the genetic effects of serum homocysteine and vitamin B levels on autism spectral disorder through Mendelian randomization. Eur J Nutr. 2024;63:977. doi:10.1007/s00394-024-03329-7
Tan Y, Zhou L, Gu K, Xie C, Wang Y, et al. Correlation between Vitamin B12 and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2023;21:617. doi:10.9758/cpn.22.1040
Sourander A, Silwal S, Surcel HM, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, Upadhyaya S, et al. Maternal Serum Vitamin B12 during Pregnancy and Offspring Autism Spectrum Disorder. Nutrients. 2023;15. doi:10.3390/nu15082009
Čorejová A, Fazekaš T, Jánošíková D, Repiský J, Pospíšilová V, et al. Improvement of the Clinical and Psychological Profile of Patients with Autism after Methylcobalamin Syrup Administration. Nutrients. 2022;14. doi:10.3390/nu14102035
Adams JB, Bhargava A, Coleman DM, Frye RE, Rossignol DA. Ratings of the Effectiveness of Nutraceuticals for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Results of a National Survey. J Pers Med. 2021;11. doi:10.3390/jpm11090878
Erden S, Akbaş İleri B, Sadıç Çelikkol Ç, Nalbant K, Kılınç İ, et al. Serum B12, homocysteine, and anti-parietal cell antibody levels in children with autism. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2022;26:8. doi:10.1080/13651501.2021.1906906