We explored the effects of vitamin B12 deficiency on neurological health in elderly patients. In a case study involving two patients, we observed that even with normal B12 levels, symptoms like fatigue and cognitive impairment persisted, especially in those with significant medical histories.
Treatment with hydroxocobalamin injections led to notable improvements in both patients’ cognitive and motor functions. This highlights the importance of recognizing vitamin B12 deficiency in older adults, even when traditional tests suggest adequate levels.
Read More
7
Vitamin B12 aids in neuropathy recovery
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord with cerebellar lesions: A case report.
We explored a case involving a 41-year-old woman who experienced unstable walking due to a vitamin B12 deficiency. Her symptoms were related to subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, which affected her nerve health.
After starting vitamin B12 treatment, we observed significant improvements in her limb weakness and overall muscle strength, recovering to a notable level. This case highlights the critical importance of early diagnosis and intervention for vitamin deficiencies to prevent irreversible nerve damage.
Read More
9
Methylcobalamin shows high bioavailability
Pharmacokinetic profiles of methylcobalamin in rats after multiple administration routes by a simple LC-MS/MS assay with a small volume of plasma.
We investigated how methylcobalamin, a form of vitamin B12, affects neuropathy by exploring its pharmacokinetics in rats. Our study utilized a straightforward method to assess the levels of methylcobalamin in the bloodstream using just a drop of plasma.
Under controlled conditions, we extracted methylcobalamin from rat plasma and developed an efficient assay using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that methylcobalamin was effectively quantified even at low concentrations, demonstrating the robustness of our approach.
We administered methylcobalamin through various routes—intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous—to evaluate its bioavailability. Our findings revealed that methylcobalamin demonstrates high bioavailability, particularly after intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, significantly supporting its potential effectiveness in treating peripheral neuropathies.
Overall, this study suggests that methylcobalamin could be a valuable treatment option for neuropathy, providing a basis for further research into its benefits for those suffering from nerve-related conditions.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
10
Cured neuropathy pain
508 people found this helpful
My friend, a type II Diabetic, had severe neuropathy pain caused by a B-12 deficiency due to statins and metformin. After his doctor removed him from these medications and administered B-12 shots, the neuropathy pain in his feet began to diminish temporarily. However, he found lasting relief through Methyl B-12 supplements and SERRAPEPTASE, which repaired his myelin sheathing and addressed the nerve damage caused by his previous medications. Now, he’s regaining his life without neuropathy and is also working on managing his diabetes.
Read More
10
Burning feet relieved
70 people found this helpful
THE ONLY PRODUCT FOR ME!!! LITERALLY SAVED MY LIFE. I cannot speak for others, only for myself. When you suffer from diabetic neuropathy and your feet burn, taking Jarrow Formula Methyl B-12 (5000 mcg) stops the burning! It works wonders. No buzzing or pins and needles, and I keep my stress down while controlling my sugar. I once bought a cheaper brand with folic acid and Vitamin C, but that was a BIG MISTAKE – my feet started burning again. I returned to the lovely Jarrow Methyl B-12 5000, and it was the best decision ever. Thanks, Jarrow!
Read More
10
Pain-free living
26 people found this helpful
Methyl B-12 has been a lifesaver for my severe diabetic neuropathy. After 2 1/2 years of suffering, I’m now virtually pain-free. I can walk without a limp and have the energy to exercise, which will help me long-term. Feeling helpless for so long, I finally feel as if I have my life back. Though it may sound exaggerated, I assure you it’s the truth. People around me are amazed at the transformation.
We examined a unique case involving a 33-year-old woman with HIV who experienced sudden vision loss linked to vitamin B12 deficiency. Initially treated with B12 tablets for severe peripheral neuropathy, her condition escalated to optic neuritis. Upon diagnosis, she received prednisolone and daily B12 injections. After five months of this treatment, she reported a significant recovery in her vision. This case highlights the importance of recognizing vitamin B12 deficiency’s potential eye-related symptoms, especially in patients with underlying health conditions like HIV, to ensure timely intervention.
Read More
9
Methylcobalamin shows high bioavailability
Pharmacokinetic profiles of methylcobalamin in rats after multiple administration routes by a simple LC-MS/MS assay with a small volume of plasma.
We investigated how methylcobalamin, a form of vitamin B12, affects neuropathy by exploring its pharmacokinetics in rats. Our study utilized a straightforward method to assess the levels of methylcobalamin in the bloodstream using just a drop of plasma.
Under controlled conditions, we extracted methylcobalamin from rat plasma and developed an efficient assay using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that methylcobalamin was effectively quantified even at low concentrations, demonstrating the robustness of our approach.
We administered methylcobalamin through various routes—intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous—to evaluate its bioavailability. Our findings revealed that methylcobalamin demonstrates high bioavailability, particularly after intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, significantly supporting its potential effectiveness in treating peripheral neuropathies.
Overall, this study suggests that methylcobalamin could be a valuable treatment option for neuropathy, providing a basis for further research into its benefits for those suffering from nerve-related conditions.
Read More
8
Pernicious anemia and B12 treatment
A long-standing undiagnosed case of vitamin B12 deficiency: a case report.
We examined the case of a 40-year-old woman suffering from a decade of vague symptoms, including pain and cognitive issues, before being diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency due to pernicious anemia.
Despite low B12 levels showing no typical signs of anemia, the use of parenteral B12 treatment led to her neurological improvement. This case reinforces how vital it is to recognize B12 deficiency even when classic symptoms aren't present, ensuring timely treatment to avoid serious complications.
Read More
8
Vitamin B12 improves diabetic neuropathy
The Effectiveness of Steroid Versus Vitamin Therapy in the Improvement of Extraocular Movements in Patients With Diabetic Cranial Nerve Palsy: A Comparative Study.
We explored the effectiveness of steroid treatment versus vitamin B12 therapy for improving diabetic ocular nerve palsy. Our study involved fifty participants, with half receiving steroids and the other half vitamin B12 injections.
After assessing ocular movements at various intervals, we found that the vitamin B12 group experienced a greater improvement than the steroid group. This suggests that vitamin therapy could play a significant role in enhancing eye movement and addressing underlying nutritional deficiencies.
Ultimately, vitamin B12 therapy presents a promising option for those with diabetic mononeuropathies.
Read More
8
Vitamin B12 treatment shows promise
Correlation Between Nitrous Oxide and Functional Vitamin B12 Deficiency Resulting in Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord: A Case Report.
We explored the connection between nitrous oxide use and vitamin B12 deficiency, specifically focusing on neurological issues like peripheral neuropathy. Through a reported case of nitrous oxide-induced subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, we identified a functional B12 deficiency despite normal serum levels.
The good news is that treatment with intramuscular vitamin B12 showed notable clinical improvement. This suggests that B12 may be beneficial for those with similar deficiencies related to nitrous oxide exposure.
My friend, a type II Diabetic, had severe neuropathy pain caused by a B-12 deficiency due to statins and metformin. After his doctor removed him from these medications and administered B-12 shots, the neuropathy pain in his feet began to diminish temporarily. However, he found lasting relief through Methyl B-12 supplements and SERRAPEPTASE, which repaired his myelin sheathing and addressed the nerve damage caused by his previous medications. Now, he’s regaining his life without neuropathy and is also working on managing his diabetes.
Read More
10
Burning feet relieved
70 people found this helpful
THE ONLY PRODUCT FOR ME!!! LITERALLY SAVED MY LIFE. I cannot speak for others, only for myself. When you suffer from diabetic neuropathy and your feet burn, taking Jarrow Formula Methyl B-12 (5000 mcg) stops the burning! It works wonders. No buzzing or pins and needles, and I keep my stress down while controlling my sugar. I once bought a cheaper brand with folic acid and Vitamin C, but that was a BIG MISTAKE – my feet started burning again. I returned to the lovely Jarrow Methyl B-12 5000, and it was the best decision ever. Thanks, Jarrow!
Read More
10
Pain-free living
26 people found this helpful
Methyl B-12 has been a lifesaver for my severe diabetic neuropathy. After 2 1/2 years of suffering, I’m now virtually pain-free. I can walk without a limp and have the energy to exercise, which will help me long-term. Feeling helpless for so long, I finally feel as if I have my life back. Though it may sound exaggerated, I assure you it’s the truth. People around me are amazed at the transformation.
Read More
9
Effective dosage
10 people found this helpful
This higher dosage worked wonders for my neuropathy! Taking one Jarrow 5000 mcg Methyl B-12 lozenge every third day has effectively combat my neuropathic pain in my feet. AND IT WORKS!
Read More
10
Life-changing benefits
9 people found this helpful
I have dealt with rheumatoid arthritis for over ten years, and this year has been tough. I found that avoiding gluten eased my pain, but my feet still hurt significantly. Research on peripheral neuropathy and B12 deficiency led me to try Jarrow Methyl B-12, which has changed my life. The terrible pain subsided within days, and now I can walk almost pain-free while focussing on recovery.
Neuropathy refers to a condition characterized by damage or dysfunction of the peripheral nerves, which are essential components of the nervous system that relay information between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. This can result in a variety of symptoms, including pain, tingling, numbness, weakness, or impaired coordination, predominantly affecting the hands and feet. Neuropathy can stem from various causes, such as diabetes, infections, autoimmune diseases, exposure to toxins, and certain medications. The impact on daily life can vary, with some individuals experiencing minimal interference, while others may find their condition debilitating.
Treatment for neuropathy generally focuses on managing symptoms and addressing the underlying cause. Options may include medications like pain relievers, anticonvulsants, and topical treatments, as well as physical therapy and lifestyle modifications. In certain cases, addressing the root cause, such as controlling blood sugar levels for diabetic neuropathy, can significantly improve symptoms. If you suspect you may have neuropathy, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in several vital functions in the human body. It is essential for red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. Naturally occurring in animal products, the vitamin can be found in high concentrations in meat, fish, eggs, and dairy, making it particularly important for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, as plant-based sources of B12 are limited and often require supplementation.
A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to serious health issues, including anemia, fatigue, memory problems, and nerve damage. Due to its significance, it's crucial for individuals, particularly those at risk of deficiency, to ensure adequate intake through diet or supplementation. For most adults, the recommended daily allowance (RDA) is around 2.4 micrograms, though pregnant or breastfeeding women may require higher amounts. If you're considering B12 supplements, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best option for your specific needs and health status.
Vitamin B12 is often discussed in relation to neuropathy, particularly because deficiencies can lead to nerve damage and neurological issues. Supplementation with B12 may help alleviate symptoms associated with neuropathy, especially in individuals who have low levels of the vitamin. Symptoms may include tingling, numbness, or pain in the extremities, which can be quite disruptive to daily life. Therefore, if you suspect that your neuropathy may be related to a B12 deficiency—common among vegetarians, vegans, and older adults—it might be beneficial to consult with a healthcare professional about incorporating B12 into your regimen.
However, it’s important to note that while B12 may help with neuropathy caused by deficiency, it might not be effective for neuropathy resulting from other causes, such as diabetes or chemotherapy. In such cases, the underlying condition needs specific treatment. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, as they can help determine the best course of action for your particular situation and ensure it fits well with your overall health plan.
Based on user reviews, the timeline for seeing results from Jarrow Methyl B-12 for neuropathy can vary, but many report noticeable improvements within days to weeks. One user mentioned experiencing significant relief from terrible pain in just a few days after starting the supplement Read Review. Another user, after suffering for over two years, found themselves virtually pain-free within a few months Read Review.
Some users report that consistent use has effectively managed neuropathic symptoms over an extended period, emphasizing the importance of patience and adherence to a regular regimen Read Review. Overall, while individual results may vary, many users indicate that they began to feel the positive effects relatively quickly, with complete relief taking a bit longer depending on the severity of their condition.
Scientific research indicates that vitamin B12 may have relevance in managing neuropathy, particularly when deficiencies are present. For example, a study noted a significant association between low vitamin B12 levels and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in individuals with type-2 diabetes, suggesting that addressing such deficiencies could be beneficial [10]. Additionally, another case highlighted the effective use of vitamin B12 in improving neurological symptoms in a patient with nitrous oxide-induced neuropathy, further supporting the idea that supplementation can play a role in recovery from certain neuropathic conditions [7].
However, while vitamin B12 is acknowledged for its potential in alleviating neuropathic symptoms, it is essential to recognize that effectiveness may depend on individual cases and the presence of other deficiencies or conditions. In some scenarios, treatment with vitamin B12 did not yield significant improvements in neuropathic symptoms, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluation and management (e.g., in cases resembling POEMS syndrome) [12]. Overall, while vitamin B12 appears promising in supporting nerve health and treating certain types of neuropathy, its isolated effectiveness may be complex and further research is warranted to solidify its role in neuropathy treatment.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported significant improvements in their neuropathic symptoms after using Jarrow Methyl B-12. Users have noted a complete halt to burning sensations and a marked reduction in pain, with one reviewer stating that their debilitating foot pain subsided within days Read Review. Another user, who suffered from severe diabetic neuropathy for over two years, shared a remarkable transformation, becoming virtually pain-free and gaining the energy to exercise, underscoring how life-changing this supplement has been for them Read Review.
In addition to pain relief, users have reported alleviated sensations of numbness and tingling associated with neuropathy Read Review. Several reviews highlight the effectiveness of Jarrow Methyl B-12 in managing peripheral neuropathy symptoms, with users praising its impact not only on their nerve pain but also on aspects related to mental clarity and overall well-being Read Review. While experiences vary and individual results can differ, the consensus is that many find significant relief and improvement in their quality of life when using this product.
Based on user reviews, combining Jarrow Methyl B-12 with other supplements for neuropathy can yield positive results. One user noted the combination of Jarrow's product with Solgar work exceptionally well, stating that it effectively stops pain and tingling while providing an energy boost Read Review. This highlights the potential benefits of pairing Jarrow Methyl B-12 with complementary supplements to enhance its effectiveness further, especially in managing neuropathy symptoms.
Conversely, some users have shared experiences regarding other combinations that did not work as effectively. For instance, one user mentioned that using a cheaper brand containing folic acid and Vitamin C resulted in a return of burning sensations, emphasizing their preference for Jarrow Methyl B-12 instead Read Review. This feedback suggests that not all supplement combinations will yield the same positive outcomes, and users may find greater relief when sticking to well-reviewed options like Jarrow Methyl B-12.
Based on user reviews, it appears that a dosage of 5000 mcg of Methyl B-12 is commonly reported as effective for treating neuropathy, particularly in relation to diabetic neuropathy. One user shared that taking a Jarrow Formula Methyl B-12 5000 mcg lozenge has not only stopped the burning sensation in their feet but has also eliminated feelings of buzzing and pins and needles Read Review. Another reviewer noted that taking the same dosage every third day effectively combat their neuropathic pain Read Review.
Interestingly, some users recommend varying the frequency of use, with one mentioning that taking four tablets significantly alleviated their pain and tingling sensations while also providing a boost of energy Read Review. Another user, who experienced neuropathy as a side effect of chemotherapy, also found considerable improvement with the same dosage of 5000 mcg Read Review. Overall, users generally report positive outcomes associated with the 5000 mcg dosage for managing various forms of neuropathy.
10
Life-changing benefits
9 people found this helpful
I have dealt with rheumatoid arthritis for over ten years, and this year has been tough. I found that avoiding gluten eased my pain, but my feet still hurt significantly. Research on peripheral neuropathy and B12 deficiency led me to try Jarrow Methyl B-12, which has changed my life. The terrible pain subsided within days, and now I can walk almost pain-free while focussing on recovery.
10
Pain-free living
26 people found this helpful
Methyl B-12 has been a lifesaver for my severe diabetic neuropathy. After 2 1/2 years of suffering, I’m now virtually pain-free. I can walk without a limp and have the energy to exercise, which will help me long-term. Feeling helpless for so long, I finally feel as if I have my life back. Though it may sound exaggerated, I assure you it’s the truth. People around me are amazed at the transformation.
9
Effective dosage
10 people found this helpful
This higher dosage worked wonders for my neuropathy! Taking one Jarrow 5000 mcg Methyl B-12 lozenge every third day has effectively combat my neuropathic pain in my feet. AND IT WORKS!
9
Numbness improvement
2 people found this helpful
This excellent vitamin has greatly improved the numbness and tingling associated with my neuropathy.
7.5
Enhanced clarity
2 people found this helpful
Methyl B-12 has significantly reduced the effects of my peripheral neuropathy, especially the burning and shocking sensations in my feet. It has also improved my mental clarity.
8
Pain and tingling stopped
This product, along with Solgar, is the best for neuropathy. I take about 4 tablets, which stops the pain and tingling. It also gives me a burst of energy! Remember, it absorbs moisture quickly, so I store it in the fridge until I'm ready to use it.
10
Burning feet relieved
70 people found this helpful
THE ONLY PRODUCT FOR ME!!! LITERALLY SAVED MY LIFE. I cannot speak for others, only for myself. When you suffer from diabetic neuropathy and your feet burn, taking Jarrow Formula Methyl B-12 (5000 mcg) stops the burning! It works wonders. No buzzing or pins and needles, and I keep my stress down while controlling my sugar. I once bought a cheaper brand with folic acid and Vitamin C, but that was a BIG MISTAKE – my feet started burning again. I returned to the lovely Jarrow Methyl B-12 5000, and it was the best decision ever. Thanks, Jarrow!
9
Chemotherapy recovery
I ordered this to assist with my neuropathy from chemotherapy. It has significantly helped, and I plan to keep purchasing and using it.
7
Vitamin B12 linked to neuropathy
Association of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with Micronutrients.
We conducted a cross-sectional study with 130 type-2 diabetic patients to explore the connection between diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and various micronutrients. Using a well-defined screening tool, we identified 28 patients with DPN.
Our results showed a significant association between DPN and both zinc and vitamin B12 levels. However, there was no significant correlation with copper or magnesium levels. This suggests that while zinc and vitamin B12 may play a role in neuropathy among diabetic patients, other micronutrients do not appear to have the same impact.
9
B12's Role in Eye Recovery
Vitamin B12 deficiency presenting as progressive blindness in a 33-year-old HIV-positive female patient on Efavirenz-based regimen: case report.
We examined a unique case involving a 33-year-old woman with HIV who experienced sudden vision loss linked to vitamin B12 deficiency. Initially treated with B12 tablets for severe peripheral neuropathy, her condition escalated to optic neuritis. Upon diagnosis, she received prednisolone and daily B12 injections. After five months of this treatment, she reported a significant recovery in her vision. This case highlights the importance of recognizing vitamin B12 deficiency’s potential eye-related symptoms, especially in patients with underlying health conditions like HIV, to ensure timely intervention.
4
Vitamin B12's limited neuropathy effects
Association of co-existing vitamin B6 and B12 deficiency with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome: a case report.
We explored the impact of vitamin B12 on neuropathy in the context of a unique case presenting with symptoms resembling POEMS syndrome. The patient, a man in his 40s, initially showed signs such as fatigue, imbalance, and painful numbness, which led to a diagnosis focused on vitamin B12 deficiency after initial evaluations.
After a month of treatment, his vitamin B12 levels improved, but unfortunately, there wasn't any significant relief in his neuropathic symptoms. Further investigation revealed he also had a deficiency in vitamin B6, as well as an IgA lambda monoclonal spike, which ultimately contributed to a diagnosis of POEMS syndrome.
This case highlights a vital consideration: while vitamin B12 treatment is essential, it may not always lead to expected improvements in neuropathy symptoms, especially in complex cases involving multiple deficiencies or syndromes like POEMS. Our findings emphasize the importance of a thorough evaluation and management for symptoms that mimic neuropathy, indicating that simply supplementing B12 might not suffice alone.
References
Mesgarankarimi A, Rezapour M, Tabrizi N. A long-standing undiagnosed case of vitamin B12 deficiency: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2025;19:151. doi:10.1186/s13256-025-05149-7
El-Najjar SE, Naser IA, Al-Wahidi KM. Is Functional Vitamin B12 Deficiency a Risk Factor for the Development of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Cancer Patients?. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2025;26:375. doi:10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.2.375
N I, Shyam Kumar S. The Effectiveness of Steroid Versus Vitamin Therapy in the Improvement of Extraocular Movements in Patients With Diabetic Cranial Nerve Palsy: A Comparative Study. Cureus. 2024;16:e75656. doi:10.7759/cureus.75656
Kyaw KY, Lwin MT, Lwin ZT. Correlation Between Nitrous Oxide and Functional Vitamin B12 Deficiency Resulting in Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord: A Case Report. Cureus. 2024;16:e74383. doi:10.7759/cureus.74383
Bandara P, Wijenayake W, Fernando S, Padeniya P, Mettananda S. Vitamin B12 responsive developmental and epileptic encephalopathy due to a novel mutation in the FUT2 gene: a case report. BMC Pediatr. 2024;24:622. doi:10.1186/s12887-024-05106-1
Didangelos T, Karlafti E, Kotzakioulafi E, Giannoulaki P, Kontoninas Z, et al. Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Palmitoylethanolamide, Superoxide Dismutase, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamins B12, B1, B6, E, Mg, Zn and Nicotinamide for 6 Months in People with Diabetic Neuropathy. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16183045
Lubega G, Lutaakome J, Kibirige M, Opoka D, Atukunda I, et al. Vitamin B12 deficiency presenting as progressive blindness in a 33-year-old HIV-positive female patient on Efavirenz-based regimen: case report. Pan Afr Med J. 2024;47:164. doi:10.11604/pamj.2024.47.164.43048
Dekker MJHJ, Heerdink GC, Plattel CHM. Vitamin B12 Deficiency-Induced Neuropathy and Cognitive and Motor Impairment in the Elderly: A Case Study. Food Nutr Bull. 2024;45:S53. doi:10.1177/03795721241226886
Pino S, Vega E, Fragoso M, Salazar G. Nitrous Oxide as an Emerging Cause of Subacute Combined Degeneration and Polyneuropathy: A Two-Case Report. Cureus. 2024;16:e63003. doi:10.7759/cureus.63003
Gautam S, Mittal C, Ranjan A, Singh G. Association of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with Micronutrients. J Assoc Physicians India. 2024;72:65. doi:10.59556/japi.72.0493
Zhu M, Yu C, Xu Z, Zhang H, Huang H. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord with cerebellar lesions: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024;103:e37605. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000037605
Hu S, Brown-Kunin S, Martin P, Wang Y. Association of co-existing vitamin B6 and B12 deficiency with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome: a case report. BMC Neurol. 2025;25:54. doi:10.1186/s12883-025-04069-9
Zhao X, An X, Cui Y, Dong L, Fang Z, et al. TangBi Formula for Painful Diabetic Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled and Parallel-Group Trial. J Diabetes. 2025;17:e70045. doi:10.1111/1753-0407.70045
Kulkantrakorn K, Chunhachatrachai P, Kulkantrakorn W. Nitrous oxide abuse and associated neurological diseases. BMC Neurol. 2024;24:461. doi:10.1186/s12883-024-03966-9
Hotta K, Mano Y. Pharmacokinetic profiles of methylcobalamin in rats after multiple administration routes by a simple LC-MS/MS assay with a small volume of plasma. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 2024;129:107552. doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2024.107552