We conducted a study to see if omega-3 fatty acids could help people with major depressive disorder as a standalone treatment. Over 12 weeks, 60 participants took either omega-3 supplements or a placebo.
Results showed that those taking omega-3 had lower depression scores at various points throughout the study. While there were hints of improved outcomes in terms of remission and response rates, these weren't statistically significant.
Overall, omega-3 fatty acids could be a promising alternative, but further research is necessary to confirm their effectiveness.
Read More
9
Omega-3s mitigate juvenile depression
Omega-3 alleviates behavioral and molecular changes in a mouse model of stress-induced juvenile depression.
We utilized a novel approach to study how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), part of the omega-3 fatty acids, impacts depression in young mice. By subjecting juvenile mice to different ultrasound frequencies known to induce stress, we effectively created a model that mimics the symptoms of juvenile depression.
Throughout three weeks, we monitored the behavior of these mice, some receiving an EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplement while others did not. We found that the stressed mice given the omega-3 supplement showed no signs of depression or anxiety, which was a stark contrast to the vehicle group that did experience these symptoms.
Additionally, the study indicated that the omega-3 supplementation helped in mitigating the stress responses, such as reduced inflammation in the brain and changes in metabolism. This finding suggests that omega-3 fatty acids could have a therapeutic potential for addressing juvenile depression.
Overall, our observation sheds light on the significant benefits of incorporating eicosapentaenoic acid into diets, especially for young individuals facing mental health challenges.
Read More
8
Omega-3s may enhance mental health
Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Mental Health in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults.
We explored the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and mental health using data from over 102,000 participants in the UK Biobank. Our analysis showed that higher plasma levels of omega-3s were linked to a lower risk of depression and anxiety. Specifically, those with the highest levels exhibited a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and better brain white matter microstructure. This suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may play an important role in enhancing mental well-being, supporting their use as a potential intervention for mental health issues.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Depression relief
9 people found this helpful
This brand of fish oil has helped lift my permanent depression. There's no unpleasant fish taste or odour, and it works well compared to other Omega-3 brands I've tried.
Read More
7.5
Improved depression
170 people found this helpful
Great quality at a reasonable price! This fish oil has no side effects and effectively addresses depression. I noticed improvements in my cognitive abilities and overall health. My skin has also improved. My husband has benefited as well.
Read More
7.5
Supports depression treatment
4 people found this helpful
This Omega-3 is one of my favourites, with a high dosage and excellent absorption. It helps reduce inflammation and anxiety. I've been taking it daily to support my mental health.
Exosomes Derived from DPA-treated UCMSCs Attenuated Depression-like Behaviors and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Depression Induced by Chronic Stress.
We explored the therapeutic benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in treating depression, particularly in relation to exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to induce depression-like behaviors in the study, which highlighted the role of neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter deficiencies in this condition.
Through our analysis, we observed that DPA not only improved the effectiveness of exosomes but also significantly alleviated symptoms of depression. The therapy showed a remarkable ability to suppress the harmful activation of specific immune cells in the brain, known as M1 microglia, which are often linked to inflammation. Additionally, DPA helped restore levels of important neurotransmitters, including serotonin and dopamine.
Furthermore, in laboratory tests, the exosomes treated with DPA demonstrated better protective effects against cell death and inflammation-induced damage. Mechanistically, this positive outcome was attributed to DPA’s ability to enhance the expression of a particular microRNA that plays a role in reducing inflammation pathways.
Overall, our findings suggest that DPA treatment combined with exosomes not only addresses neuroinflammation but also promotes overall brain health. This makes it a promising avenue for developing more effective depression treatments.
Read More
9
Omega-3s mitigate juvenile depression
Omega-3 alleviates behavioral and molecular changes in a mouse model of stress-induced juvenile depression.
We utilized a novel approach to study how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), part of the omega-3 fatty acids, impacts depression in young mice. By subjecting juvenile mice to different ultrasound frequencies known to induce stress, we effectively created a model that mimics the symptoms of juvenile depression.
Throughout three weeks, we monitored the behavior of these mice, some receiving an EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplement while others did not. We found that the stressed mice given the omega-3 supplement showed no signs of depression or anxiety, which was a stark contrast to the vehicle group that did experience these symptoms.
Additionally, the study indicated that the omega-3 supplementation helped in mitigating the stress responses, such as reduced inflammation in the brain and changes in metabolism. This finding suggests that omega-3 fatty acids could have a therapeutic potential for addressing juvenile depression.
Overall, our observation sheds light on the significant benefits of incorporating eicosapentaenoic acid into diets, especially for young individuals facing mental health challenges.
Read More
9
DHA alleviates epilepsy-related depression
DHA and EPA Alleviate Epileptic Depression in PTZ-Treated Young Mice Model by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation through Regulating Microglial M2 Polarization and Improving Mitochondrial Metabolism.
We explored the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on depressive symptoms associated with epilepsy in a young mouse model. Through our investigation, we fed mice a diet enriched with DHA and administered pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) to induce epilepsy. Notably, our findings indicated that both DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) significantly reduced depressive symptoms in this model, with EPA showing even greater effectiveness.
Analyzing the underlying mechanisms revealed that DHA and EPA helped repair neuronal damage and improve myelin structure in the hippocampus—the brain region vital for mood regulation. Furthermore, they tackled neuroinflammation by encouraging the polarizing of microglial cells toward a protective state and suppressing harmful inflammatory responses.
Additionally, we observed that both fatty acids decreased oxidative stress and improved mitochondrial function, which are crucial aspects of brain health. These results suggest that integrating DHA (and EPA) into dietary interventions could offer a promising strategy to alleviate depression in children with epilepsy, providing a potential pathway to enhance their quality of life.
Read More
8
EPA shows promise for depression
GPR120 internalization: a key mechanism for EPA in antidepressant action.
We investigated how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid found in fish oil, can influence depression. In our study with mice, we observed that administering EPA for five weeks helped reduce stress-induced neuronal damage and improved brain synaptic functions.
Additionally, EPA demonstrated its ability to lower neuroinflammation linked to depressive behaviors. The findings highlight the potential of EPA as an effective option for managing depression related to inflammation. While further research is needed, these results are promising for its future clinical applications.
Read More
8
Omega-3 improves maternal behavior
Exploring the ameliorative effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on maternal behavioral abnormalities induced by prenatal chronic restraint stress.
We aimed to understand how omega-3 fatty acids could benefit maternal behaviors affected by chronic stress during pregnancy. Our study involved three groups of rats: a control, a stress group, and a group receiving omega-3 supplementation.
The results showed that stressed rats displayed poor maternal behaviors, but omega-3 supplementation significantly improved their care for pups. It appeared to enhance the serotonin system, reduce inflammation, and aid in restoring neuronal function.
This research suggests that omega-3 fish oil might offer a promising approach to help mothers dealing with stress-related behavioral issues.
This brand of fish oil has helped lift my permanent depression. There's no unpleasant fish taste or odour, and it works well compared to other Omega-3 brands I've tried.
Read More
7.5
Improved depression
170 people found this helpful
Great quality at a reasonable price! This fish oil has no side effects and effectively addresses depression. I noticed improvements in my cognitive abilities and overall health. My skin has also improved. My husband has benefited as well.
Read More
7.5
Supports depression treatment
4 people found this helpful
This Omega-3 is one of my favourites, with a high dosage and excellent absorption. It helps reduce inflammation and anxiety. I've been taking it daily to support my mental health.
Read More
9
Beneficial for depression
2 people found this helpful
An outstanding product of high quality that reduces depression and improves circulation, helping with hair thickness and general inflammation. The omega-3 content is beneficial for the heart and blood vessels.
Read More
7.5
Helpful for depression
89 people found this helpful
A good fish oil with no side effects. It effectively treats depression and enhances cognitive function. My skin improved and my gastrointestinal health got better.
Depression is a common and serious mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable. It can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or background, and it goes beyond just feeling down; it can interfere significantly with daily life, impacting relationships, work performance, and overall well-being. Symptoms of depression may include changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of worthlessness or suicide.
The causes of depression are complex and may involve a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. While it's a serious condition that can be debilitating, the good news is that it is treatable. Various treatment options are available, including therapy, medication, lifestyle changes, and support groups. If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, seeking help from a healthcare professional is a crucial step toward recovery.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
The relationship between Omega-3 fish oil and depression has garnered considerable interest over the years, and some studies suggest that Omega-3 fatty acids may have a beneficial effect on mood and mental well-being. Omega-3s, particularly EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), are thought to contribute to brain health and may play a role in the regulation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which are often linked to mood disorders. Some clinical trials have indicated that supplementation with Omega-3s can lead to reductions in depressive symptoms for certain individuals, particularly in those with major depressive disorder.
However, it's essential to understand that while Omega-3 fish oil can be a useful part of an overall treatment plan, it is not a panacea for depression. Responses to supplementation can vary from person to person, and more research is needed to establish precise recommendations. It is always advisable for individuals experiencing depression to consult with a healthcare professional to develop a comprehensive treatment approach tailored to their specific needs, which may include therapy, lifestyle changes, and possibly dietary supplements like Omega-3 fish oil.
Based on user reviews, individuals taking fish oil supplements for depression typically report a variety of timelines when it comes to noticing significant results. Users have shared positive experiences regarding improvements in their mental health and cognitive function, often citing benefits felt within a few weeks of consistent use. While specific timelines are not universally mentioned, many seem to notice changes in their mood and overall well-being after taking the supplement regularly. For instance, one user noted that their "permanent depression" has lifted, highlighting an effective transition, although the duration of their use isn't specified Read Review. Another user similarly emphasized improvements in cognitive abilities, suggesting that noticeable benefits can emerge relatively quickly after incorporating the supplement into one’s daily regimen Read Review.
Omega-3 fish oil, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has shown potential in alleviating depression symptoms, based on a variety of studies. For older adults, a comprehensive review of 31 randomized controlled trials suggested that omega-3 treatments resulted in a moderate decrease in depression scores, highlighting its relevance for this demographic [1]. Furthermore, in studies focused on specific populations such as children and adolescents, while the results were variable, some showed promising outcomes—especially when omega-3 was administered alongside psychotherapy [15].
Moreover, research utilizing animal models has demonstrated that EPA can mitigate stress-induced neuronal damage and inflammation, both of which are linked to depressive behaviors [2]. Similarly, larger epidemiological studies have indicated a consistent correlation between higher levels of omega-3s and a reduced risk of depression [8]. However, it’s crucial to note that while these findings hint at the benefits of omega-3 supplementation in treating depression, more rigorous and longitudinal studies are necessary to solidify its role and efficacy across different populations and conditions [14].
Users have reported a range of improvements in symptoms after taking fish oil supplements, particularly concerning mental health and cognitive function. Notable experiences include significant relief from depression, with one user stating that it helped lift their "permanent depression," marking a substantial transition in their mental well-being Read Review. Several others echoed this sentiment, describing enhancements in cognitive abilities and overall health, alongside improvements in skin quality and gastrointestinal well-being Read ReviewRead Review.
Moreover, users have highlighted the anti-inflammatory benefits and the potential for reduced anxiety, which complements the therapeutic effects on mood. One individual specifically noted the product's efficacy in addressing inflammation while supporting mental health, suggesting a comprehensive impact on both physical and emotional symptoms Read ReviewRead Review. Overall, while individual results can vary, many users have experienced positive changes and credited the supplement with contributing to their improved quality of life.
Users have reported positive experiences when combining this fish oil supplement with other products aimed at alleviating depression. Several individuals noted its effectiveness in reducing symptoms of depression while also addressing other health aspects, such as cognitive function and inflammation. For example, one user highlighted that taking this Omega-3 regularly has aided in lifting their "permanent depression," indicating a strong impact on mental health Read Review. Another individual mentioned improvements not only in depression but also in cognitive abilities and skin quality, suggesting synergistic benefits when paired with other supplements targeting overall well-being Read Review.
Moreover, users have suggested that the anti-inflammatory effects of Omega-3 may complement other supplements they are taking, enhancing overall mental health support. One reviewer specifically noted that the supplement helps reduce anxiety and inflammation, showcasing its multifaceted benefits Read Review. Hence, it appears that many users view the fish oil not only as a stand-alone aid for depression but also as a valuable component in a broader regimen of health improvements, potentially leading to noticeable enhancements in mood, cognitive skills, and general health when combined with other supplements.
The optimal dose for Omega-3 Fish Oil, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in treating depression appears to be between 1,000 to 1,500 mg daily for adults, particularly those with mild to moderate depression. Research suggests that doses exceeding 1 gram per day of EPA can lead to significant improvements in depressive symptoms, especially in populations affected by inflammation [3]. In a study focused on Asian patients, the best results were seen with a daily dosage of 1,000 to 1,500 mg over eight weeks, particularly when maintaining a specific balance between EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a ratio of 1:1 to 2:1 [17].
Additionally, it's worth noting that while omega-3 supplementation can have a positive impact on depressive symptoms, the results can vary based on individual nutritional backgrounds and the presence of inflammation [14]. Consequently, while these general dosages offer a guideline, it’s essential for individuals to consult with a healthcare provider to tailor omega-3 supplementation to their specific health needs and conditions.
9
Depression relief
9 people found this helpful
This brand of fish oil has helped lift my permanent depression. There's no unpleasant fish taste or odour, and it works well compared to other Omega-3 brands I've tried.
7.5
Improved depression
170 people found this helpful
Great quality at a reasonable price! This fish oil has no side effects and effectively addresses depression. I noticed improvements in my cognitive abilities and overall health. My skin has also improved. My husband has benefited as well.
7.5
Helpful for depression
89 people found this helpful
A good fish oil with no side effects. It effectively treats depression and enhances cognitive function. My skin improved and my gastrointestinal health got better.
7.5
Supports depression treatment
4 people found this helpful
This Omega-3 is one of my favourites, with a high dosage and excellent absorption. It helps reduce inflammation and anxiety. I've been taking it daily to support my mental health.
9
Beneficial for depression
2 people found this helpful
An outstanding product of high quality that reduces depression and improves circulation, helping with hair thickness and general inflammation. The omega-3 content is beneficial for the heart and blood vessels.
7
Omega-3 shows potential for depression
Anti-inflammatory interventions for the treatment and prevention of depression among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
We set out to understand how omega-3 fish oil and other anti-inflammatory treatments affect depression in older adults. This comprehensive review analyzed 31 randomized controlled trials to see if these interventions could reduce depressive symptoms. The findings showed that older adults had a moderate decrease in depression scores, particularly benefiting from omega-3 treatments. While this suggests a positive impact, it's important to note the studies had some variability in results. This calls for more focused research to pinpoint the best treatments for depression in this age group.
7
Omega-3 shows promise for depression
Comparative Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acid with Other Interventions for Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
We explored how omega-3 fatty acids could help reduce depression in children and adolescents. Our analysis included data from nine studies involving 561 participants. While we didn't find a significant improvement in symptoms versus placebo overall, we did observe that omega-3 combined with inositol was the top performer, boasting a 77.3% effectiveness rate.
Interestingly, omega-3 paired with psychoeducational psychotherapy showed notable results, achieving a 91.5% remission rate compared to placebo. This suggests a promising role for omega-3 in treating pediatric depression when combined with specific therapies.
8
EPA shows promise for depression
GPR120 internalization: a key mechanism for EPA in antidepressant action.
We investigated how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid found in fish oil, can influence depression. In our study with mice, we observed that administering EPA for five weeks helped reduce stress-induced neuronal damage and improved brain synaptic functions.
Additionally, EPA demonstrated its ability to lower neuroinflammation linked to depressive behaviors. The findings highlight the potential of EPA as an effective option for managing depression related to inflammation. While further research is needed, these results are promising for its future clinical applications.
8
Omega-3s may enhance mental health
Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Mental Health in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults.
We explored the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and mental health using data from over 102,000 participants in the UK Biobank. Our analysis showed that higher plasma levels of omega-3s were linked to a lower risk of depression and anxiety. Specifically, those with the highest levels exhibited a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and better brain white matter microstructure. This suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may play an important role in enhancing mental well-being, supporting their use as a potential intervention for mental health issues.
4
Mixed evidence on omega-3 treatment
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Depression.
We delved into the effects of omega-3 fatty acids, like EPA and DHA, on depression. While some research highlights their potential to reduce depressive symptoms, others found little to no effect. Factors like dosage and individual nutritional needs seem to influence these outcomes. Additionally, omega-3s may complement traditional antidepressants but results aren’t consistent across various studies. Overall, there's still a need for more research to create clear guidelines for omega-3 use in treating depression.
7
Omega-3s show promise in depression
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in depression: insights from recent clinical trials.
We examined recent clinical trials investigating omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to see how they might help with major depressive disorder (MDD).
The analysis focused on high doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), showing improvements especially in patients with inflammation-related depression and younger individuals.
Although results are encouraging, particularly for specific subpopulations, establishing the best doses and treatment durations requires further research.
4
EPA shows potential in depression
Exploration of the optimized portrait of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in treating depression: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.
We examined the effectiveness of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, in treating depression. After analyzing 36 well-structured studies, we found some positive outcomes and also observed notable variability in the results. The overall findings suggested that EPA could offer benefits for depression, yielding a small but statistically significant improvement in symptoms.
It's particularly interesting to note that for Asian patients experiencing mild to moderate depression, the best results seemed to emerge with a daily dosage of 1000 to 1500 mg of omega-3s over eight weeks. This intake should ideally have a specific balance of EPA to another omega-3, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), set at between 1:1 and 2:1 ratios. However, despite these encouraging indications, our analysis also revealed that EPA isn’t better than a placebo for achieving response or remission rates or for adverse events.
Overall, while omega-3 PUFAs like EPA may hold promise for managing depressive symptoms, we must approach the findings with caution. Further research is warranted to deepen our understanding of how to harness the potential benefits of these fatty acids in treating depression.
References
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Wu SK, Yang KJ, Liu WC, Malau IA, Zailani H, et al. The Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids as the Monotherapy for Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16213688
Jastrzebska J, Frankowska M, Wesołowska J, Filip M, Smaga I. Dietary Intervention with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Mitigates Maternal High-Fat Diet-Induced Behavioral and Myelin-Related Alterations in Adult Offspring. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2025;23:329. doi:10.2174/1570159X23666241014164940
Chen L, Yang Y, Zhang N, Che H, Wang Z, et al. DHA and EPA alleviate depressive-like behaviors in chronic sleep-deprived mice: Involvement of iron metabolism, oligodendrocyte-lipids peroxidation and the LCN2-NLRP3 signaling axis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2024;225:654. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.10.298
Cheng YC, Chen WY, Lin C, Lee SH, Chiu CC, et al. The N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation to prevent depression recurrence in patients with late-life depression: A 52-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2025;369:8. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.129
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Lam C, Han L, McIntyre RS, Teopiz KM, Cao B. Comparative Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acid with Other Interventions for Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2024;34:282. doi:10.1089/cap.2024.0017
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Kong L, Zhang Q, Wang H, Xu Y, Xu C, et al. Exploration of the optimized portrait of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in treating depression: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. J Affect Disord. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.006
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Lin YL, Wang CL, Chiang TI. Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation alleviates pruritus, enhances skin moisture, and mitigates depression in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Front Nephrol. 2024;4:1365809. doi:10.3389/fneph.2024.1365809
Strekalova T, Radford-Smith D, Dunstan IK, Gorlova A, Svirin E, et al. Omega-3 alleviates behavioral and molecular changes in a mouse model of stress-induced juvenile depression. Neurobiol Stress. 2024;31:100646. doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100646
Lou F, Luo S, Kang N, Yan L, Long H, et al. Oral microbiota dysbiosis alters chronic restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviors by modulating host metabolism. Pharmacol Res. 2024;204:107214. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107214
Zhang C, Hou B, Xu Y, Zeng S, Luo X, et al. Association between eicosapentaenoic acid consumption and the risk of depressive symptoms in US adults: Analyses from NHANES 2005-2018. J Affect Disord. 2024;354:62. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.055
Huang S, Guo J, Jiang R, Ma K, Lin F, et al. Four-way decomposition of the effects of nutrient supplement and physical exercise on depression among older Chinese: a nationwide cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health. 2024;24:3469. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20995-8
Wang M, Yan X, Li Y, Li Q, Xu Y, et al. Association between plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and depressive among US adults. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1342304. doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1342304
Chang YY, Ting B, Chen DT, Hsu WT, Lin SC, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Depression in the Elderly and Patients with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel). 2024;12. doi:10.3390/healthcare12050536
Suneson K, Söderberg Veibäck G, Lindahl J, Tjernberg J, Ståhl D, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids for inflamed depression - A match/mismatch study. Brain Behav Immun. 2024;118:192. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.029
Xue Y, Wang L, Liu T, Zhao T, Xie K, et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation improves memory in first-diagnosed, drug-naïve patients with depression: Secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2024;350:403. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.149
Yang Y, Chen L, Zhang N, Zhao Y, Che H, et al. DHA and EPA Alleviate Epileptic Depression in PTZ-Treated Young Mice Model by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation through Regulating Microglial M2 Polarization and Improving Mitochondrial Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023;12. doi:10.3390/antiox12122079