We explored how magnesium alloy, particularly a variant containing 1% calcium, impacts cervical cancer cells. Our investigation revealed that this alloy has promising antitumor properties which could pave the way for new treatments.
In our experiments, we tested the effects of the Mg-1%Ca alloy both in laboratory settings and in living organisms. This alloy was found to release magnesium ions and hydroxide ions more slowly than expected. We observed that it effectively inhibited the growth of cervical cancer cells, specifically SiHa and HeLa cell lines.
Additionally, the presence of the alloy induced apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in the cancer cells, disrupted their structural integrity, and hindered their ability to migrate and invade other tissues. Importantly, the Mg-1%Ca alloy was seen to influence key molecular pathways, specifically the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, which plays a role in cancer cell proliferation.
With these results, it's evident that magnesium alloy could serve as a useful adjunct to current cervical cancer therapies, potentially helping to prevent both cancer growth and metastasis.
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8
Zinc's role in cancer immunity
cancer cells outcompete macrophages for microenvironmental zinc to drive immunotherapy resistance.
We explored how zinc levels impact cancer cells and immune function, particularly focusing on macrophages, which are crucial for our body’s defense against tumors. Our research revealed that cancer cells often have decreased expression of specific genes tied to immune response, and this links to resistance against therapies designed to unblock immune checkpoints.
By upregulating a zinc importer known as SLC39A9, these cancer cells manage to hoard zinc for themselves, leaving the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME) depleted of this vital nutrient. This competition for zinc results in macrophages becoming zinc-starved, which diminishes their ability to perform essential tasks like engulfing and destroying cancer cells.
Interestingly, we found that when we replenished zinc levels in the TME—through a dietary intervention—these macrophages could regain their pro-phagocytic function. This change significantly improved the response of certain tumors to immunotherapy treatments. Notably, T cells weren’t required for this transformation, indicating that macrophages alone play a pivotal role.
Our results are clinically relevant, showing that cancer patients with reduced zinc levels in their body tend to experience worse outcomes. Overall, we identified a new mechanism by which cancer cells can disrupt immune function, highlighting zinc’s critical role in both tumor environments and immunotherapy effectiveness.
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9
Zinc works alongside nanomedicine
Cascade specific endogenous Fe interference and catalysis for tumor therapy with stemness suppression.
We investigated an innovative approach to cancer treatment by using a special nanomedicine that combines zinc with a compound called 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHT). This combination aims to target the cancer stem-like cells, which are known for their role in tumor recurrence and spread.
The nanomedicine works by effectively pulling in the cancer's own iron and releasing zinc. This process not only helps in reducing the iron levels in tumors but also enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are crucial for damaging cancer cells. By lowering iron, we push the cancer stem cells towards differentiation, while the increased ROS levels help trigger cell death.
What's especially compelling about our findings is that this treatment appears to tackle both aggressive cancer stem-like cells and the bulk of the tumor, showing promise in preventing cancer growth, recurrence, and metastasis. The results have been especially notable in cases of triple-negative breast tumors, providing an exciting potential path for future cancer therapies that take advantage of these properties.
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Most Useful Reviews
7.5
Cancer prevention support
68 people found this helpful
Calcium and magnesium, along with zinc, are essential for immune support, bones, and overall health. These elements are vital for bone, teeth, and muscle tone health. Zinc bolsters immune functions, aids in healing, and is crucial for the prostate and reproductive systems. The combination with Vitamin D3 enhances calcium absorption. However, I find taking these tablets three times daily rather inconvenient. The blend plays an essential role in cancer prevention.
Read More
9
Supports nerve health
Promoting muscle tone and boosting immunity, this composition is essential for thyroid function and normal blood clotting. It aids in restoring the protective sheaths around nerves and regulates blood pressure and heartbeat, while also preventing cancer cell growth.
Read More
7.5
Boosts immunity
The composition contains vitamin D, which strengthens bone tissue, reduces the risk of osteoporosis, boosts immunity, improves mood, and lowers the chances of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. It works exceptionally well in the overall complex.
We explored the potential of vitamin D-based micelles designed to deliver paclitaxel, a key chemotherapy drug, specifically for pancreatic cancer treatment. This study focuses on developing enzyme-responsive micelles that not only carry paclitaxel but also utilize vitamin D as an integral part of the delivery system.
The micelles are made by combining vitamin D with polyethylene glycol, resulting in tiny structures that can release their drug load when interacting with enzymes typically found in pancreatic cancer cells. We observed that these micelles showed promising results in laboratory settings, enhancing the effectiveness of paclitaxel against aggressive pancreatic cancer cells compared to using paclitaxel alone.
Moreover, we noted that the vitamin D in the micelles may play a dual role: serving as both a hydrophobic core for drug delivery and a contributor to synergetic therapeutic effects. Our findings suggest that leveraging vitamin D in this way could increase the efficacy of existing treatment options for pancreatic cancer patients, which is particularly significant given the challenges currently faced in treating this disease.
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9
Magnesium and Cancer Treatment Outcomes
Letter Re: Elevated serum magnesium levels prompt favourable outcomes in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint blockers.
We looked into the question of how magnesium levels might affect cancer treatment outcomes, especially for patients receiving immune checkpoint blockers. The study pointed out that elevated serum magnesium levels corresponded with more favorable results in these patients, suggesting that magnesium could play a positive role in their treatment journey.
However, the findings did not specifically isolate the effects of magnesium from those of other treatments. This means that while we observed a correlation between high magnesium levels and improved outcomes, we can't definitively say that magnesium alone caused these results. It’s important to note that further research is needed to clarify this relationship and understand how magnesium interacts with cancer therapies.
Overall, while the presence of sufficient magnesium appears to be beneficial, the intricate connection between magnesium levels and cancer treatment success is still not fully understood.
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9
Magnesium enhances cancer immunotherapy
Magnesium peroxide-based biomimetic nanoigniter degrades extracellular matrix to awake T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy.
We examined how magnesium plays a role in enhancing T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy. The study focused on a unique magnesium peroxide-based nanoigniter designed to disrupt the tumors' defenses. By combating the challenging immunosuppressive environment surrounding tumors, this innovative treatment aims to allow T cells to attack more effectively.
The nanoigniter is loaded with doxorubicin and metformin, and it works doubly by breaking down the tough extracellular matrix (ECM) that makes it difficult for T cells to infiltrate tumors. We observed that this approach not only promotes stronger responses from CD8 T cells — a critical type of immune cell in our bodies — but also boosts their effectiveness and prevents their fatigue under harsh conditions.
While the study highlights magnesium's supportive role in improving immunotherapy outcomes, it does not isolate the mineral's direct impact on cancer. Therefore, while we see promising interactions, determining magnesium's specific effects remains complex and linked to the overall treatment plan.
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9
Magnesium enhances glioblastoma treatment
Magnesium-Phenolic Nanoeditor Refining Gliomatous T Cells for Metalloimmunotherapy.
We investigated how magnesium might enhance the effectiveness of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in fighting glioblastoma, a particularly aggressive form of brain cancer. CTLs, although present in glioblastoma, often struggle to infiltrate tumors effectively and are hampered by various inhibitory markers, notably NK1.1.
This study introduced a novel method using a specially designed nanoeditor, named Mg@MK-8931@MPP. This editor combines magnesium with a specific drug that helps empower CTLs and encourages their infiltration into the tumor while addressing the challenges of delivering treatment safely in the brain.
We observed that once the magnesium-based nanoeditor localized within glioblastoma, it enabled the effective release of MK-8931. This release repolarized M2-like macrophages, promoting a more significant CTL presence within the tumor site. Furthermore, magnesium worked to amplify the immune response, boosting the production of crucial antitumor cytokines and proteins.
Additionally, we found that blocking the NK1.1 receptor on CTLs extended their cytotoxic activity, enhancing treatment outcomes. Research on both T-cell-deficient and standard mouse models validated the potential of this magnesium-driven metalloimmunotherapy approach in treating glioblastoma effectively.
Overall, this strategy not only broadens the application of metalloimmunotherapy to glioblastoma but also emphasizes the importance of ensuring the functionality of CTLs in the fight against cancer.
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9
Zinc enhances TNBC treatment efficacy
Zinc-copper bimetallic nanoplatforms trigger photothermal-amplified cuproptosis and cGAS-STING activation for enhancing triple-negative breast cancer immunotherapy.
We developed an innovative treatment approach for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using zinc-copper bimetallic nanoplatforms. These specially designed nanostructures help promote a type of cell death known as cuproptosis while also boosting the immune system's response to tumors. By leveraging these properties, we aimed to find a way to make existing immune therapies more effective against TNBC, which is notoriously difficult to treat.
The mechanism behind this approach involves the nanoplatforms releasing both zinc and copper ions within the acidic environment of tumors. This releases hydroxyl radicals and impacts certain proteins in cancer cells, disrupting their function and leading to cell death. Additionally, the released mitochondrial DNA works alongside zinc to activate pathways that boost the immune response, ultimately helping to improve the effectiveness of anti-PD-L1 treatments.
Furthermore, we observed that using a near-infrared laser significantly enhances these effects. Together, the combination of our nanoplatforms and immune therapies results in a powerful treatment strategy, showcasing zinc's potential role in fighting TNBC.
Overall, our findings suggest a promising new direction for TNBC therapy by uniting the benefits of cuproptosis, immune activation, and laser therapy.
Calcium and magnesium, along with zinc, are essential for immune support, bones, and overall health. These elements are vital for bone, teeth, and muscle tone health. Zinc bolsters immune functions, aids in healing, and is crucial for the prostate and reproductive systems. The combination with Vitamin D3 enhances calcium absorption. However, I find taking these tablets three times daily rather inconvenient. The blend plays an essential role in cancer prevention.
Read More
9
Supports nerve health
Promoting muscle tone and boosting immunity, this composition is essential for thyroid function and normal blood clotting. It aids in restoring the protective sheaths around nerves and regulates blood pressure and heartbeat, while also preventing cancer cell growth.
Read More
7.5
Boosts immunity
The composition contains vitamin D, which strengthens bone tissue, reduces the risk of osteoporosis, boosts immunity, improves mood, and lowers the chances of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. It works exceptionally well in the overall complex.
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7.5
Promotes overall health
This mineral complex is excellent! The combination of these three components is crucial for maintaining healthy bones, teeth, hair, skin, and muscle tone. Zinc supports the immune system and overall health. The tablets are easy to swallow, and calcium is vital for heart rhythm, cholesterol reduction, and cancer prevention. Magnesium optimises calcium absorption, and zinc enhances immune response and healing.
Read More
6
Heart health support
The composition is superb! Magnesium aids calcium absorption, working in harmony with it. It's beneficial for the heart, memory, and nervous system and strengthens nails. It reduces the risk of certain ailments like osteoporosis and rectal cancer. I highly appreciated this formulation, especially after the doctor's recommendation.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. These cells can form tumors, invade nearby tissues, and metastasize to other parts of the body via the bloodstream or lymphatic system. While cancer can affect nearly any part of the body, it is classified into various types, including carcinomas, sarcomas, leukemia, and lymphomas, each originating from different types of cells. Risk factors for developing cancer can include genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices such as smoking and diet, environmental exposures, and certain infections.
Diagnosis typically involves medical imaging, biopsies, and a thorough review of personal and family health histories. Treatment options vary widely depending on the type and stage of cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Early detection is crucial and can significantly improve treatment outcomes, leading to better survival rates. As awareness and research continue to advance, new methods for prevention, detection, and treatment of cancer are consistently being developed, offering hope to those affected by this challenging disease.
Calcium is a chemical element represented by the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It is an essential mineral in the body, playing a critical role in various physiological processes. As one of the most abundant elements in nature, calcium is particularly vital for maintaining strong bones and teeth, where about 99% of the body's calcium is stored. Beyond its structural function, calcium is crucial in muscle contraction, blood clotting, and nerve transmission, making it a key player in overall health.
Dietary sources of calcium include dairy products such as milk, yogurt, and cheese, as well as leafy green vegetables, nuts, seeds, and fortified foods. The recommended daily intake of calcium varies by age and sex, but generally, adults should aim for approximately 1,000 mg per day. For those who may struggle to meet their needs through diet alone, calcium supplements are available but should be taken with caution. It's essential to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen to avoid potential side effects or interactions with medications.
The current scientific research presents some intriguing insights into the role of calcium in cancer treatment, though it's important to note that findings are often context-specific. A study investigating calcium's influence on cancer cell viability found that calcium treatment, in combination with electroporation methods, significantly decreased the viability of breast cancer cells, suggesting potential therapeutic applications [1]. Additionally, another study highlighted how elevated calcium levels might facilitate cancer cell invasion through altered interactions with platelets, pointing to a more complex role of calcium in cancer dynamics [3].
On the other hand, studies examining calcium's role post-cancer treatment, particularly regarding bone health, show it in a more supportive role rather than directly targeting cancer itself. For example, calcium supplementation significantly improved bone density in patients recovering from thyroid cancer surgery [2]. While these findings suggest that calcium may assist in treatment protocols indirectly, its direct effectiveness in combating cancer remains a topic for further investigation. More comprehensive and focused research is necessary to leverage calcium's potential benefits effectively in oncology.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported notable improvements in various health symptoms after using this mineral complex. For example, users mention enhanced immune support and overall health benefits, particularly highlighting the role of zinc and magnesium in promoting muscle tone and supporting the immune system Read Review. Additionally, consistent feedback indicates that the combination of these minerals can strengthen bone health and possibly lower the risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and even certain cancers, suggesting a significant positive impact on overall wellness Read Review.
Users also express satisfaction with the formulations, noting improvements in energy levels and vitality, which can be attributed to optimized calcium absorption facilitated by magnesium Read Review. Moreover, several reviewers indicated that they felt better mood stability and improved healing processes, underscoring the holistic benefits of this mineral complex Read Review. However, it's important to remember that individual results can vary, and what works for one person may not have the same efficacy for another.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report positive experiences when combining this mineral supplement with other nutrients in the context of cancer prevention and overall health support. Users emphasize the essential role of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in bolstering the immune system and potentially reducing cancer cell growth. For instance, one reviewer pointed out that the inclusion of Vitamin D3 enhances calcium absorption, thereby amplifying the overall health benefits of the supplement, especially in relation to cancer prevention Read Review.
In addition, reviewers noted that this mineral complex not only promotes muscle tone and supports dental health but also plays a significant role in the body's resilience against various health issues, including different types of cancer Read Review. They highlight that the combination of these elements effectively contributes to an improved immune response and overall vitality, with particular praise for the synergistic effect of magnesium in optimizing calcium absorption Read Review. Overall, it seems that users recommend this supplement as a beneficial addition to their health regimen, especially in tandem with other vitamins and minerals.
Based on user reviews, it appears that users often mention the importance of taking calcium in conjunction with other minerals such as magnesium and zinc for optimal health benefits, especially in relation to cancer prevention. One user highlighted that this mineral blend plays a significant role in promoting bone health and preventing cancer cell growth, while another user emphasized that magnesium optimizes calcium absorption, thereby enhancing its effectiveness in combating certain ailments, including cancer Read ReviewRead Review.
While specific dosing recommendations are not detailed in the reviews, many users noted routine supplementation, suggesting that integrating these minerals daily may be beneficial. For instance, one user mentioned taking their supplements three times daily despite finding it inconvenient, indicating a commitment to maintaining their intake Read Review. Overall, users seem to agree that a well-rounded approach to calcium supplementation, ideally combined with magnesium and zinc, could contribute positively to overall health and assist in cancer prevention.
9
Supports nerve health
Promoting muscle tone and boosting immunity, this composition is essential for thyroid function and normal blood clotting. It aids in restoring the protective sheaths around nerves and regulates blood pressure and heartbeat, while also preventing cancer cell growth.
6
Heart health support
The composition is superb! Magnesium aids calcium absorption, working in harmony with it. It's beneficial for the heart, memory, and nervous system and strengthens nails. It reduces the risk of certain ailments like osteoporosis and rectal cancer. I highly appreciated this formulation, especially after the doctor's recommendation.
7.5
Promotes overall health
This mineral complex is excellent! The combination of these three components is crucial for maintaining healthy bones, teeth, hair, skin, and muscle tone. Zinc supports the immune system and overall health. The tablets are easy to swallow, and calcium is vital for heart rhythm, cholesterol reduction, and cancer prevention. Magnesium optimises calcium absorption, and zinc enhances immune response and healing.
7.5
Cancer prevention support
68 people found this helpful
Calcium and magnesium, along with zinc, are essential for immune support, bones, and overall health. These elements are vital for bone, teeth, and muscle tone health. Zinc bolsters immune functions, aids in healing, and is crucial for the prostate and reproductive systems. The combination with Vitamin D3 enhances calcium absorption. However, I find taking these tablets three times daily rather inconvenient. The blend plays an essential role in cancer prevention.
7
Calcium treatment impacts cancer viability
Investigation of the Bystander Effect on Cell Viability After Application of Combined Electroporation-Based Methods.
We investigated how calcium treatment, in conjunction with various electroporation methods, affects cancer cell viability. In our study, we used 4T1 breast cancer cells and applied different forms of electroporation, such as reversible and irreversible treatments along with calcium electroporation. We were particularly interested in the bystander effect, where treated cells might affect untreated nearby cells.
By transferring conditioned media from the treated to untreated cells, we observed significant impacts on cell viability. The results showed that after applying calcium electroporation and bleomycin treatments, colony formation plummeted to nearly zero, and metabolic activity dipped as low as 11.62%. Additionally, other assessments, including flow cytometry, confirmed a drastic decrease in cell viability in the presence of calcium therapy.
While the study highlighted calcium’s role in enhancing the effects of electroporation, the combined treatments reduced the overall viability of surrounding cells markedly. We also noticed a delay in wound healing with conditioned media, indicating that calcium treatment could significantly impact not just treated but also neighboring cancer cells. Overall, calcium's combined effects were powerful, emphasizing its utility in cancer treatment strategies.
4
Calcium's role in cancer dynamics
Calcium levels modulate platelet function, platelet-cancer cell interaction, and cancer cell invasion.
We examined how calcium levels impact the interactions between platelets and cancer cells, as these interactions are crucial for cancer metastasis. Our focus was on specific platelet receptors called integrins, which play vital roles in these interactions.
Throughout our study, we discovered that calcium significantly affects the functionality of these integrins and the overall behavior of platelets. When we reduced calcium levels, we noticed a change in how platelets interacted with breast cancer cells (specifically MDA-MB-231). On the contrary, environments with high calcium levels did not seem to affect these interactions as significantly.
Interestingly, we observed that hypercalcemia, or elevated calcium levels, appeared to enhance cancer cell invasion in the presence of platelets for both breast and lung cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and A549, respectively). This suggests that rather than obstructing metastatic processes, high calcium may facilitate cancer spread, offering a new perspective on calcium's role in cancer dynamics.
Overall, this study sheds light on how calcium adjustments could be viewed not only as a potential therapeutic strategy but also as a factor impacting cancer progression, especially through platelet interactions.
8
Calcium-Vitamin D benefits post-surgery
Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on bone of young adults after thyroidectomy of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
We explored the impact of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone health in young adults after surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). This study focused on patients under 50 years who had thyroidectomy and were experiencing vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency.
Over the course of one year, we provided patients with daily calcium and vitamin D supplements, monitoring their bone metabolism along the way. After analyzing results from 458 patients, we found that those receiving the supplements had lower levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and a notable increase in bone mineral density (BMD) at both the lumbar spine and hip compared to those who did not receive any supplements.
Our findings suggest that calcium, combined with vitamin D, can play a beneficial role in reducing bone loss in young DTC patients suffering from vitamin D malnutrition after thyroid surgery. This could mean improved bone health and a reduced risk of osteoporosis for these patients in the future.
References
Barauskaitė-Šarkinienė N, Novickij V, Šatkauskas S, Ruzgys P. Investigation of the Bystander Effect on Cell Viability After Application of Combined Electroporation-Based Methods. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26. 10.3390/ijms26052297
Sun L, Lin X, Li N, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, et al. Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on bone of young adults after thyroidectomy of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Endocrine. 2025. 10.1007/s12020-025-04195-x
Morris K, Masri S, Schnoor B, Papa AL. Calcium levels modulate platelet function, platelet-cancer cell interaction, and cancer cell invasion. Sci Rep. 2025;15:7750. 10.1038/s41598-024-79280-8
Len-Tayon K, Metzger D, Laverny G. [New insights of vitamin D-based therapy for prostate cancer]. Med Sci (Paris). 2025;41:154. 10.1051/medsci/2025011
Soni D, Tiwari A, Kushwah PS, Dubey S, Khan S. Levels of Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D in Benign and Malignant Breast Disease Patients: An Observational Study. Cureus. 2025;17:e78283. 10.7759/cureus.78283
Peixoto D, Ravasco JM, Blanco-Fernandez B, Veiga F, Concheiro A, et al. Enzyme-responsive vitamin D-based micelles for paclitaxel-controlled delivery and synergistic pancreatic cancer therapy. Mater Today Bio. 2025;31:101555. 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101555
Ouyang Y, Cao L, Zhao Q, Yang W, Lin C. Biodegradable Mg-1%Ca alloy inhibits the growth of cervical cancer. Biomed Mater. 2025. 10.1088/1748-605X/adb2cc
Wang Z, Wang Z. Letter Re: Elevated serum magnesium levels prompt favourable outcomes in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint blockers. Eur J Cancer. 2025;216:115187. 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.115187
Kitapli S, Alkan A, Tanriverdi O. Elevated serum magnesium levels prompt favourable outcomes in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint blockers. Eur J Cancer. 2025;216:115188. 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.115188
Hao H, Sun S, Fu Y, Wen S, Wen Y, et al. Magnesium peroxide-based biomimetic nanoigniter degrades extracellular matrix to awake T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials. 2025;317:123043. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.123043
Li W, Tian H, Yan Z, Yu X, Li B, et al. Magnesium-Phenolic Nanoeditor Refining Gliomatous T Cells for Metalloimmunotherapy. ACS Nano. 2025;19:1222. 10.1021/acsnano.4c13388
Chu Z, Zheng W, Fu W, Liang J, Wang W, et al. Implanted Microneedles Loaded with Sparfloxacin and Zinc-Manganese Sulfide Nanoparticles Activates Immunity for Postoperative Triple-Negative Breast Cancer to Prevent Recurrence and Metastasis. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025. 10.1002/advs.202416270
Jin X, Tong W, Sun L, Lu S, Sun P, et al. Association of composite dietary antioxidant index with high risk of prostate cancer in middle-aged and elderly men: insights from NHANES. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1530174. 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1530174
Agare GI, Chidike Ezeorba TP, Michael DC, Emmanuel A, Clement AO, et al. Zinc Shield: Efficacy in Mitigating Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy - A Systematic Review. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2025. 10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.02.011
Zhou B, Chen M, Hao Z, Li L, Zhang Y, et al. Zinc-copper bimetallic nanoplatforms trigger photothermal-amplified cuproptosis and cGAS-STING activation for enhancing triple-negative breast cancer immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology. 2025;23:137. 10.1186/s12951-025-03186-4
Buj R, Cole AR, Danielson J, Xu J, Hurd D, et al. cancer cells outcompete macrophages for microenvironmental zinc to drive immunotherapy resistance. bioRxiv. 2025. 10.1101/2025.02.08.637227
Chen J, Wang Y, Huang J, Yang Z, Niu H, et al. Cascade specific endogenous Fe interference and catalysis for tumor therapy with stemness suppression. Natl Sci Rev. 2025;12:nwae434. 10.1093/nsr/nwae434