We developed a new way to deliver melatonin for those struggling with insomnia by creating microneedles made from silk fibroin. These tiny needles are designed to improve how the body absorbs melatonin, making it easier for people to get to sleep and stay asleep.
Our research shows that these microneedles can release melatonin steadily over a period of 11 hours. When we tested it on animals, we found that the microneedles maintained stable levels of drug in the bloodstream for up to 8 hours. This is promising news for individuals who may need help with their sleep cycles.
Additionally, the microneedles not only helped regulate sleep but also made a noticeable difference in anxiety levels in insomnia model rats. By improving the disrupted circadian rhythms, melatonin loaded into these microneedles could lead to significant therapeutic benefits.
We believe this innovative approach could enhance patient compliance and provide effective sleep aid for many in need. It’s an exciting development in the field of transdermal drug delivery for improving sleep quality and overcoming insomnia.
Read More
8
Melatonin's optimized dosage improves sleep
Optimizing the Time and Dose of Melatonin as a Sleep-Promoting Drug: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.
We explored the effectiveness of melatonin in treating insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The article reviewed current research and guidelines, emphasizing melatonin's safety and efficacy in this context.
Melatonin, particularly in prolonged-release formulations, shows promise as a long-term solution when traditional behavioral treatments fall short. This treatment option is approved for children aged 2 to 18 with ASD, providing relief from insomnia that affects both young patients and their caregivers.
While the current findings are encouraging, the authors acknowledged that more research is necessary to refine these approaches.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Most effective OTC
2 people found this helpful
This product works exceedingly well for my chronic pain, which causes persistent insomnia. I’ve trialed many sleep aids and other melatonin brands, including dissolvable forms, but this is the most effective over-the-counter option I’ve found after years of effort.
Read More
9
Long-term solution
1 people found this helpful
Melatonin is excellent. As a lifelong insomniac, I rely on it for restful sleep. Nature's Bounty is the dependable product I trust for quality and effectiveness in aiding my sleep.
Read More
10
Solved sleeping issues
Ever since I began using this product, I’ve had no difficulties with sleep. I’ve struggled with insomnia for years, but melatonin resolved everything!
We developed a new way to deliver melatonin for those struggling with insomnia by creating microneedles made from silk fibroin. These tiny needles are designed to improve how the body absorbs melatonin, making it easier for people to get to sleep and stay asleep.
Our research shows that these microneedles can release melatonin steadily over a period of 11 hours. When we tested it on animals, we found that the microneedles maintained stable levels of drug in the bloodstream for up to 8 hours. This is promising news for individuals who may need help with their sleep cycles.
Additionally, the microneedles not only helped regulate sleep but also made a noticeable difference in anxiety levels in insomnia model rats. By improving the disrupted circadian rhythms, melatonin loaded into these microneedles could lead to significant therapeutic benefits.
We believe this innovative approach could enhance patient compliance and provide effective sleep aid for many in need. It’s an exciting development in the field of transdermal drug delivery for improving sleep quality and overcoming insomnia.
Read More
9
Melatonin's Potential in Insomnia Treatment
We aimed to understand the impact of melatonin on insomnia, focusing on its ability to improve sleep quality. The study methodically assessed the isolated effects of melatonin without interference from other treatments. This design allowed us to clearly see how melatonin worked on its own.
Throughout the study, we observed that melatonin could effectively decrease the time it takes to fall asleep and enhance overall sleep duration. Participants reported improvements in their sleep patterns, suggesting that melatonin has a beneficial effect for those struggling with insomnia.
Overall, our exploration into melatonin's influence on insomnia highlights it as a relevant sleep aid. For anyone seeking a natural solution to restless nights, melatonin may indeed offer a promising option.
Read More
9
Melatonin enhances sleep and heart health
Unlocking the Heart's Guardian: Exploring Melatonin's Impact on the Cardiovascular System.
We observed how melatonin, often linked to better sleep, shows promising potential beyond just treating insomnia. Recent studies spotlight its effectiveness in promoting restful sleep with minimal side effects, making it a popular choice for people struggling with sleep issues.
Over time, we’ve noticed an uptick in melatonin use in the United States, shifting from 0.08% in 2005-2006 to about 0.28% in 2017-2018. This increase corresponds with growing recognition of melatonin's role in not just managing sleep disorders, but also in supporting muscle recovery and enhancing physical performance.
We also found that individuals with various cardiovascular conditions often have lower melatonin levels, which may contribute to higher risks of heart-related incidents. This connection suggests melatonin may have protective effects on heart health, in addition to its sleep benefits.
Overall, our exploration leads us to conclude that melatonin serves as both a sleep aid and a possible guardian for cardiovascular health, encouraging further research into its multiple benefits.
Read More
9
Ramelteon as insomnia treatment
Treatment of Depression-Related Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder (CRSWD) With Melatonin Receptor Agonist Ramelteon: A Case Report.
We explored how the melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon could help a high school student struggling with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) coupled with depression. This particular condition is a type of insomnia where the body’s internal clock is out of sync with the external world, often leading to significant challenges in daily life.
The treatment showcased positive outcomes, as the patient experienced improved sleep patterns after using ramelteon. These improvements enabled the student to re-engage with school, achieve university goals, and eventually secure employment after graduation. This case suggests that melatonin could be a valuable option for addressing insomnia, especially in individuals also facing depressive symptoms.
Overall, our observations point to the potential of ramelteon as a promising treatment for those experiencing circadian rhythm sleep disorders alongside depression, emphasizing the need for further clinical exploration in this area.
Read More
9
Melatonin shows promise for insomnia
Temazepam or Melatonin Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Insomnia in Advanced Cancer: A Three-Arm, Double-Blind, Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial.
We conducted a multicenter trial to explore how melatonin and temazepam affect insomnia in patients with advanced cancer. In our study, we compared these treatments to a placebo among individuals reporting an insomnia severity index (ISI) score above 11.
A total of 21 participants were randomly assigned to receive either temazepam, melatonin, or a placebo. We found that both temazepam and melatonin offered significant improvements in sleep quality compared to the placebo group, with the adjusted mean difference in ISI scores indicating a meaningful reduction in insomnia symptoms.
It’s important to note, however, that neither treatment led to improvements in the overall quality of life. Participants tolerated both melatonin and temazepam well, which is a positive indication for their use in managing sleep disturbances among cancer patients. These findings suggest that melatonin can have a beneficial effect on insomnia in this population, but further studies with larger groups are needed to confirm these results.
This product works exceedingly well for my chronic pain, which causes persistent insomnia. I’ve trialed many sleep aids and other melatonin brands, including dissolvable forms, but this is the most effective over-the-counter option I’ve found after years of effort.
Read More
9
Long-term solution
1 people found this helpful
Melatonin is excellent. As a lifelong insomniac, I rely on it for restful sleep. Nature's Bounty is the dependable product I trust for quality and effectiveness in aiding my sleep.
Read More
10
Solved sleeping issues
Ever since I began using this product, I’ve had no difficulties with sleep. I’ve struggled with insomnia for years, but melatonin resolved everything!
Read More
9
Helpful insomnia remedy
This product is very effective and beneficial for treating insomnia. I highly recommend it!
Read More
6
Natural sleep aid
1 people found this helpful
I began taking melatonin after a recommendation. It’s a natural substance beneficial in enhancing sleep quality when taken regularly. I have relied on it nightly for about seven years, although I eventually needed a prescription to manage my insomnia.
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by the inability to fall asleep, stay asleep, or wake up too early and not be able to go back to sleep. Individuals experiencing insomnia may find that it affects their daytime functioning, leading to issues such as fatigue, mood disturbances, and difficulty concentrating. Insomnia can be classified into two main types: acute insomnia, which lasts for a short period often triggered by stress or life changes, and chronic insomnia, which occurs at least three times a week for three months or longer, and may require more in-depth evaluation and treatment.
Numerous factors can contribute to insomnia, including stress, anxiety, poor sleep habits, medical conditions, and the use of certain medications. Treatment for insomnia typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), and sometimes medication. Establishing a consistent sleep routine, creating a comfortable sleep environment, and practicing relaxation techniques can help improve sleep quality. If insomnia persists, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and customized treatment options.
Melatonin is a hormone naturally produced by the pineal gland in the brain, primarily responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles. It is often referred to as the "sleep hormone" because its levels typically rise in the evening, signaling to your body that it’s time to prepare for sleep. Conversely, melatonin levels tend to drop in the morning, helping to wake you up and feel alert. Factors such as light exposure, age, and lifestyle can affect melatonin production, which is why many people turn to melatonin supplements as a natural remedy for insomnia and sleep disorders.
Melatonin supplements can be particularly useful for those who have disrupted sleep patterns, such as shift workers or travelers experiencing jet lag. Available in various forms, including tablets and gummies, melatonin is widely regarded as a safe option for short-term use. However, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you're pregnant, nursing, or taking other medications. While melatonin can be effective in promoting sleep, its efficacy can vary between individuals, and establishing good sleep hygiene practices, like maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and creating a comfortable sleep environment, can also significantly contribute to better sleep quality.
Melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles, and many studies suggest it can be an effective aid for those struggling with insomnia. Typically recommended for short-term use, melatonin supplements might assist in adjusting your body's internal clock, making it beneficial for individuals with delayed sleep phase disorder or those experiencing jet lag. However, results can vary from person to person; while some users find it helpful in falling asleep more quickly, others may not experience significant improvements in their sleep quality.
It's important to note that while melatonin can be useful, it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution. The timing, dosage, and specific formulation can play crucial roles in its effectiveness. A general recommendation is to take melatonin 30 minutes to an hour before bedtime, but it's always best to consult with a healthcare professional to tailor an approach specific to your needs. Furthermore, establishing good sleep hygiene practices—like maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and creating a comfortable sleep environment—can complement the use of melatonin and lead to better sleep outcomes.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report experiencing results from taking this melatonin supplement for insomnia relatively quickly. Several users noted that they felt the effects within about 20 to 30 minutes after taking the product. For example, one user mentioned that taking a capsule 20 minutes before bed works wonders for their insomnia Read Review. Another review indicates that the user begins to feel drowsy within half an hour of taking the supplement, which suggests a quick onset of effectiveness Read Review.
Melatonin has garnered scientific support as a treatment for insomnia through various studies exploring its efficacy and mechanisms. One study highlighted the innovative use of melatonin microneedles to enhance absorption, demonstrating the compound's ability to maintain stable levels in the bloodstream and positively impact sleep and anxiety levels in an animal model [1]. Furthermore, a systematic review showed that melatonin can effectively reduce the time taken to fall asleep and improve overall sleep duration, reinforcing its status as a natural sleep aid [16].
However, while melatonin shows promise, it's important to approach its use with a balanced perspective. Some studies indicate that while melatonin may benefit sleep quality for many, the evidence can be variable, particularly among different populations and conditions [6]. Aspects such as timing and dosage also significantly influence its effectiveness [17]. Overall, melatonin is recommended as an option for insomnia, especially in contexts where traditional methods have not succeeded, but ongoing research is essential to fully understand its role in sleep management and establish optimal usage guidelines.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report significant improvements in their sleep quality and relief from insomnia after using this melatonin supplement. One user expressed complete resolution of their sleep difficulties, stating that it effectively resolved years of insomnia troubles Read Review. Another review highlighted the product as "very effective and beneficial" for treating insomnia, along with a recommendation for others to try it Read Review.
Users also mentioned satisfaction with the dosage, with one noting that the supplement provides enough strength to be beneficial for their insomnia Read Review. Testimonials regarding the timing of effects suggest that many experienced drowsiness within 20 to 30 minutes of taking the supplement, indicating a swift onset of effectiveness Read Review. Overall, while individual results can vary, many users have reported positive experiences, leading to a higher likelihood of improved sleep outcomes for those considering this supplement.
When it comes to dosing melatonin for insomnia, research suggests that a range between 2 mg and 4 mg can be effective, depending on individual needs and responses. For example, a comprehensive review found that a higher dose of 4 mg taken approximately three hours before bedtime tended to produce better outcomes in reducing the time it takes to fall asleep and increasing total sleep duration [16]. Additionally, specific studies have indicated that prolonged-release formulations, particularly around 2 mg, can also be beneficial, especially for those struggling with sleep onset insomnia [7].
It’s important to mention that individual reactions to melatonin can vary widely, and patience may be needed as it can take a few weeks for users to realize its full potential benefits. Therefore, starting with a lower dose and gradually adjusting might be the best approach [2]. Furthermore, ongoing research continues to explore the pharmacological effects and optimal use of melatonin in treating insomnia, emphasizing its safety and minimal side effects [5]. Whether you’re older and seeking help for sleep disturbances or a child requiring a gentle sleep aid, melatonin can be a valuable option when used appropriately.
7.5
Natural insomnia relief
2 people found this helpful
This is an excellent natural remedy for my insomnia. One capsule taken 20 minutes before bed works wonders. I'm truly satisfied!
7.5
Shift work solution
Shift work messes with my biological clock, causing insomnia. However, taking one pill helps me feel drowsy in about half an hour. It’s a fantastic aid!
10
Solved sleeping issues
Ever since I began using this product, I’ve had no difficulties with sleep. I’ve struggled with insomnia for years, but melatonin resolved everything!
9
Helpful insomnia remedy
This product is very effective and beneficial for treating insomnia. I highly recommend it!
7.5
Good dosage
This melatonin has a sufficient dosage that's indeed beneficial for insomnia. Very pleased!
9
Melatonin delivery enhances sleep
Silk fibroin microneedles loaded with melatonin for circadian rhythm regulation.
We developed a new way to deliver melatonin for those struggling with insomnia by creating microneedles made from silk fibroin. These tiny needles are designed to improve how the body absorbs melatonin, making it easier for people to get to sleep and stay asleep.
Our research shows that these microneedles can release melatonin steadily over a period of 11 hours. When we tested it on animals, we found that the microneedles maintained stable levels of drug in the bloodstream for up to 8 hours. This is promising news for individuals who may need help with their sleep cycles.
Additionally, the microneedles not only helped regulate sleep but also made a noticeable difference in anxiety levels in insomnia model rats. By improving the disrupted circadian rhythms, melatonin loaded into these microneedles could lead to significant therapeutic benefits.
We believe this innovative approach could enhance patient compliance and provide effective sleep aid for many in need. It’s an exciting development in the field of transdermal drug delivery for improving sleep quality and overcoming insomnia.
8
Melatonin's optimized dosage improves sleep
Optimizing the Time and Dose of Melatonin as a Sleep-Promoting Drug: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.
We explored the effectiveness of melatonin as a treatment for insomnia, finding that the available evidence supports its use to some degree. While melatonin is often touted for its role in regulating sleep, research indicates it shows moderate effectiveness in improving sleep quality for those struggling with insomnia. This suggests that it could help some individuals settle into a more restful night’s sleep.
Despite the promise shown in various studies, it's important to note that not all evidence is robust or conclusive. Some findings on melatonin’s effect on sleep are variable and do not establish clear guidelines for usage. More detailed studies could offer clearer insights into how melatonin functions within different contexts, particularly in older adults who may be experiencing more significant sleep disturbances.
In summary, while melatonin has potential as an aid for insomnia, we must approach its use with cautious optimism and an understanding of the need for individual variability in response to such treatments.
8
Melatonin improves sleep in ASD
Insomnia in children affected by autism spectrum disorder: The role of melatonin in treatment.
We explored the effectiveness of melatonin in treating insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The article reviewed current research and guidelines, emphasizing melatonin's safety and efficacy in this context.
Melatonin, particularly in prolonged-release formulations, shows promise as a long-term solution when traditional behavioral treatments fall short. This treatment option is approved for children aged 2 to 18 with ASD, providing relief from insomnia that affects both young patients and their caregivers.
While the current findings are encouraging, the authors acknowledged that more research is necessary to refine these approaches.
8
Melatonin's potential in insomnia treatment
Effects of Approved Pharmacological Interventions for Insomnia on Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review.
We delved into the role of melatonin as a treatment for insomnia, particularly in the context of mood disorders. Our exploration centered on pharmacological treatments, discovering that melatonin, specifically in the form of a 2 mg prolonged release dosage, showcased promising results in alleviating insomnia symptoms.
Through a systematic review, we found that melatonin not only helps improve sleep quality but may also assist in reducing some mood-related symptoms, providing a dual benefit. The data indicated that melatonin could regulate the sleep system effectively, which in turn could have positive effects on mood.
Overall, our analysis highlighted the potential of melatonin as a valuable tool in addressing insomnia, particularly when it accompanies mood challenges. As more evidence surfaces, melatonin's role in sleep management continues to gain importance for those struggling with insomnia.
We explored how melatonin can help those dealing with insomnia, particularly in individuals with non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, which is common among the blind without light perception. This condition involves alternating periods of insomnia and daytime sleepiness, which can vary significantly based on each person's internal clock.
Diagnosis primarily relies on tracking sleep patterns through logs or diaries, and, when possible, using actigraphy, which monitors sleep activity over time. Melatonin treatment is a key recommendation, especially when timed to align with the body's natural rhythms and the solar cycle.
We observed that while melatonin can take a few weeks or even months to show its benefits, many patients find effectiveness in its use. We must also note, however, that there's often a possibility of relapse when the medication is discontinued, so it's essential to consider ongoing management beyond initial treatment.
9
Melatonin enhances sleep and heart health
Unlocking the Heart's Guardian: Exploring Melatonin's Impact on the Cardiovascular System.
We observed how melatonin, often linked to better sleep, shows promising potential beyond just treating insomnia. Recent studies spotlight its effectiveness in promoting restful sleep with minimal side effects, making it a popular choice for people struggling with sleep issues.
Over time, we’ve noticed an uptick in melatonin use in the United States, shifting from 0.08% in 2005-2006 to about 0.28% in 2017-2018. This increase corresponds with growing recognition of melatonin's role in not just managing sleep disorders, but also in supporting muscle recovery and enhancing physical performance.
We also found that individuals with various cardiovascular conditions often have lower melatonin levels, which may contribute to higher risks of heart-related incidents. This connection suggests melatonin may have protective effects on heart health, in addition to its sleep benefits.
Overall, our exploration leads us to conclude that melatonin serves as both a sleep aid and a possible guardian for cardiovascular health, encouraging further research into its multiple benefits.
References
Li X, Chen Y, Shao H, Yan Z, Wang Y, et al. Silk fibroin microneedles loaded with melatonin for circadian rhythm regulation. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025;301:140500. 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140500
Quera-Salva MA, Hartley S, Uscamaita K. Circadian rhythm disorders in the blind. Handb Clin Neurol. 2025;206:113. 10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.00007-1
Li Z, Shu Y, Liu Q, Liu D, Xie S, et al. Sleep deprivation activated AMPK/FOXO3a signaling mediates pineal autophagy impairment to reduce melatonin secretion in CUMS + SD rats leading to depression combined with insomnia. Neurosci Lett. 2025;848:138091. 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138091
Said A, Shah D, Shah P, Singh B, Anamika F, et al. Unlocking the Heart's Guardian: Exploring Melatonin's Impact on the Cardiovascular System. Cardiol Rev. 2024. 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000822
Kaufman MW, DeParis S, Oppezzo M, Mah C, Roche M, et al. Nutritional Supplements for Healthy Aging: A Critical Analysis Review. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2024. 10.1177/15598276241244725
Palagini L, Miniati M, Marazziti D, Riemann D, Geoffroy PA, et al. Effects of Approved Pharmacological Interventions for Insomnia on Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review. Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2024;21:385. 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240504
Khalid S, Bashir S, Mehboob R, Anwar T, Ali M, et al. Effects of magnesium and potassium supplementation on insomnia and sleep hormones in patients with diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1370733. 10.3389/fendo.2024.1370733
Kim P, Garner N, Tatkovic A, Parsons R, Chunduri P, et al. Melatonin's role in the timing of sleep onset is conserved in nocturnal mice. NPJ Biol Timing Sleep. 2024;1:13. 10.1038/s44323-024-00013-1
Matsumoto S, Ohama R, Hoei T, Tojo R, Nakamura T. Treatment of Depression-Related Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder (CRSWD) With Melatonin Receptor Agonist Ramelteon: A Case Report. Cureus. 2024;16:e68311. 10.7759/cureus.68311
Mendis R, Wong A, Frenkel S, Southcott AM, Selman CJ, et al. Temazepam or Melatonin Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Insomnia in Advanced Cancer: A Three-Arm, Double-Blind, Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial. J Palliat Med. 2024;27:1368. 10.1089/jpm.2024.0151
Terribili R, Vallifuoco G, Bardelli M, Frediani B, Gentileschi S. A Fixed Combination of Palmitoylethanolamide and Melatonin (PEATONIDE) for the Management of Pain, Sleep, and Disability in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2024;16. 10.3390/nu16162785
Huang X, Li R, Zhang S, Liu K, Shen L, et al. Effects of integrative therapy with Du Meridian moxibustion, ear acupuncture, and alprazolam on cardiac function and neurotransmitter levels in patients with coronary heart disease and insomnia: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024;103:e39318. 10.1097/MD.0000000000039318
Salame A, Mathew S, Bhanu C, Bazo-Alvarez JC, Bhamra SK, et al. Over-the-counter products for insomnia in adults: A scoping review of randomised controlled trials. Sleep Med. 2025;129:219. 10.1016/j.sleep.2025.02.027
Frost R, Mathew S, Thomas V, Uddin S, Salame A, et al. A scoping review of over-the-counter products for depression, anxiety and insomnia in older people. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2024;24:275. 10.1186/s12906-024-04585-0
Cruz-Sanabria F, Bruno S, Crippa A, Frumento P, Scarselli M, et al. Optimizing the Time and Dose of Melatonin as a Sleep-Promoting Drug: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. J Pineal Res. 2024;76:e12985. 10.1111/jpi.12985
Bruni O, Biggio G, Malorgio E, Nobili L. Insomnia in children affected by autism spectrum disorder: The role of melatonin in treatment. Sleep Med. 2024;119:511. 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.046
Nissen ER, Neumann H, Knutzen SM, Henriksen EN, Amidi A, et al. Interventions for insomnia in cancer patients and survivors-a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2024;8. 10.1093/jncics/pkae041
Del Casale A, Arena JF, Giannetti F, Minervino A, Biggio G, et al. The use of prolonged-release melatonin in circadian medicine: a systematic review. Minerva Med. 2024;115:125. 10.23736/S0026-4806.24.09303-0
Ren H, Kong X, Zhang Y, Deng F, Li J, et al. The therapeutic potential of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen and Polygalae Radix in insomnia management: Insights from gut microbiota and serum metabolomics techniques. J Ethnopharmacol. 2024;330:118255. 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118255
Bruni O, Breda M, Nobili L, Fietze I, Capdevila ORS, et al. European expert guidance on management of sleep onset insomnia and melatonin use in typically developing children. Eur J Pediatr. 2024;183:2955. 10.1007/s00431-024-05556-w
Vecchierini MF, Léger D. [Pharmacotherapies for insomnia]. Rev Prat. 2024;74:297.
De Simone M, De Feo R, Choucha A, Ciaglia E, Fezeu F. Enhancing Sleep Quality: Assessing the Efficacy of a Fixed Combination of Linden, Hawthorn, Vitamin B1, and Melatonin. Med Sci (Basel). 2023;12. 10.3390/medsci12010002