Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. The symptoms typically present in early childhood and can continue into adolescence and adulthood. Individuals with ADHD may find it challenging to focus, organize tasks, follow through on instructions, and regulate their emotions. Hyperactivity can manifest as excessive fidgeting or an inability to remain seated in structured environments, while impulsivity may lead to hasty actions without considering the consequences.
Diagnosis of ADHD involves comprehensive assessments, often including behavioral evaluations and standardized rating scales, to determine how symptoms impact the individual’s daily life. Treatment can vary widely and may include behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, and medications such as stimulants or non-stimulants, aimed at improving attention span and impulse control. Understanding ADHD is crucial, not only for effective management but also for reducing stigma and promoting awareness. As our understanding of neurodiversity expands, more resources and support systems are becoming available to help those with ADHD thrive in both academic and social settings.