We investigated the potential of vitamin B12 to mitigate anxiety in adult zebrafish subjected to chronic alcohol exposure. Our study involved exposing zebrafish to alcohol and then providing them with vitamin B12 to see if it would help reduce anxiety-related behaviors. By using a geotaxis test, we could observe how the fish responded in terms of anxiety in a controlled environment.
The effects were examined alongside oxidative stress and brain health, letting us delve into the biological changes that might occur due to both alcohol and vitamin treatment. The results indicated that chronic alcohol exposure did indeed affect brain function and behavior in the zebrafish. However, we found promising evidence that vitamin B12 operations as a neuroprotective agent, possibly offering relief from the anxiety associated with long-term alcohol use.
Our findings suggest that there may be valuable implications for using vitamin B12 in addressing anxiety related to chronic alcoholism, albeit further studies would be instrumental to fully understand its capabilities and mechanisms.
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9
Vitamin B shows anxiety relief potential
Vitamin B reversed anxiety and depression induced by adolescent nicotine withdrawal through alteration the inflammatory, oxidative and serotoninergic profiles in male rats.
We investigated how vitamin B might alleviate anxiety and depression caused by nicotine withdrawal in adolescent male rats.
The study compared the effects of vitamin B with bupropion, revealing that vitamin B was similarly effective in reducing withdrawal symptoms.
Notably, it also demonstrated a positive impact on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory levels, suggesting vitamin B could be a promising treatment not just for nicotine withdrawal but potentially for other conditions linked to oxidative stress.
Read More
8
B12 improves fibromyalgia-related anxiety
Effect of vitamin B12 on the symptom severity and psychological profile of fibromyalgia patients; a prospective pre-post study.
We aimed to understand how a daily dose of 1000 mcg of vitamin B12 affects anxiety and overall symptoms in fibromyalgia patients. In a straightforward open-label study, patients took this vitamin for 50 days and completed various health questionnaires before and after the treatment.
The results revealed that vitamin B12 significantly improved both the severity of fibromyalgia symptoms and anxiety scores. This suggests that considering vitamin B12 as an additional therapy for fibromyalgia and related anxiety could be beneficial.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
10
Improved memory
2 people found this helpful
After taking vitamin B12, I noticed an improvement in memory and concentration, and my anxiety diminished.
Read More
9
Calmer routines
1 people found this helpful
I regularly order for myself and my family. I appreciate the quality and size, which ensure a good effect. My sleep has improved, daily routines are calmer, and there is less anxiety along with more energy. I genuinely feel that my nervous system is in a more restful state than before, when I was easily irritated by small matters. Additionally, I have noticed a better metabolism and feel lighter. 🤗
Read More
9
Highly recommended
1 people found this helpful
Superb product! I have been using it for over a year, and it has significantly helped with my anxiety and nervousness. I recommend it!
Vitamin B reversed anxiety and depression induced by adolescent nicotine withdrawal through alteration the inflammatory, oxidative and serotoninergic profiles in male rats.
We investigated how vitamin B might alleviate anxiety and depression caused by nicotine withdrawal in adolescent male rats.
The study compared the effects of vitamin B with bupropion, revealing that vitamin B was similarly effective in reducing withdrawal symptoms.
Notably, it also demonstrated a positive impact on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory levels, suggesting vitamin B could be a promising treatment not just for nicotine withdrawal but potentially for other conditions linked to oxidative stress.
Read More
8
B12 improves fibromyalgia-related anxiety
Effect of vitamin B12 on the symptom severity and psychological profile of fibromyalgia patients; a prospective pre-post study.
We aimed to understand how a daily dose of 1000 mcg of vitamin B12 affects anxiety and overall symptoms in fibromyalgia patients. In a straightforward open-label study, patients took this vitamin for 50 days and completed various health questionnaires before and after the treatment.
The results revealed that vitamin B12 significantly improved both the severity of fibromyalgia symptoms and anxiety scores. This suggests that considering vitamin B12 as an additional therapy for fibromyalgia and related anxiety could be beneficial.
Read More
8
Folic acid alleviates pain-induced anxiety
Long-term folic acid treatment relieves chronic inflammatory pain and pain-induced anxiety by reducing MMP2 expression in rats.
We investigated the potential effects of folic acid on anxiety arising from chronic inflammatory pain. Using a group of adult rats, we induced inflammatory pain by injecting them with complete Freund's adjuvant into their hindpaw. Pain levels and behaviors were measured through paw withdrawal tests to monitor mechanical and thermal sensitivity.
Our findings revealed that the rats experienced heightened pain levels, correlating with increased expression of Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) in certain nerve regions. Most importantly, we discovered that long-term treatment with folic acid not only lowered MMP2 levels but also provided significant relief from the chronic pain. Additionally, this treatment helped reduce anxiety related to pain, showing that folic acid could play a protective role in managing both chronic inflammatory pain and the anxiety that often accompanies it.
The results suggest that folic acid could be a valuable therapeutic option for tackling both pain and the psychological distress that can follow chronic inflammation. This dual benefit opens the door for further exploration of folic acid in pain management strategies.
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8
Folic acid aids anxiety treatment
A combination of chlorzoxazone and folic acid improves recognition memory, anxiety and depression in SCA3-84Q mice.
A recent study explored how a combination of chlorzoxazone and folic acid can influence anxiety and cognitive functions. The research focused on SCA3-84Q mice, which exhibit anxiety, memory decline, and signs of low mood due to a genetic condition known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.
We assessed how long-term injections of chlorzoxazone alone, and in combination with folic acid, affected the brain's Purkinje cells and the overall behavior of these mice. While both treatments seemed to enhance certain motor functions, it was notably the combination of chlorzoxazone and folic acid that significantly reduced anxiety and depressed behavior, alongside improving recognition memory.
Our findings suggest that addressing not just motor symptoms but also mood and cognitive functions is crucial in treating conditions like SCA3. This combination therapy could pave the way for more comprehensive treatment strategies for patients dealing with similar conditions.
Read More
8
Folic acid eases withdrawal symptoms
Folic Acid Ameliorates Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by Nicotine Withdrawal Through Restoration of Behavioral and Biochemical Alterations in Adolescent Male Rats.
We explored the impact of folic acid (FA) on anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in adolescent male rats following nicotine withdrawal. In our study, we divided the rats into groups that received either a nicotine treatment or a vehicle control, then observed their behavior as they experienced withdrawal.
After this period, we introduced various doses of FA and compared their effects on the rats' mood. Our findings indicate that folic acid may help reduce anxiety and depression symptoms linked to nicotine withdrawal.
The study suggested that FA works by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme related to serotonin metabolism, along with balancing oxidative stress and inflammation. While other treatments, like bupropion, were also examined, the potential of FA to improve cognitive issues arising from nicotine withdrawal stands out.
Overall, we observed that folic acid could be a beneficial supplement for addressing anxiety and depression during the challenging withdrawal process from nicotine.
After taking vitamin B12, I noticed an improvement in memory and concentration, and my anxiety diminished.
Read More
9
Calmer routines
1 people found this helpful
I regularly order for myself and my family. I appreciate the quality and size, which ensure a good effect. My sleep has improved, daily routines are calmer, and there is less anxiety along with more energy. I genuinely feel that my nervous system is in a more restful state than before, when I was easily irritated by small matters. Additionally, I have noticed a better metabolism and feel lighter. 🤗
Read More
9
Highly recommended
1 people found this helpful
Superb product! I have been using it for over a year, and it has significantly helped with my anxiety and nervousness. I recommend it!
Read More
10
Anxiety relief
I have overcome anxiety, shaking, and anger after taking this; I wholeheartedly recommend it.
Read More
9
Super cocktail
2 people found this helpful
Essential for individuals struggling with alcohol addiction. I take B12 alongside B6. B12 effectively alleviates anxiety, while B6 simply calms. Together, they form a super cocktail. Both vitamins are vital for individuals suffering from alcoholism, as alcohol depletes them, leading to anxiety and instability. It creates a vicious circle. If a relative suffers from this issue, I recommend introducing this cocktail. 🤔🤗
Anxiety is a natural and often healthy emotion characterized by feelings of worry, nervousness, or fear about an impending event or situation. While some level of anxiety is a normal reaction to stress, excessive or chronic anxiety can become a mental health issue. It may present in various forms, from everyday worries to more severe conditions such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, or social anxiety disorder. Symptoms can manifest both psychologically, such as persistent worry and difficulty concentrating, and physically, including symptoms like increased heart rate, sweating, or fatigue.
Understanding the difference between normal anxiety and an anxiety disorder is crucial. Normal anxiety can be beneficial, motivating you to prepare for important events like exams or public speaking. However, when it starts to interfere with daily activities or leads to avoidance behaviors, it may indicate the need for professional help. Treatments for anxiety often include therapy, medications, and lifestyle changes, allowing individuals to manage their symptoms effectively. If someone is struggling with anxiety that impacts their quality of life, seeking guidance from a healthcare professional is a key step toward recovery.
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in several vital functions in the human body. It is essential for red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. Naturally occurring in animal products, the vitamin can be found in high concentrations in meat, fish, eggs, and dairy, making it particularly important for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, as plant-based sources of B12 are limited and often require supplementation.
A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to serious health issues, including anemia, fatigue, memory problems, and nerve damage. Due to its significance, it's crucial for individuals, particularly those at risk of deficiency, to ensure adequate intake through diet or supplementation. For most adults, the recommended daily allowance (RDA) is around 2.4 micrograms, though pregnant or breastfeeding women may require higher amounts. If you're considering B12 supplements, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best option for your specific needs and health status.
Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in maintaining overall brain health and is involved in the production of neurotransmitters that regulate mood, such as serotonin and dopamine. While some studies have indicated that individuals with low levels of B12 may experience higher rates of anxiety and depression, research specifically linking B12 supplementation directly to significant anxiety relief is limited. It’s important to note that a balanced diet rich in B12, which can be found in foods like meat, fish, eggs, and dairy, may support proper brain function and potentially help mitigate anxiety symptoms.
If you are considering B12 supplements for anxiety management, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional first. They can assess your B12 levels and provide personalized recommendations. While supplementation may help those who are deficient in this vital nutrient, relying solely on B12 without addressing other aspects of mental health, such as therapy or lifestyle changes, may not be an effective strategy for anxiety management.
Based on user reviews, the timeline for seeing results from taking B12 for anxiety can vary significantly. Many users report noticeable improvements in their anxiety levels within a few weeks of consistent use. For instance, one reviewer mentioned that their anxiety diminished after starting to take B12, indicating that some users may begin to feel effects relatively quickly Read Review. Another user highlighted improved calmness and reduced anxiety as they continued using the supplement, suggesting that benefits can accumulate over time Read Review.
Moreover, a long-term user reported significant help with anxiety after using B12 for over a year Read Review. It appears that for some individuals, consistency in taking the supplement is key to fully unlocking its benefits. Users recommend trying B12 in combination with other vitamins for enhanced effects, particularly for those struggling with specific issues like alcohol addiction Read Review. Overall, while some may notice initial benefits quickly, a more extended period of use might be necessary for others to fully experience the calming effects of B12.
While the link between B vitamins and anxiety remains a subject of ongoing research, several studies indicate that certain B vitamins might offer benefits for anxiety management. One study found that vitamin B significantly improved neurochemical balance in rats experiencing stress, suggesting its potential role in reducing anxiety-like behaviors [1]. Another study indicated that high doses of vitamin B6 reduced anxiety symptoms in a population of young adults, while vitamin B12 did not show notable benefits in the same context [9]. Moreover, a study focusing on fibromyalgia patients revealed that daily supplementation with vitamin B12 considerably improved anxiety scores, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic option for individuals struggling with both chronic pain and anxiety [8].
However, the relationship between vitamin B12 levels and anxiety is complex. Some findings suggest that higher serum B12 levels might correlate with an increased risk of anxiety disorders, raising questions about whether supplementation is beneficial for everyone [17]. Overall, while there is emerging evidence supporting the role of certain B vitamins in alleviating anxiety, particularly vitamins B6 and B12 in specific contexts, results are mixed, and further research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
Users report a variety of improvements in symptoms after taking vitamin B12, particularly concerning anxiety, memory, concentration, and overall well-being. Many individuals have noted that their anxiety levels have diminished; one user mentioned a significant alleviation of anxiety, shaking, and anger due to B12 supplementation Read Review. Another long-term user highlighted their enhanced calmness and the ability to manage daily routines more effectively, attributing this change to a more restful state of their nervous system Read Review.
Additionally, users have reported improvements in cognitive function, such as better memory and concentration Read Review. Those who have combined B12 with other vitamins, like B6, noted even more substantial benefits in alleviating anxiety, especially for individuals struggling with alcohol addiction Read Review. Overall, while individual results may vary, a significant number of users have shared positive experiences with B12 in terms of both mental clarity and emotional stability.
Users report positive experiences when combining vitamin B12 with other supplements for managing anxiety. For instance, one individual highlighted the efficacy of taking B12 alongside vitamin B6, noting their combined effect as a "super cocktail" that alleviates anxiety and provides a calming effect, particularly beneficial for those grappling with alcohol addiction Read Review. This synergy appears to effectively address the anxiety linked to nutrient depletion caused by alcohol consumption, creating an avenue for recovery and emotional stability.
Additionally, several users indicate that B12, when complemented with other vitamins, leads to enhanced overall well-being. One reviewer mentioned experiencing significant improvements in sleep, daily routines, and anxiety levels attributed to their use of B12, while also expressing satisfaction with the quality and effects of their supplements Read Review. Overall, the testimonials suggest that combining B12 with products specifically targeting individual needs can result in more substantial mental health benefits and greater ease in managing anxiety.
Research suggests that a daily dose of 1000 mcg of Vitamin B12 may be optimal for treating anxiety, particularly in individuals with fibromyalgia. In a study conducted with fibromyalgia patients, those who supplemented with this dosage for 50 days reported significant improvements in their anxiety levels, indicating that Vitamin B12 could effectively contribute to their overall treatment plan [8]. However, it’s important to note that the relationship between Vitamin B12 and anxiety is complex, with evidence pointing towards both deficiency and elevated levels being linked to anxiety symptoms [17].
While higher doses, like 1000 mcg, show promise, the effects may vary depending on individual health profiles and underlying conditions. Other studies have highlighted that the benefits of Vitamin B12 on anxiety may depend on dietary quality and the presence of related deficiencies [7]. Therefore, while the 1000 mcg dose appears effective for some, it's essential to consult a healthcare provider to tailor treatment plans based on personal health needs and nutritional status.
10
Improved memory
2 people found this helpful
After taking vitamin B12, I noticed an improvement in memory and concentration, and my anxiety diminished.
9
Calmer routines
1 people found this helpful
I regularly order for myself and my family. I appreciate the quality and size, which ensure a good effect. My sleep has improved, daily routines are calmer, and there is less anxiety along with more energy. I genuinely feel that my nervous system is in a more restful state than before, when I was easily irritated by small matters. Additionally, I have noticed a better metabolism and feel lighter. 🤗
9
Highly recommended
1 people found this helpful
Superb product! I have been using it for over a year, and it has significantly helped with my anxiety and nervousness. I recommend it!
9
Super cocktail
2 people found this helpful
Essential for individuals struggling with alcohol addiction. I take B12 alongside B6. B12 effectively alleviates anxiety, while B6 simply calms. Together, they form a super cocktail. Both vitamins are vital for individuals suffering from alcoholism, as alcohol depletes them, leading to anxiety and instability. It creates a vicious circle. If a relative suffers from this issue, I recommend introducing this cocktail. 🤔🤗
10
Anxiety relief
I have overcome anxiety, shaking, and anger after taking this; I wholeheartedly recommend it.
7
Vitamin B improves anxiety-related behaviors
[Effects of Vitamin B on Behaviors, Brain Monoamine Neurotransmitters, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Depressive Rats].
We set out to understand how Vitamin B affects behavior and brain chemistry in rats experiencing depression due to stress. In our study, 72 rats were divided into three groups: a control group, a group under stress, and a group under stress receiving Vitamin B injections.
Results showed that Vitamin B helped elevate brain chemicals associated with mood and reduced anxiety-like behaviors by improving neurochemical balance. This suggests a beneficial impact of Vitamin B on anxiety, particularly through its influence on essential neurotransmitters and the brain's supporting structures.
We explored the impact of high-dose Vitamin B6 and B12 supplementation on anxiety in a double-blind study involving 478 young adults. Participants reported their anxiety and depression levels before and after taking the supplements for a month.
While B6 showed promising results, significantly reducing anxiety and even suggesting lower depression levels, B12 did not produce notable benefits in these areas. Overall, our findings point to B6’s potential in enhancing GABA activity, which may help with emotional regulation.
8
B12 improves fibromyalgia-related anxiety
Effect of vitamin B12 on the symptom severity and psychological profile of fibromyalgia patients; a prospective pre-post study.
We aimed to understand how a daily dose of 1000 mcg of vitamin B12 affects anxiety and overall symptoms in fibromyalgia patients. In a straightforward open-label study, patients took this vitamin for 50 days and completed various health questionnaires before and after the treatment.
The results revealed that vitamin B12 significantly improved both the severity of fibromyalgia symptoms and anxiety scores. This suggests that considering vitamin B12 as an additional therapy for fibromyalgia and related anxiety could be beneficial.
7
Potential link of vitamin B12 to anxiety
Exploring the Association between Serum B Vitamins, Homocysteine and Mental Disorders: Insights from Mendelian Randomization.
We set out to explore the role of serum vitamin B12 levels in relation to anxiety disorders, using a robust methodology that involved genetic data analysis. By pulling information from large-scale genome-wide association studies, we focused on identifying potential causal relationships between vitamin B12 and anxiety symptoms.
Our findings suggest that higher levels of vitamin B12 might be associated with an increased risk of anxiety disorders. Specifically, the analysis revealed that for every unit increase in serum vitamin B12, there's an odds ratio of 1.34 for anxiety disorders. This means that individuals with elevated vitamin B12 levels could be more likely to experience anxiety.
However, it’s essential to note that while there is a suggestive link, the relationship isn't fully straightforward. Other factors could be influencing this association, and we cannot eliminate the possibility that genetic variation might play a role in these findings. Thus, further studies are necessary to validate these results in broader and more diverse populations.
In conclusion, while our study highlights a potential connection between serum vitamin B12 levels and anxiety, it's crucial to approach these observations with caution until more research can provide clearer insights.
5
B12 effects depend on diet
Investigating the Effects of a Multinutrient Supplement on Cognition, Mood and Biochemical Markers in Middle-Aged Adults with 'Optimal' and 'Sub-Optimal' Diets: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial.
We evaluated how a multinutrient formula, including B12, influenced memory, attention, and mood in middle-aged adults over 12 weeks.
While we saw an increase in B vitamin levels with active treatment, the results on cognitive functions were mixed.
Notably, individuals with an "optimal" diet showed improved attention and reduced anxiety, while no benefits were found for those with "sub-optimal" diets.
This suggests that B12's impact on anxiety may rely on dietary quality, indicating the need for more targeted studies in the future.
References
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Al Jassem O, Kheir K, Ismail A, Abou-Abbas L, Masri A, et al. Vitamin B12 deficiency and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study of vegans, vegetarians, and omnivores. PLoS One. 2024;19:e0297976. 10.1371/journal.pone.0297976
Tengelmann C, Joos S, Kaußner Y, Malzahn U, Lunden L, et al. Feasibility, safety and effectiveness of prednisolone and vitamin B1, B6, and B12 in patients with post-COVID-19-syndrome (PreVitaCOV) - protocol of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre trial in primary care (phase IIIb). BMC Infect Dis. 2024;24:56. 10.1186/s12879-023-08925-2
Pahlavani H, Masoudi M, Khoshroo N, Kakhki S, Mahdi Rezavanimehr M, et al. Vitamin B reversed anxiety and depression induced by adolescent nicotine withdrawal through alteration the inflammatory, oxidative and serotoninergic profiles in male rats. Biochem Pharmacol. 2023;217:115832. 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115832
Pickering G, Noah L, Pereira B, Goubayon J, Leray V, et al. Assessing brain function in stressed healthy individuals following the use of a combination of green tea, Rhodiola, magnesium, and B vitamins: an fMRI study. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1211321. 10.3389/fnut.2023.1211321
Shemirani F, Titcomb TJ, Saxby SM, Eyck PT, Rubenstein LM, et al. Association of serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B and mood following the Swank and Wahls elimination dietary interventions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Secondary analysis of the WAVES trial. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2023;75:104743. 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104743
Young LM, Gauci S, Arnoldy L, Martin L, Perry N, et al. Investigating the Effects of a Multinutrient Supplement on Cognition, Mood and Biochemical Markers in Middle-Aged Adults with 'Optimal' and 'Sub-Optimal' Diets: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2022;14. 10.3390/nu14235079
Gharibpoor F, Ghavidel-Parsa B, Sattari N, Bidari A, Nejatifar F, et al. Effect of vitamin B12 on the symptom severity and psychological profile of fibromyalgia patients; a prospective pre-post study. BMC Rheumatol. 2022;6:51. 10.1186/s41927-022-00282-y
Field DT, Cracknell RO, Eastwood JR, Scarfe P, Williams CM, et al. High-dose Vitamin B6 supplementation reduces anxiety and strengthens visual surround suppression. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2022;37:e2852. 10.1002/hup.2852
Ni WH, Wang K, Wang Y, Lu J, Lu CT, et al. Long-term folic acid treatment relieves chronic inflammatory pain and pain-induced anxiety by reducing MMP2 expression in rats. Neuropharmacology. 2025;269:110352. 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110352
Marinina KS, Bezprozvanny IB, Egorova PA. A combination of chlorzoxazone and folic acid improves recognition memory, anxiety and depression in SCA3-84Q mice. Hum Mol Genet. 2024;33:1406. 10.1093/hmg/ddae079
Rezaei Moghadam M, Khoshrou A, Kakhki S, Hosseini SH, Shirinzadeh Feizabadi A, et al. Folic Acid Ameliorates Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by Nicotine Withdrawal Through Restoration of Behavioral and Biochemical Alterations in Adolescent Male Rats. Nicotine Tob Res. 2024;26:733. 10.1093/ntr/ntad227
Marengo L, Barey A, Salguero A, Fabio MC, Cendán CM, et al. Neurobehavioral alterations induced by third-trimester gestation-equivalent ethanol exposure are inhibited by folate administration. Dev Psychobiol. 2023;65:e22426. 10.1002/dev.22426
de Carvalho J, Lerner A, Feingold D. Management of Hyperhomocysteinemia, Low Vitamin Levels, and Low Cortisol in Cannabis Users: A Report of 2 Cases. J Chiropr Med. 2022;21:322. 10.1016/j.jcm.2022.03.001
Zhao T, Wu D, Du J, Liu G, Ji G, et al. Folic Acid Attenuates Glial Activation in Neonatal Mice and Improves Adult Mood Disorders Through Epigenetic Regulation. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:818423. 10.3389/fphar.2022.818423
Nahar M, Rai R, Jat D. Therapeutic intervention of vitamin B12 in mitigating chronic alcoholism induced alterations in adult zebrafish (): a holistic approach. Int J Neurosci. 2024. 10.1080/00207454.2024.2398564
Hu Y, Yu M, Wang Y, Wu H, Yang X, et al. Exploring the Association between Serum B Vitamins, Homocysteine and Mental Disorders: Insights from Mendelian Randomization. Nutrients. 2024;16. 10.3390/nu16131986
Tan Y, Zhou L, Huang J, Chen X, Wu Y, et al. Vitamin B12, Folate, Homocysteine, Inflammatory Mediators (Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and C-Reactive Protein) Levels in Adolescents with Anxiety or Depressive Symptoms. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2023;19:785. 10.2147/NDT.S399378