We examined the relationship between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and osteoporosis using a method called 2-sample Mendelian randomization. This approach allowed us to investigate if higher levels of DHA could be a risk factor for osteoporosis.
Our findings revealed a causal tie: increased blood levels of DHA were indeed linked to a higher risk of developing osteoporosis. Specifically, for each standard deviation increase in DHA levels, the risk for osteoporosis rose by nearly 10%. We found this connection to be statistically significant, with a P-value of 0.033.
However, it's important to point out that the genetic correlation between DHA and osteoporosis was weak, suggesting that this relationship might not be heavily influenced by our genes. While these results indicate that DHA levels are a risk factor for osteoporosis, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
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9
EPA helps balance bone health
Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation modulates the osteoblast/osteoclast balance in inflammatory environments and protects against estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice.
We examined how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid, influences bone health, particularly in conditions like osteoporosis caused by inflammation and estrogen deficiency. Through tests on mouse stem cells and a specific inflammatory environment, we discovered that EPA can enhance the formation of bone-building cells while reducing the activity of bone-resorbing cells.
Additionally, in an ovariectomized mouse model, EPA effectively prevented bone loss, showing promise for tackling postmenopausal osteoporosis. This suggests that dietary supplementation with EPA could be beneficial in managing bone health, although further research is essential to confirm these effects in humans.
Read More
9
Omega-3 oil boosts bone health
The opposite effects of Antarctic krill oil and arachidonic acid-rich oil on bone resorption in ovariectomized mice.
We explored how different types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect bone health. Mice with postmenopausal osteoporosis were treated with Antarctic krill oil (rich in omega-3 PUFAs) or arachidonic acid-rich oil (rich in omega-6 PUFAs) over a 120-day period.
Our findings revealed that Antarctic krill oil improved bone density and strength, while arachidonic acid-rich oil worsened these conditions. This study highlights the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids for osteoporosis, suggesting that diet can play a crucial role in bone health.
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Most Useful Reviews
7.5
Supports joint health
2 people found this helpful
Good omega-3s support joint health and help prevent osteoporosis. The fatty acids relieve inflammation and combat bone loss. I recommend this product.
Read More
7.5
Excellent support
2 people found this helpful
Excellent omega-3 supports joint health, prevents osteoporosis, and fatty acids alleviate inflammation and bone loss.
Read More
7.5
Relieves joint pain
1 people found this helpful
Excellent! Omega-3s maintain joint health, prevent osteoporosis, relieve inflammation, and combat bone loss. They also help reduce joint pain and ease rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.
Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation modulates the osteoblast/osteoclast balance in inflammatory environments and protects against estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice.
We examined how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid, influences bone health, particularly in conditions like osteoporosis caused by inflammation and estrogen deficiency. Through tests on mouse stem cells and a specific inflammatory environment, we discovered that EPA can enhance the formation of bone-building cells while reducing the activity of bone-resorbing cells.
Additionally, in an ovariectomized mouse model, EPA effectively prevented bone loss, showing promise for tackling postmenopausal osteoporosis. This suggests that dietary supplementation with EPA could be beneficial in managing bone health, although further research is essential to confirm these effects in humans.
Read More
9
Omega-3 benefits in osteoporosis treatment
Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Phosphatidylcholine Exerted Superior Effects to Triglyceride in Ameliorating Obesity-Induced Osteoporosis through Up-Regulating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.
We explored the effects of different forms of omega-3 fish oil on obesity-induced osteoporosis in mice. The study showed that DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine (DHA-PC) had superior benefits compared to traditional DHA triglyceride (DHA-TG).
Over 120 days, DHA-PC significantly improved bone mineral density and increased new bone formation while reducing bone marrow fat more effectively than DHA-TG. This indicates that DHA-PC not only supports bone health but also encourages beneficial cell differentiation in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Read More
9
Omega-3 oil boosts bone health
The opposite effects of Antarctic krill oil and arachidonic acid-rich oil on bone resorption in ovariectomized mice.
We explored how different types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect bone health. Mice with postmenopausal osteoporosis were treated with Antarctic krill oil (rich in omega-3 PUFAs) or arachidonic acid-rich oil (rich in omega-6 PUFAs) over a 120-day period.
Our findings revealed that Antarctic krill oil improved bone density and strength, while arachidonic acid-rich oil worsened these conditions. This study highlights the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids for osteoporosis, suggesting that diet can play a crucial role in bone health.
Read More
9
Omega-3 fish oil benefits bones
The effects of dietary fatty acids on bone, hematopoietic marrow and marrow adipose tissue in a murine model of senile osteoporosis.
We delved into how omega-3 fatty acids, particularly from fish oil, impact bone health in aging mice suffering from osteoporosis. Through a study involving several dietary groups, we found that those on a fish oil diet had significant improvements in bone mass and lower levels of marrow adipose tissue compared to controls.
While we noted positive changes in bone density, the hematopoietic bone marrow remained stable across all groups. This suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may help counteract some age-related bone loss by reducing harmful fat tissue in the marrow.
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9
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Benefits Bone Health
Positive correlation between erythrocyte levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and bone mass in postmenopausal Korean women with osteoporosis.
We explored the relationship between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and osteoporosis risk in postmenopausal Korean women. Our study involved fifty women diagnosed with osteoporosis and a control group of one hundred women without the condition. By measuring erythrocyte levels of EPA and examining fish intake, we aimed to see how they correlate with bone mass and the risk of osteoporosis.
The results were promising. We found that higher levels of EPA, as well as other n-3 fatty acids, were positively associated with better bone density, particularly in the femoral neck region. This suggests that incorporating more fish and EPA into the diet may help improve bone health, particularly for women who are postmenopausal and at risk for osteoporosis.
Notably, the findings revealed that while saturated fatty acids negatively impacted bone health, EPA and its companion docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) appeared to protect against osteoporosis. This gives us encouraging insights into how dietary choices can play a significant role in managing bone health.
Overall, our findings highlight the potential benefits of increasing n-3 fatty acid intake, especially EPA, to help reduce osteoporosis risk among postmenopausal women. The connection suggests that a simple dietary change could positively influence bone mass and health.
Good omega-3s support joint health and help prevent osteoporosis. The fatty acids relieve inflammation and combat bone loss. I recommend this product.
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7.5
Excellent support
2 people found this helpful
Excellent omega-3 supports joint health, prevents osteoporosis, and fatty acids alleviate inflammation and bone loss.
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7.5
Relieves joint pain
1 people found this helpful
Excellent! Omega-3s maintain joint health, prevent osteoporosis, relieve inflammation, and combat bone loss. They also help reduce joint pain and ease rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.
Read More
9
Similar to others
Omega-3 fatty acids prevent osteoporosis, maintain joint health, and lessen pain during flare-ups. They combat bone loss and relieve inflammation, helping with rheumatoid arthritis and cartilage issues.
Read More
9
Eases arthritic symptoms
Omega-3s support joint health, prevent osteoporosis, and the fatty acids reduce inflammation and combat bone loss. They also alleviate joint pain and slow down cartilage deterioration in arthrosis.
Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures. This condition occurs when the body loses too much bone mass, doesn't make enough bone, or a combination of both. As bones lose density, they can break more easily, often as a result of minor falls or injury. Osteoporosis is often referred to as a "silent disease" because bone loss occurs without any symptoms until a fracture occurs, often in the hip, spine, or wrist.
Risk factors for developing osteoporosis include age, gender (it’s more common in women), family history, low body weight, and certain medical conditions and medications. Lifestyle choices such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a diet low in calcium and vitamin D can also contribute to bone loss. Regular weight-bearing exercise, ensuring adequate nutrition, and, in some cases, medications can help prevent or manage osteoporosis. If you believe you may be at risk, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate screening and intervention options.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
While research on the effects of Omega-3 fish oil on osteoporosis is still emerging, some studies suggest that Omega-3 fatty acids may play a beneficial role in bone health. Omega-3s, particularly DHA and EPA, have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce bone loss, potentially providing protection against osteoporosis. Some preliminary studies indicate that these fatty acids may enhance calcium absorption and stimulate bone formation, which is crucial for maintaining bone density.
However, it's important to note that Omega-3 fish oil should not be considered a standalone treatment for osteoporosis. A balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, along with other lifestyle factors such as weight-bearing exercises, are critical components of osteoporosis management. If you're considering adding Omega-3 fish oil to your routine for bone health, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and to explore a comprehensive approach to osteoporosis prevention and treatment.
Based on user reviews, the timeframe to see results from taking omega-3 supplements for osteoporosis appears to vary among individuals. Many users emphasize the importance of consistent daily intake of omega-3s to help combat bone loss and alleviate inflammation associated with osteoporosis, but specific timelines for noticeable results are often not specified. Some users mention improvements in joint health and reduction in inflammation, which may contribute to better overall outcomes related to osteoporosis but do not provide exact durations Read Review.
While some users report feeling benefits like reduced joint pain and inflammation relatively quickly, it's important to note that individual experiences can differ significantly. For the best results, adhering to a recommended daily dosage and maintaining a holistic approach to health, including diet and lifestyle changes, is crucial. This suggests that while users are confident in the effectiveness of omega-3s for supporting bone health, the time it takes to see tangible results may depend on personal health factors and consistency in use Read Review.
Emerging evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may hold promise in supporting bone health, particularly in populations at risk for osteoporosis. Research involving postmenopausal women indicates that higher intakes of these fatty acids correlate with improved bone mineral density (BMD) and potentially reduced bone turnover markers. For example, one study found that EPA supplementation resulted in reduced levels of bone resorption markers, suggesting a beneficial role in managing osteoporosis-related bone loss [18]. Additionally, another study showed that DHA supplementation could help mitigate the effects of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone breakdown, by inhibiting their formation and activity [34].
Furthermore, various animal studies have demonstrated that both EPA and DHA can enhance bone density and structure through different biological mechanisms, including promoting the differentiation of bone-forming cells and reducing inflammation linked to bone loss [2][5]. While the current findings are promising, it's essential to highlight that much of the available research involves animal models or small groups of humans, underscoring the need for larger clinical trials to better understand the potential benefits of omega-3 supplementation for osteoporosis treatment specifically. Overall, these studies support the notion that omega-3 fatty acids could be an effective dietary approach in maintaining bone health and managing osteoporosis.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report experiencing significant improvements in their symptoms after incorporating omega-3 supplements into their routine. Common themes emerge, with users noting that these fatty acids not only help prevent osteoporosis but also maintain joint health and alleviate inflammation. For instance, one user mentioned that omega-3s help reduce joint pain and combat bone loss, recommending the product for its overall impact on joint health Read Review. Another stated that the fatty acids support these benefits while also easing symptoms associated with rheumatoid arthritis Read Review.
Additionally, several users highlighted the effectiveness of omega-3s in reducing pain during flare-ups and in slowing cartilage degradation related to arthritis, further emphasizing their role in joint and bone health Read Review. While a majority of users agree on the benefits of a consistent intake of omega-3s, it's important to recognize that individual results can vary based on personal health factors and lifestyle choices. As such, while omega-3 supplements appear beneficial for many, the timing and extent of symptom improvement may differ from person to person Read Review.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported positive experiences when combining omega-3 supplements with other products for managing osteoporosis. Users consistently highlight that omega-3 fatty acids not only help prevent osteoporosis but also support joint health, alleviate inflammation, and combat bone loss. For example, one user noted that the fatty acids reduce joint pain and ease rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, showcasing their multifaceted benefits Read Review. Another user emphasized the important role of daily omega-3 intake in maintaining overall bone health, further suggesting an integrative approach to treating osteoporosis Read Review.
Moreover, several reviews conveyed the effectiveness of omega-3s in reducing pain during flare-ups, indicating that they work well in conjunction with other treatments for arthritis and cartilage issues Read Review. This highlights a commonly shared understanding among users that omega-3 supplements can complement traditional osteoporosis treatments, enriching a comprehensive health regimen designed to improve joint and bone health. However, while users appreciate these combined effects, they also note that individual results can vary significantly based on personal health conditions and other supplements taken Read Review.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report that omega-3 fish oil can support joint health and help prevent osteoporosis. Users specifically mention that the fatty acids in fish oil can relieve inflammation and combat bone loss, which are critical factors in maintaining bone density and overall bone health. One user highlighted that "daily omega-3 intake is vital for treating osteoporosis" Read Review. Additionally, several reviews indicate that these omega-3s alleviate joint pain and ease symptoms associated with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, further emphasizing their benefits for joint and bone health.
7.5
Blocks bone loss
EPA and DHA in fish oil help block processes that lead to bone loss and reduce inflammation, relieving joint pain. Daily omega-3 intake is vital for treating osteoporosis.
7.5
Combat bone loss
Helpful omega-3s prevent osteoporosis, maintain joint health, and alleviate pain during flare-ups. They combat bone loss and relieve inflammation, easing rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.
7.5
Supports joint health
2 people found this helpful
Good omega-3s support joint health and help prevent osteoporosis. The fatty acids relieve inflammation and combat bone loss. I recommend this product.
7.5
Relieves joint pain
1 people found this helpful
Excellent! Omega-3s maintain joint health, prevent osteoporosis, relieve inflammation, and combat bone loss. They also help reduce joint pain and ease rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.
9
Joint health improvement
Wonderful! The products are of very high quality. Omega-3 fatty acids help combat osteoporosis by maintaining joint health and alleviating pain during flare-ups. They also reduce inflammation, slow the degradation of articular cartilage in arthrosis, and lessen symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
9
Similar to others
Omega-3 fatty acids prevent osteoporosis, maintain joint health, and lessen pain during flare-ups. They combat bone loss and relieve inflammation, helping with rheumatoid arthritis and cartilage issues.
7
Eicosapentaenoic acid and osteoporosis
Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on bone health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
We examined the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), part of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), on bone health specifically in relation to osteoporosis. Our analysis included data from 12 randomized controlled trials, focusing on how EPA might enhance bone mineral density and affect key bone metabolism markers.
The findings revealed that while there was a slight positive effect on bone mineral density overall, it was postmenopausal women who showed the most notable improvement. Our analysis indicated that eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation could decrease bone resorption markers, showing a decrease in levels of CTX, a marker for bone loss, in those who received n-3 PUFAs.
However, when it came to other markers of bone formation, such as bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, we found no significant changes attributable to EPA alone. This suggests while EPA may offer some benefits for bone density, it does not significantly enhance bone formation markers.
Ultimately, we can conclude that while eicosapentaenoic acid shows promise in supporting bone health, especially among specific populations like postmenopausal women, the overall benefits require further investigation to fully understand its role in osteoporosis treatment.
9
DHA's beneficial effects on bones
Effects of Soy Phytoestrogens and New Zealand Functional Foods on Bone Health.
We began our exploration by examining how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), commonly found in fish oil, influences osteoporosis, particularly in ovariectomised (OVX) rats. This study revealed that DHA plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health by inhibiting the formation of osteoclasts, which are the cells responsible for bone loss. We noted significant interaction effects when DHA was combined with soy isoflavones, further enhancing its beneficial impact on bone integrity.
Our investigation did not stop at cell models; we extended our research by including animal studies, specifically using OVX rats and various mouse models. After feeding these subjects green kiwifruit for several weeks, we observed a reduction in the rate of bone loss. Notably, we discovered that kiwifruit consumption lowered levels of important markers linked to bone degradation, such as C-telopeptide of Type 1 collagen and RANKL expression. In addition, our human studies indicated promising effects, with menopausal women experiencing improved blood lipids and positive changes in bone health markers after consuming kiwifruit.
Overall, our findings suggest that DHA, particularly in combination with other natural components like those found in kiwifruit, can play a significant role in supporting bone health. This research highlights the potential benefits of incorporating these nutrients into our diets to combat osteoporosis effectively.
9
EPA helps balance bone health
Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation modulates the osteoblast/osteoclast balance in inflammatory environments and protects against estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice.
We examined how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid, influences bone health, particularly in conditions like osteoporosis caused by inflammation and estrogen deficiency. Through tests on mouse stem cells and a specific inflammatory environment, we discovered that EPA can enhance the formation of bone-building cells while reducing the activity of bone-resorbing cells.
Additionally, in an ovariectomized mouse model, EPA effectively prevented bone loss, showing promise for tackling postmenopausal osteoporosis. This suggests that dietary supplementation with EPA could be beneficial in managing bone health, although further research is essential to confirm these effects in humans.
8
Omega-3 improves bone health
N-3 PUFA ameliorated bone loss induced by postmenopausal depression following exposure to chronic mild stress and maternal separation by regulating neuronal processes.
We examined how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could counteract bone loss caused by stress and depression in a study involving rats.
The research showed that providing omega-3 PUFA throughout an animal's life improved bone mass and structure while reducing stress hormones linked to bone loss.
Interestingly, while omega-3 PUFA helped the brain's response to stress, it had limited effects during the early developmental stages. Overall, these results suggest that a consistent supply of omega-3 can offer significant benefits for bone health in the context of chronic stress.
References
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Yue H, Bo Y, Tian Y, Mao L, Xue C, et al. Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Phosphatidylcholine Exerted Superior Effects to Triglyceride in Ameliorating Obesity-Induced Osteoporosis through Up-Regulating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. J Agric Food Chem. 2022;70:13904. 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06081
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Abou-Saleh H, Ouhtit A, Halade GV, Rahman MM. Bone Benefits of Fish Oil Supplementation Depend on its EPA and DHA Content. Nutrients. 2019;11. 10.3390/nu11112701
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Chen TY, Zhang ZM, Zheng XC, Wang L, Huang MJ, et al. Endogenous n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) mitigate ovariectomy-induced bone loss by attenuating bone marrow adipogenesis in FAT1 transgenic mice. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2013;7:545. 10.2147/DDDT.S45263
Casado-Díaz A, Santiago-Mora R, Dorado G, Quesada-Gómez JM. The omega-6 arachidonic fatty acid, but not the omega-3 fatty acids, inhibits osteoblastogenesis and induces adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells: potential implication in osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24:1647. 10.1007/s00198-012-2138-z
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Lavado-García J, Roncero-Martin R, Moran JM, Pedrera-Canal M, Aliaga I, et al. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary intake is positively associated with bone mineral density in normal and osteopenic Spanish women. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0190539. 10.1371/journal.pone.0190539
Dong H, Hutchins-Wiese H, Kleppinger A, Annis K, Liva E, et al. Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Bone Turnover in Older Women. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2014;84:124. 10.1024/0300-9831/a000199
Erfanian A, Mirhosseini H, Rasti B, Hair-Bejo M, Bin Mustafa S, et al. Absorption and Bioavailability of Nano-Size Reduced Calcium Citrate Fortified Milk Powder in Ovariectomized and Ovariectomized-Osteoporosis Rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2015;63:5795. 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01468
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Moon HJ, Kim TH, Byun DW, Park Y. Positive correlation between erythrocyte levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and bone mass in postmenopausal Korean women with osteoporosis. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012;60:146. 10.1159/000337302
Lappe J, Kunz I, Bendik I, Prudence K, Weber P, et al. Effect of a combination of genistein, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins D3 and K1 on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study. Eur J Nutr. 2013;52:203.
Farina EK, Kiel DP, Roubenoff R, Schaefer EJ, Cupples LA, et al. Protective effects of fish intake and interactive effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes on hip bone mineral density in older adults: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93:1142. 10.3945/ajcn.110.005926
Bonnet N, Ferrari SL. Effects of long-term supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on longitudinal changes in bone mass and microstructure in mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2011;22:665. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.05.006
Sun L, Tamaki H, Ishimaru T, Teruya T, Ohta Y, et al. Inhibition of osteoporosis due to restricted food intake by the fish oils DHA and EPA and perilla oil in the rat. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2004;68:2613.
Shao L, Luo S, Zhao Z. Lipid metabolites are associated with the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Sci Rep. 2024;14:19245. 10.1038/s41598-024-69594-y
Li L, Wen Y, Liu D, Lan JP, Yang B. Causal link between docosahexaenoic acid and osteoporosis: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024;103:e38893. 10.1097/MD.0000000000038893
Cifuentes-Mendiola SE, Moreno-Fierros L, González-Alva P, García-Hernández AL. Docosahexaenoic acid improves altered mineralization proteins, the decreased quality of hydroxyapatite crystals and suppresses oxidative stress induced by high glucose. Exp Ther Med. 2022;23:235. 10.3892/etm.2022.11160
Fang-Jie W, Ting W, Fang-Mei L, Chuan-Xiang Z, Shao L. [Study on anti-osteoporosis effect of Eucommiae Cortex based on GC-MS metabonomics]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020;45:5555. 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200624.202
Kasonga AE, Kruger MC, Coetzee M. Free fatty acid receptor 4-β-arrestin 2 pathway mediates the effects of different classes of unsaturated fatty acids in osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2019;1864:281. 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.12.009
Kim HJ, Ohk B, Yoon HJ, Kang WY, Seong SJ, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid signaling attenuates the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow-derived osteoclast precursors and promotes apoptosis in mature osteoclasts. Cell Signal. 2017;29:226. 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.11.007
Kruger MC, Tousen Y, Katsumata S, Tadaishi M, Kasonga AE, et al. Effects of Soy Phytoestrogens and New Zealand Functional Foods on Bone Health. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2015;61 Suppl:S142. 10.3177/jnsv.61.S142
Akiyama M, Nakahama K, Morita I. Impact of docosahexaenoic acid on gene expression during osteoclastogenesis in vitro--a comprehensive analysis. Nutrients. 2013;5:3151. 10.3390/nu5083151