Can NOW Supplements Ultra Omega 3-Dâ„¢ Help with Osteoporosis?
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 16 Researches
7.8
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 7 Reviews
8.5
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Fish Softgel
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
15
Total Fat
1.5 g
2%**
Cholesterol
<5 mg
1%
Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol) (from Lanolin)
25 mcg (1,000 IU)
125%
Fish Oil Concentrate
1.2 g (1,200 mg)
†
Omega-3 Fatty Acids:
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)
600 mg
†
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)
300 mg
†
Top Medical Research Studies
9
EPA helps balance bone health
Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation modulates the osteoblast/osteoclast balance in inflammatory environments and protects against estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice.
We examined how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid, influences bone health, particularly in conditions like osteoporosis caused by inflammation and estrogen deficiency. Through tests on mouse stem cells and a specific inflammatory environment, we discovered that EPA can enhance the formation of bone-building cells while reducing the activity of bone-resorbing cells.
Additionally, in an ovariectomized mouse model, EPA effectively prevented bone loss, showing promise for tackling postmenopausal osteoporosis. This suggests that dietary supplementation with EPA could be beneficial in managing bone health, although further research is essential to confirm these effects in humans.
Read More
9
Omega-3 oil boosts bone health
The opposite effects of Antarctic krill oil and arachidonic acid-rich oil on bone resorption in ovariectomized mice.
We explored how different types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect bone health. Mice with postmenopausal osteoporosis were treated with Antarctic krill oil (rich in omega-3 PUFAs) or arachidonic acid-rich oil (rich in omega-6 PUFAs) over a 120-day period.
Our findings revealed that Antarctic krill oil improved bone density and strength, while arachidonic acid-rich oil worsened these conditions. This study highlights the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids for osteoporosis, suggesting that diet can play a crucial role in bone health.
Read More
9
Omega-3 fish oil benefits bones
The effects of dietary fatty acids on bone, hematopoietic marrow and marrow adipose tissue in a murine model of senile osteoporosis.
We delved into how omega-3 fatty acids, particularly from fish oil, impact bone health in aging mice suffering from osteoporosis. Through a study involving several dietary groups, we found that those on a fish oil diet had significant improvements in bone mass and lower levels of marrow adipose tissue compared to controls.
While we noted positive changes in bone density, the hematopoietic bone marrow remained stable across all groups. This suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may help counteract some age-related bone loss by reducing harmful fat tissue in the marrow.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Joint pain relief
Excellent! Omega-3 fatty acids prevent the development of Osteoporosis, maintain healthy joints, and alleviate pain during exacerbations. They combat bone loss, reduce inflammation, and help mitigate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis while slowing the destruction of articular cartilage in arthrosis.
Read More
9
Pain reduction
Omega-3 fatty acids help prevent Osteoporosis, maintain healthy joints, and relieve pain during exacerbations. They combat bone loss, reduce inflammation, and alleviate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, slowing the destruction of articular cartilage in arthrosis.
Read More
9
Inflammation reduction
It has been proven that fish oil prevents the development of Osteoporosis. EPA and DHA in fish oil block cellular processes associated with bone loss and reduce inflammation. Daily Omega-3 intake alleviates joint pain and serves as a vital source of vitamin D, essential for treating Osteoporosis.
Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation modulates the osteoblast/osteoclast balance in inflammatory environments and protects against estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice.
We examined how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid, influences bone health, particularly in conditions like osteoporosis caused by inflammation and estrogen deficiency. Through tests on mouse stem cells and a specific inflammatory environment, we discovered that EPA can enhance the formation of bone-building cells while reducing the activity of bone-resorbing cells.
Additionally, in an ovariectomized mouse model, EPA effectively prevented bone loss, showing promise for tackling postmenopausal osteoporosis. This suggests that dietary supplementation with EPA could be beneficial in managing bone health, although further research is essential to confirm these effects in humans.
Read More
9
Omega-3 benefits in osteoporosis treatment
Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Phosphatidylcholine Exerted Superior Effects to Triglyceride in Ameliorating Obesity-Induced Osteoporosis through Up-Regulating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.
We explored the effects of different forms of omega-3 fish oil on obesity-induced osteoporosis in mice. The study showed that DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine (DHA-PC) had superior benefits compared to traditional DHA triglyceride (DHA-TG).
Over 120 days, DHA-PC significantly improved bone mineral density and increased new bone formation while reducing bone marrow fat more effectively than DHA-TG. This indicates that DHA-PC not only supports bone health but also encourages beneficial cell differentiation in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Read More
9
Omega-3 oil boosts bone health
The opposite effects of Antarctic krill oil and arachidonic acid-rich oil on bone resorption in ovariectomized mice.
We explored how different types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect bone health. Mice with postmenopausal osteoporosis were treated with Antarctic krill oil (rich in omega-3 PUFAs) or arachidonic acid-rich oil (rich in omega-6 PUFAs) over a 120-day period.
Our findings revealed that Antarctic krill oil improved bone density and strength, while arachidonic acid-rich oil worsened these conditions. This study highlights the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids for osteoporosis, suggesting that diet can play a crucial role in bone health.
Read More
9
Omega-3 fish oil benefits bones
The effects of dietary fatty acids on bone, hematopoietic marrow and marrow adipose tissue in a murine model of senile osteoporosis.
We delved into how omega-3 fatty acids, particularly from fish oil, impact bone health in aging mice suffering from osteoporosis. Through a study involving several dietary groups, we found that those on a fish oil diet had significant improvements in bone mass and lower levels of marrow adipose tissue compared to controls.
While we noted positive changes in bone density, the hematopoietic bone marrow remained stable across all groups. This suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may help counteract some age-related bone loss by reducing harmful fat tissue in the marrow.
Read More
8
Omega-3 improves bone health
N-3 PUFA ameliorated bone loss induced by postmenopausal depression following exposure to chronic mild stress and maternal separation by regulating neuronal processes.
We examined how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could counteract bone loss caused by stress and depression in a study involving rats.
The research showed that providing omega-3 PUFA throughout an animal's life improved bone mass and structure while reducing stress hormones linked to bone loss.
Interestingly, while omega-3 PUFA helped the brain's response to stress, it had limited effects during the early developmental stages. Overall, these results suggest that a consistent supply of omega-3 can offer significant benefits for bone health in the context of chronic stress.
Excellent! Omega-3 fatty acids prevent the development of Osteoporosis, maintain healthy joints, and alleviate pain during exacerbations. They combat bone loss, reduce inflammation, and help mitigate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis while slowing the destruction of articular cartilage in arthrosis.
Read More
9
Pain reduction
Omega-3 fatty acids help prevent Osteoporosis, maintain healthy joints, and relieve pain during exacerbations. They combat bone loss, reduce inflammation, and alleviate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, slowing the destruction of articular cartilage in arthrosis.
Read More
9
Inflammation reduction
It has been proven that fish oil prevents the development of Osteoporosis. EPA and DHA in fish oil block cellular processes associated with bone loss and reduce inflammation. Daily Omega-3 intake alleviates joint pain and serves as a vital source of vitamin D, essential for treating Osteoporosis.
Read More
9
Joint mobility improvement
Fish oil has been shown to prevent Osteoporosis. The EPA and DHA in it block processes that lead to bone loss and inflammation. Daily intake of Omega-3 fatty acids alleviates joint pain and maintains vitamin D levels, crucial for calcium metabolism and the development and prevention of Osteoporosis.
Read More
9
Prevents rickets
Omega-3 acids help remove excess "bad" cholesterol from blood vessels, preventing cholesterol plaques. Vitamin D, included in this formulation, aids calcium and phosphorus absorption, important for preventing Osteoporosis. In children, it prevents rickets, while in adults, it protects against Osteoporosis and aids fracture healing.
Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures. This condition occurs when the body loses too much bone mass, doesn't make enough bone, or a combination of both. As bones lose density, they can break more easily, often as a result of minor falls or injury. Osteoporosis is often referred to as a "silent disease" because bone loss occurs without any symptoms until a fracture occurs, often in the hip, spine, or wrist.
Risk factors for developing osteoporosis include age, gender (it’s more common in women), family history, low body weight, and certain medical conditions and medications. Lifestyle choices such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a diet low in calcium and vitamin D can also contribute to bone loss. Regular weight-bearing exercise, ensuring adequate nutrition, and, in some cases, medications can help prevent or manage osteoporosis. If you believe you may be at risk, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate screening and intervention options.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
While research on the effects of Omega-3 fish oil on osteoporosis is still emerging, some studies suggest that Omega-3 fatty acids may play a beneficial role in bone health. Omega-3s, particularly DHA and EPA, have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce bone loss, potentially providing protection against osteoporosis. Some preliminary studies indicate that these fatty acids may enhance calcium absorption and stimulate bone formation, which is crucial for maintaining bone density.
However, it's important to note that Omega-3 fish oil should not be considered a standalone treatment for osteoporosis. A balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, along with other lifestyle factors such as weight-bearing exercises, are critical components of osteoporosis management. If you're considering adding Omega-3 fish oil to your routine for bone health, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and to explore a comprehensive approach to osteoporosis prevention and treatment.
Based on user reviews, the time it takes to see results from taking Omega-3 supplements for Osteoporosis can vary. Many users report beneficial effects such as reduced joint pain and improvements in mobility shortly after they start their regimen, indicating that some results may be felt within weeks of daily intake, though specific time frames are not frequently detailed in the reviews. For instance, users mention maintaining bone health and relieving joint pain shortly after starting their Omega-3 supplementation routines Read ReviewRead Review.
However, the overall prevention of Osteoporosis and significant changes in bone density may take longer, as they often require consistent use of the supplement over months to see substantial improvement. While some reviews emphasize the importance of Omega-3 fatty acids in combating bone loss and maintaining overall bone health, they do not specify an exact timeline for these changes to occur Read ReviewRead Review. Therefore, users should consider regular intake alongside a healthy lifestyle for optimal results.
The use of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly from fish oil, shows promising support in scientific research regarding osteoporosis. Various studies indicate that omega-3s can enhance bone health through several mechanisms, including balancing bone cell activity, increasing bone formation, and lowering bone resorption. For example, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been shown to prevent bone loss in animal models of postmenopausal osteoporosis ([2]), while docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) appears to significantly improve bone density and structure ([8]). Regular supplementation of these fatty acids may also correlate with a reduction in fracture risk, particularly in individuals with genetic predispositions to such injuries ([7]).
Moreover, omega-3 fatty acids seem to facilitate favorable changes in bone mass and density in various populations, including postmenopausal women, with the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids being a critical factor for optimal bone health ([4]). Although the majority of this research has been conducted in animal models, preliminary human studies suggest that omega-3 supplementation holds potential benefits for individuals at risk of osteoporosis. However, further research is essential to confirm these benefits in human subjects and understand the optimal dietary formulations to maximize skeletal health ([12]). Overall, while there is encouraging evidence supporting the role of omega-3 fatty acids in combating osteoporosis, it is important for consumers to seek products that use these specific compounds effectively.
Users report significant improvements in their symptoms after incorporating Omega-3 fatty acids into their routines. Many emphasize that these supplements not only help prevent the development of Osteoporosis but also maintain healthy joints and reduce pain exacerbation. For instance, one user noted the alleviation of joint pain and the slowing of cartilage destruction, which suggests that Omega-3s can be a vital addition for those facing debilitating joint conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and arthrosis Read ReviewRead Review.
Additionally, users have highlighted the anti-inflammatory benefits of Omega-3s, which contribute to reducing bone loss and improving overall joint health. Several reviews specifically mention that daily intake of these fatty acids alleviates joint pain, thus enhancing mobility and quality of life Read ReviewRead Review. While anecdotal, these experiences point to Omega-3s as a worthwhile consideration for those seeking to manage Osteoporosis and related joint issues.
Users report positive experiences when combining Omega-3 supplements with other vitamin-rich formulations to address Osteoporosis. Specifically, several reviews highlight the importance of vitamin D alongside Omega-3 fatty acids, noting that this combination supports calcium metabolism and overall bone health. One user emphasized that the inclusion of vitamin D in their Omega-3 supplementation aids in calcium and phosphorus absorption, crucial for preventing Osteoporosis and assisting in fracture healing Read Review. Furthermore, it has been noted that Omega-3 fatty acids themselves help reduce inflammation and combat bone loss, which enhances the overall efficacy of a supplement regimen designed for Osteoporosis treatment Read Review.
Additionally, users suggest that this combination not only helps prevent the onset of Osteoporosis but also alleviates related symptoms, such as joint pain associated with arthritis. Reviews consistently indicate that taking Omega-3 fatty acids effectively minimizes pain during exacerbations and slow down the destruction of articular cartilage in conditions like arthrosis Read Review. This synergy between Omega-3s and other supportive nutrients demonstrates its potential benefits for individuals managing Osteoporosis.
Based on user reviews, Omega-3 fish oil is frequently praised for its beneficial effects on osteoporosis prevention and overall bone health. Reviews indicate that daily intake of Omega-3 fatty acids, specifically EPA and DHA, is crucial in combating bone loss and inflammation associated with osteoporosis. Users emphasize that these fatty acids not only help maintain healthy joints but also alleviate joint pain, which is a significant concern for many individuals dealing with osteoporosis and related conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. For instance, one user noted that their family takes one capsule daily, which has contributed positively to their health, reflecting a common recommendation for consistent daily use Read Review.
While specific dosage recommendations were not detailed in the reviews, the emphasis on daily consumption strongly suggests that incorporating Omega-3s into one's diet is beneficial. Multiple reviewers highlighted their effectiveness in improving calcium absorption and enhancing vitamin D levels, both of which are critical for bone health and osteoporosis management Read Review. Therefore, for those considering Omega-3 fish oil for osteoporosis, a daily regimen could contribute significantly to bone health and symptom relief.
7.5
Strengthens bones
The NOW Foods Ultra Omega 3-D formula maintains bone health and enhances heart function. Omega-3 fatty acids provide essential benefits, including reducing the risk of Osteoporosis by improving calcium absorption. They relieve joint pain, improve mobility, and support overall health.
7.5
Family health boost
Omega-3s support joint health and prevent Osteoporosis while fatty acids reduce inflammation and bone loss. They alleviate joint pain, help with rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, and slow the deterioration of articular cartilage. My family takes one capsule daily, and it’s been great!
9
Inflammation reduction
It has been proven that fish oil prevents the development of Osteoporosis. EPA and DHA in fish oil block cellular processes associated with bone loss and reduce inflammation. Daily Omega-3 intake alleviates joint pain and serves as a vital source of vitamin D, essential for treating Osteoporosis.
9
Joint mobility improvement
Fish oil has been shown to prevent Osteoporosis. The EPA and DHA in it block processes that lead to bone loss and inflammation. Daily intake of Omega-3 fatty acids alleviates joint pain and maintains vitamin D levels, crucial for calcium metabolism and the development and prevention of Osteoporosis.
9
Joint pain relief
Excellent! Omega-3 fatty acids prevent the development of Osteoporosis, maintain healthy joints, and alleviate pain during exacerbations. They combat bone loss, reduce inflammation, and help mitigate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis while slowing the destruction of articular cartilage in arthrosis.
9
Pain reduction
Omega-3 fatty acids help prevent Osteoporosis, maintain healthy joints, and relieve pain during exacerbations. They combat bone loss, reduce inflammation, and alleviate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, slowing the destruction of articular cartilage in arthrosis.
9
Prevents rickets
Omega-3 acids help remove excess "bad" cholesterol from blood vessels, preventing cholesterol plaques. Vitamin D, included in this formulation, aids calcium and phosphorus absorption, important for preventing Osteoporosis. In children, it prevents rickets, while in adults, it protects against Osteoporosis and aids fracture healing.
9
EPA helps balance bone health
Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation modulates the osteoblast/osteoclast balance in inflammatory environments and protects against estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice.
We examined how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid, influences bone health, particularly in conditions like osteoporosis caused by inflammation and estrogen deficiency. Through tests on mouse stem cells and a specific inflammatory environment, we discovered that EPA can enhance the formation of bone-building cells while reducing the activity of bone-resorbing cells.
Additionally, in an ovariectomized mouse model, EPA effectively prevented bone loss, showing promise for tackling postmenopausal osteoporosis. This suggests that dietary supplementation with EPA could be beneficial in managing bone health, although further research is essential to confirm these effects in humans.
8
Omega-3 effects on osteoporosis investigated
Comparative study of DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine and EPA-enriched phosphatidylcholine on ameliorating high bone turnover regulation of the osteogenesis-related Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ovariectomized mice.
We explored how DHA and EPA, two types of omega-3 fatty acids, impact osteoporosis in mice. In our study, both DHA-enriched and EPA-enriched phosphatidylcholine improved the structure of bones and boosted bone density. These compounds also seemed to help by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is involved in bone formation.
While the results are promising in animal models, we note that further research is needed to fully understand their potential benefits for treating osteoporosis in humans.
8
Fish oil linked to lower fractures
Habitual use of fish oil supplements, genetic predisposition, and risk of fractures: a large population-based study.
We explored how regular fish oil supplement use might influence fracture risks in a large group of over 492,000 participants. After following individuals for about 8 years, we found that those who took fish oil regularly had a lower risk of both new and recurring fractures.
This effect was especially significant for people with a higher genetic risk for fractures. Although fish oil seems to offer some protection, we should note that not everyone experienced the same benefits.
7
Omega-3s may support bone health
Associations of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women.
Looking into the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on osteoporosis, we found that the right balance of these healthy fats may benefit bone density in postmenopausal women.
While the overall link was not strong, women with a lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 showed better results in bone mineral density.
Specifically, higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids were connected to decreased bone loss, suggesting that these nutrients could play a helpful role in maintaining bone health.
7
Omega-3s may impact bone turnover
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis.
We systematically reviewed the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women by analyzing data from randomized controlled trials.
While we found that omega-3 supplementation led to a decrease in serum osteocalcin, which is a marker associated with bone turnover, other markers like bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I C-telopeptide showed no significant changes.
This indicates a potential benefit, but further well-designed studies are needed to understand the effects on overall bone health and density.
References
Del Brutto OH, Mera RM, Rumbea DA, Arias EE, Guzmán EJ, et al. On the association between dietary oily fish intake and bone mineral density in frequent fish consumers of Amerindian ancestry. The three villages study. Arch Osteoporos. 2024;19:31. doi:10.1007/s11657-024-01391-6
Wang Z, Wu J, Li L, Wang K, Wu X, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation modulates the osteoblast/osteoclast balance in inflammatory environments and protects against estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice. Clin Nutr. 2023;42:1715. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.022
Yue H, Bo Y, Tian Y, Mao L, Xue C, et al. Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Phosphatidylcholine Exerted Superior Effects to Triglyceride in Ameliorating Obesity-Induced Osteoporosis through Up-Regulating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. J Agric Food Chem. 2022;70:13904. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06081
Feehan O, Magee PJ, Pourshahidi LK, Armstrong DJ, Slevin MM, et al. Associations of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62:95. doi:10.1007/s00394-022-02933-9
Choi JE, Hong Y, Heo J, Park Y. N-3 PUFA ameliorated bone loss induced by postmenopausal depression following exposure to chronic mild stress and maternal separation by regulating neuronal processes. J Nutr Biochem. 2022;100:108909. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108909
Zhang T, Tian Y, Wang Q, Fu M, Xue C, et al. Comparative Study of DHA with Different Molecular Forms for Ameliorating Osteoporosis by Promoting Chondrocyte-to-Osteoblast Transdifferentiation in the Growth Plate of Ovariectomized Mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2021;69:10562. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03228
Mei Z, Chen GC, Hu J, Lin C, Sun Z, et al. Habitual use of fish oil supplements, genetic predisposition, and risk of fractures: a large population-based study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;114:945. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab157
Fu M, Tian Y, Zhang T, Zhan Q, Zhang L, et al. Comparative study of DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine and EPA-enriched phosphatidylcholine on ameliorating high bone turnover regulation of the osteogenesis-related Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ovariectomized mice. Food Funct. 2020;11:10094. doi:10.1039/d0fo01563f
Zhan Q, Tian Y, Han L, Wang K, Wang J, et al. The opposite effects of Antarctic krill oil and arachidonic acid-rich oil on bone resorption in ovariectomized mice. Food Funct. 2020;11:7048. doi:10.1039/d0fo00884b
Abou-Saleh H, Ouhtit A, Halade GV, Rahman MM. Bone Benefits of Fish Oil Supplementation Depend on its EPA and DHA Content. Nutrients. 2019;11. doi:10.3390/nu11112701
Bani Hassan E, Alderghaffar M, Wauquier F, Coxam V, Demontiero O, et al. The effects of dietary fatty acids on bone, hematopoietic marrow and marrow adipose tissue in a murine model of senile osteoporosis. Aging (Albany NY). 2019;11:7938. doi:10.18632/aging.102299
Shen D, Zhang X, Li Z, Bai H, Chen L. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis. Climacteric. 2017;20:522. doi:10.1080/13697137.2017.1384952
Longo AB, Ward WE. Providing Flaxseed Oil but Not Menhaden Oil Protects against OVX Induced Bone Loss in the Mandible of Sprague-Dawley Rats. Nutrients. 2016;8. doi:10.3390/nu8100597
Jørgensen HS, Eide IA, Hartmann A, Åsberg A, Christensen JH, et al. Plasma n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Bone Mineral Density in Renal Transplant Recipients. J Ren Nutr. 2016;26:196. doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2015.11.007
Chen TY, Zhang ZM, Zheng XC, Wang L, Huang MJ, et al. Endogenous n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) mitigate ovariectomy-induced bone loss by attenuating bone marrow adipogenesis in FAT1 transgenic mice. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2013;7:545. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S45263
Casado-Díaz A, Santiago-Mora R, Dorado G, Quesada-Gómez JM. The omega-6 arachidonic fatty acid, but not the omega-3 fatty acids, inhibits osteoblastogenesis and induces adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells: potential implication in osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24:1647. doi:10.1007/s00198-012-2138-z