Herpes is a common viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which manifests mainly in two forms: HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 is typically associated with oral herpes, leading to cold sores around the mouth, while HSV-2 is primarily linked to genital herpes, resulting in sores in the genital and anal regions. Transmission occurs through direct contact with an infected person's sores, saliva, or other bodily fluids, and it's important to note that the virus can be spread even when symptoms are not present, a phenomenon known as asymptomatic shedding.
Once contracted, the herpes virus remains in the body for life, residing in nerve cells and potentially reactivating periodically to cause outbreaks. While there's no cure for herpes, antiviral medications can help manage symptoms, reduce the frequency of outbreaks, and lower the risk of transmission to partners. Individuals with herpes can lead healthy lives and can take preventative measures to minimize spreading the virus, such as practicing safe sex and communicating openly with partners about their condition.