Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 25 Researches
7.1
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 7 Reviews
8.3
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Softgel
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
15
Total Fat
1.5 g
2%**
Wild Caught Fish Oil Concentrate
1250 mg
†
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids as TG
1055 mg
†
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
690 mg
†
DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)
310 mg
†
Other Omega-3 Fatty Acids
55 mg
†
Top Medical Research Studies
9
We embarked on a quest to understand how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, can impact atherosclerosis, a condition where fatty deposits clog the arteries. Our focus was on a specially developed injectable formulation that delivers DHA directly to the site of arterial plaques.
Through our research, we discovered that this liposomal DHA formulation not only protects the compound but also enhances its effectiveness. When we administered it intravenously, DHA particles were specifically absorbed by macrophages—immune cells involved in the inflammation seen in atherosclerosis. This targeted delivery helps reduce inflammation and prevents the formation of foam cells, which are a hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques.
Furthermore, our analysis of the plaques revealed that the DHA treatment led to less macrophage infiltration and reduced lipid build-up, which improves overall plaque stability. In simpler terms, we observed that the treatment makes plaques less likely to rupture, which is critical in preventing serious cardiovascular problems. Additionally, sophisticated imaging techniques showed that DHA can help restore some of the healthy lipid profiles typical of earlier stages of plaque development.
In summary, using injectable DHA offers exciting potential for stabilizing arterial plaques and slowing down the progression of atherosclerosis. Given the importance of addressing this condition, our findings could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of heart-related issues.
Through our research, we discovered that this liposomal DHA formulation not only protects the compound but also enhances its effectiveness. When we administered it intravenously, DHA particles were specifically absorbed by macrophages—immune cells involved in the inflammation seen in atherosclerosis. This targeted delivery helps reduce inflammation and prevents the formation of foam cells, which are a hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques.
Furthermore, our analysis of the plaques revealed that the DHA treatment led to less macrophage infiltration and reduced lipid build-up, which improves overall plaque stability. In simpler terms, we observed that the treatment makes plaques less likely to rupture, which is critical in preventing serious cardiovascular problems. Additionally, sophisticated imaging techniques showed that DHA can help restore some of the healthy lipid profiles typical of earlier stages of plaque development.
In summary, using injectable DHA offers exciting potential for stabilizing arterial plaques and slowing down the progression of atherosclerosis. Given the importance of addressing this condition, our findings could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of heart-related issues.
Read More
8
We set out to understand how eicosapentaenoic acid (a type of omega-3 fatty acid) influences blood levels in individuals suffering from chronic atherosclerotic disease. This study synthesized findings from 25 articles, focusing on randomized controlled trials that investigated omega-3 supplementation specifically for this patient group.
Our exploration revealed that dosages between 1.8 grams and 3.4 grams per day, over a span of three to six months, were effective in elevating omega-3 levels to therapeutic targets. Higher doses, at 4.4 grams or more, showed similar benefits even with a shorter supplementation period, ranging from one to six months.
The evidence suggests that regular omega-3 supplementation could be crucial for individuals with atherosclerosis, potentially improving their health outcomes and lowering cardiac risks. Given the study’s findings, we advocate for reassessing dietary recommendations and considering higher daily intake allowances for omega-3s in these patients.
Our exploration revealed that dosages between 1.8 grams and 3.4 grams per day, over a span of three to six months, were effective in elevating omega-3 levels to therapeutic targets. Higher doses, at 4.4 grams or more, showed similar benefits even with a shorter supplementation period, ranging from one to six months.
The evidence suggests that regular omega-3 supplementation could be crucial for individuals with atherosclerosis, potentially improving their health outcomes and lowering cardiac risks. Given the study’s findings, we advocate for reassessing dietary recommendations and considering higher daily intake allowances for omega-3s in these patients.
Read More
8
We investigated how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid found in fish oil, influences the metabolism of fats within our cells and its potential role in fighting arteriosclerosis. Our focus was on understanding DHA's effects on lipid droplets, which store fat, and macrophage transformations into foam cells—processes that contribute to the buildup of plaque in arteries.
Through advanced imaging techniques that allowed us to monitor lipid metabolism in real-time, we observed that DHA stood out among other omega-3 fatty acids. It actively promoted lipolysis, which is the breakdown of fats stored in lipid droplets. Remarkably, we noted a significant reduction in overall fat content, down by about 50%. This reduction also helped prevent the transformation of macrophages into foam cells, a critical step in the development of atherosclerosis.
Interestingly, we found that eicosapentaenoic acid (another omega-3 present in fish oil) seemed to counteract the positive effects of DHA on fat breakdown and foam cell prevention. Thus, while DHA demonstrates a promising ability to support cardiovascular health by impacting intracellular fat metabolism and reducing inflammation, further research is needed to validate these findings in live models.
Through advanced imaging techniques that allowed us to monitor lipid metabolism in real-time, we observed that DHA stood out among other omega-3 fatty acids. It actively promoted lipolysis, which is the breakdown of fats stored in lipid droplets. Remarkably, we noted a significant reduction in overall fat content, down by about 50%. This reduction also helped prevent the transformation of macrophages into foam cells, a critical step in the development of atherosclerosis.
Interestingly, we found that eicosapentaenoic acid (another omega-3 present in fish oil) seemed to counteract the positive effects of DHA on fat breakdown and foam cell prevention. Thus, while DHA demonstrates a promising ability to support cardiovascular health by impacting intracellular fat metabolism and reducing inflammation, further research is needed to validate these findings in live models.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Lowered triglyceride levels
4 people found this helpful
I began taking Omega 3 due to its reputation for lowering blood triglycerides and decreasing the risk of arteriosclerosis and heart disease. After three and a half months, my triglycerides decreased from 96 to 67 mg/dl. My HDL dropped from 71 to 65 mg/dl, and my LDL went from 132 to 121 mg/dl. I don’t consume much fish, so I attribute these improvements to the supplement.
Read More
7.5
Support for heart health
The benefits of fish oil make the body feel the following: 1. Cardiovascular health • Lower triglyceride levels • Decrease the risk of arteriosclerosis • Lessen high blood pressure 2. Brain and cognitive function • Enhance memory and concentration • Slow down age-related cognitive degeneration • May lower the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia 3. Anti-inflammatory effect • Alleviate chronic inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis • Boost immune system function 4. Vision and eye health • Prevent dry eye syndrome • Diminish Macular Degeneration Risk 5. Mood and Mental Health • Relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Read More
7.5
Beneficial for heart
Omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil, particularly EPA and DHA, are advantageous for the heart and blood vessels. They assist in lowering blood lipids, lessening the risk of arteriosclerosis, and maintaining normal heart function.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 25 Researches
7.1
- All Researches
9
We explored how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, affects arteriosclerosis, specifically by examining its active metabolite, 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EEQ). Our investigation revealed that 17,18-EEQ has the power to inhibit inflammation and endothelial activation, which are key factors in the development of atherosclerosis.
We found that this metabolite works through its interaction with a specific receptor, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), in endothelial cells. In our study, when using male mice that lacked S1PR1, the protective effects of both 17,18-EEQ and purified EPA were noticeably absent. This emphasizes the importance of S1PR1 in mediating the benefits of EPA.
Mechanistically, we discovered that 17,18-EEQ promotes the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which is vital for maintaining healthy blood vessels. This activation relies on a signaling pathway involving calcium release. We also noted that a prescription drug containing purified EPA, called Vascepa, exhibited cardiovascular benefits through this 17,18-EEQ-S1PR1 pathway.
Collectively, our findings highlight the potential of EPA and its metabolites as valuable tools in combating atherosclerosis, which could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving cardiovascular health.
We found that this metabolite works through its interaction with a specific receptor, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), in endothelial cells. In our study, when using male mice that lacked S1PR1, the protective effects of both 17,18-EEQ and purified EPA were noticeably absent. This emphasizes the importance of S1PR1 in mediating the benefits of EPA.
Mechanistically, we discovered that 17,18-EEQ promotes the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which is vital for maintaining healthy blood vessels. This activation relies on a signaling pathway involving calcium release. We also noted that a prescription drug containing purified EPA, called Vascepa, exhibited cardiovascular benefits through this 17,18-EEQ-S1PR1 pathway.
Collectively, our findings highlight the potential of EPA and its metabolites as valuable tools in combating atherosclerosis, which could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving cardiovascular health.
Read More
9
Icosapent ethyl improves heart function
We explored the effects of Icosapent ethyl (IPE) on coronary physiology, particularly in the context of arteriosclerosis. This investigation was part of a larger trial known as EVAPORATE, which had previously shown that IPE significantly reduced plaque buildup in patients already on statin therapy. Our study utilized advanced imaging techniques through coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) to evaluate the changes in blood flow and artery function after treatment with IPE compared to a placebo.
With 47 patients and 507 coronary lesions assessed at various intervals over 18 months, we measured the fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) in the most diseased artery of each participant. Interestingly, while the initial FFRCT values were similar between those receiving IPE and placebo, significant improvements were noted at the 9- and 18-month follow-ups for the IPE group.
These findings indicate that Icosapent ethyl not only reduces plaque but also improves coronary blood flow over time. Such benefits lend credence to the findings from the REDUCE-IT trial, where IPE was associated with lower ischemic events, including heart attacks. Our investigation paves the way for understanding the underlying mechanisms of IPE’s positive effects on heart health.
With 47 patients and 507 coronary lesions assessed at various intervals over 18 months, we measured the fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) in the most diseased artery of each participant. Interestingly, while the initial FFRCT values were similar between those receiving IPE and placebo, significant improvements were noted at the 9- and 18-month follow-ups for the IPE group.
These findings indicate that Icosapent ethyl not only reduces plaque but also improves coronary blood flow over time. Such benefits lend credence to the findings from the REDUCE-IT trial, where IPE was associated with lower ischemic events, including heart attacks. Our investigation paves the way for understanding the underlying mechanisms of IPE’s positive effects on heart health.
Read More
9
We embarked on a quest to understand how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, can impact atherosclerosis, a condition where fatty deposits clog the arteries. Our focus was on a specially developed injectable formulation that delivers DHA directly to the site of arterial plaques.
Through our research, we discovered that this liposomal DHA formulation not only protects the compound but also enhances its effectiveness. When we administered it intravenously, DHA particles were specifically absorbed by macrophages—immune cells involved in the inflammation seen in atherosclerosis. This targeted delivery helps reduce inflammation and prevents the formation of foam cells, which are a hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques.
Furthermore, our analysis of the plaques revealed that the DHA treatment led to less macrophage infiltration and reduced lipid build-up, which improves overall plaque stability. In simpler terms, we observed that the treatment makes plaques less likely to rupture, which is critical in preventing serious cardiovascular problems. Additionally, sophisticated imaging techniques showed that DHA can help restore some of the healthy lipid profiles typical of earlier stages of plaque development.
In summary, using injectable DHA offers exciting potential for stabilizing arterial plaques and slowing down the progression of atherosclerosis. Given the importance of addressing this condition, our findings could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of heart-related issues.
Through our research, we discovered that this liposomal DHA formulation not only protects the compound but also enhances its effectiveness. When we administered it intravenously, DHA particles were specifically absorbed by macrophages—immune cells involved in the inflammation seen in atherosclerosis. This targeted delivery helps reduce inflammation and prevents the formation of foam cells, which are a hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques.
Furthermore, our analysis of the plaques revealed that the DHA treatment led to less macrophage infiltration and reduced lipid build-up, which improves overall plaque stability. In simpler terms, we observed that the treatment makes plaques less likely to rupture, which is critical in preventing serious cardiovascular problems. Additionally, sophisticated imaging techniques showed that DHA can help restore some of the healthy lipid profiles typical of earlier stages of plaque development.
In summary, using injectable DHA offers exciting potential for stabilizing arterial plaques and slowing down the progression of atherosclerosis. Given the importance of addressing this condition, our findings could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of heart-related issues.
Read More
8
Icosapent ethyl reduces cardiovascular events
We aimed to explore the impact of icosapent ethyl on major cardiovascular events, particularly in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In a robust trial involving nearly 6,000 participants, we carefully monitored the effects of this treatment over a median duration of 4.8 years.
Icosapent ethyl, a form of omega-3 fatty acid, demonstrated a significant reduction in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including non-fatal heart attacks and strokes. Our findings highlighted that the treatment was beneficial across different levels of baseline cardiovascular risk.
We observed that patients at the highest risk experienced the most considerable absolute benefits, making the treatment particularly valuable for them. Although the absolute risk reduction increased with higher baseline risk, it consistently showed efficacy for all participants suffering from elevated triglycerides.
In conclusion, our study suggests that icosapent ethyl is an effective option for reducing cardiovascular risks in patients dealing with atherosclerosis, regardless of their initial risk level.
Icosapent ethyl, a form of omega-3 fatty acid, demonstrated a significant reduction in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including non-fatal heart attacks and strokes. Our findings highlighted that the treatment was beneficial across different levels of baseline cardiovascular risk.
We observed that patients at the highest risk experienced the most considerable absolute benefits, making the treatment particularly valuable for them. Although the absolute risk reduction increased with higher baseline risk, it consistently showed efficacy for all participants suffering from elevated triglycerides.
In conclusion, our study suggests that icosapent ethyl is an effective option for reducing cardiovascular risks in patients dealing with atherosclerosis, regardless of their initial risk level.
Read More
8
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids plaque regression
We analyzed how eicosapentaenoic acid, along with docosahexaenoic acid, influences the progression of coronary fatty plaque in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Over a period of 30 months, 240 participants were divided into two groups; one received a daily supplement of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, while the other received no treatment. This setup allowed us to compare the effects on plaque regression and cardiac events between both groups.
Our findings revealed that participants who experienced a reduction in triglyceride levels—averaging a 14.9% decrease—also showed a notable regression of fatty plaque. Moreover, patients who saw plaque regression enjoyed significantly fewer cardiac events compared to those whose plaque progressed, with 5% reporting events against 22.3% in the other group.
We identified key predictors for plaque regression, which included having a systolic blood pressure below 125 mm Hg and a non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level below 2.59 mmol/L. Interestingly, normotensive patients (those with normal blood pressure) benefitted more from the treatment, seeing both a reduction in plaque and inflammation compared to those with hypertension, who showed no significant changes.
Overall, our study sheds light on how eicosapentaenoic acid may contribute to improved heart health, particularly among individuals with specific blood pressure and cholesterol levels. It opens the door for further research on how managing inflammation could enhance plaque regression in patients with coronary artery disease.
Our findings revealed that participants who experienced a reduction in triglyceride levels—averaging a 14.9% decrease—also showed a notable regression of fatty plaque. Moreover, patients who saw plaque regression enjoyed significantly fewer cardiac events compared to those whose plaque progressed, with 5% reporting events against 22.3% in the other group.
We identified key predictors for plaque regression, which included having a systolic blood pressure below 125 mm Hg and a non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level below 2.59 mmol/L. Interestingly, normotensive patients (those with normal blood pressure) benefitted more from the treatment, seeing both a reduction in plaque and inflammation compared to those with hypertension, who showed no significant changes.
Overall, our study sheds light on how eicosapentaenoic acid may contribute to improved heart health, particularly among individuals with specific blood pressure and cholesterol levels. It opens the door for further research on how managing inflammation could enhance plaque regression in patients with coronary artery disease.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 7 Reviews
8.3
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Lowered triglyceride levels
4 people found this helpful
I began taking Omega 3 due to its reputation for lowering blood triglycerides and decreasing the risk of arteriosclerosis and heart disease. After three and a half months, my triglycerides decreased from 96 to 67 mg/dl. My HDL dropped from 71 to 65 mg/dl, and my LDL went from 132 to 121 mg/dl. I don’t consume much fish, so I attribute these improvements to the supplement.
Read More
7.5
Support for heart health
The benefits of fish oil make the body feel the following: 1. Cardiovascular health • Lower triglyceride levels • Decrease the risk of arteriosclerosis • Lessen high blood pressure 2. Brain and cognitive function • Enhance memory and concentration • Slow down age-related cognitive degeneration • May lower the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia 3. Anti-inflammatory effect • Alleviate chronic inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis • Boost immune system function 4. Vision and eye health • Prevent dry eye syndrome • Diminish Macular Degeneration Risk 5. Mood and Mental Health • Relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Read More
7.5
Beneficial for heart
Omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil, particularly EPA and DHA, are advantageous for the heart and blood vessels. They assist in lowering blood lipids, lessening the risk of arteriosclerosis, and maintaining normal heart function.
Read More
7.5
Slight improvement noted
1 people found this helpful
My family has issues with hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis, so I provided him with fish oil, and it has improved slightly.
Read More
9
Prevents blood clots
Fish oil contains omega-3 fatty acids in triple concentration. It is very effective as a blood clot preventer, for arteriosclerosis, and contributes to a healthy heart and nervous system.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
9
Lowered triglyceride levels
4 people found this helpful
I began taking Omega 3 due to its reputation for lowering blood triglycerides and decreasing the risk of arteriosclerosis and heart disease. After three and a half months, my triglycerides decreased from 96 to 67 mg/dl. My HDL dropped from 71 to 65 mg/dl, and my LDL went from 132 to 121 mg/dl. I don’t consume much fish, so I attribute these improvements to the supplement.
7.5
Beneficial for heart
Omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil, particularly EPA and DHA, are advantageous for the heart and blood vessels. They assist in lowering blood lipids, lessening the risk of arteriosclerosis, and maintaining normal heart function.
9
Promotes cardiovascular health
The subsequent synthesis of Omega-3 in the human body aids the cardiovascular, immune, central nervous, and reproductive systems. It promotes lipid metabolism, lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, reduces arteriosclerosis and high blood pressure, and prevents cardiovascular diseases and strokes. Additionally, it inhibits platelet action, thinning the blood, making it easier to flow and reducing thrombus formation.
7.5
Support for heart health
The benefits of fish oil make the body feel the following: 1. Cardiovascular health • Lower triglyceride levels • Decrease the risk of arteriosclerosis • Lessen high blood pressure 2. Brain and cognitive function • Enhance memory and concentration • Slow down age-related cognitive degeneration • May lower the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia 3. Anti-inflammatory effect • Alleviate chronic inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis • Boost immune system function 4. Vision and eye health • Prevent dry eye syndrome • Diminish Macular Degeneration Risk 5. Mood and Mental Health • Relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety.
7.5
Slight improvement noted
1 people found this helpful
My family has issues with hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis, so I provided him with fish oil, and it has improved slightly.
8
We explored the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on cardiovascular health and its potential implications for arteriosclerosis. A significant study, known as REDUCE-IT, focused on patients with high triglyceride levels and assessed the impact of EPA on ischemic events and cardiovascular mortality.
The findings revealed that treatment with EPA, specifically icosapent ethyl, led to a remarkable 25% reduction in ischemic events and cardiovascular deaths. However, while these results indicate a benefit, there's still no clear evidence to suggest that the direct effects of EPA can help improve arteriosclerosis independently from lowering triglycerides.
Essentially, we observed that although EPA shows promise for enhancing cardiovascular outcomes, it hasn't definitively been shown to reduce the development of arteriosclerosis on its own. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between EPA and the progression of this condition.
The findings revealed that treatment with EPA, specifically icosapent ethyl, led to a remarkable 25% reduction in ischemic events and cardiovascular deaths. However, while these results indicate a benefit, there's still no clear evidence to suggest that the direct effects of EPA can help improve arteriosclerosis independently from lowering triglycerides.
Essentially, we observed that although EPA shows promise for enhancing cardiovascular outcomes, it hasn't definitively been shown to reduce the development of arteriosclerosis on its own. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between EPA and the progression of this condition.
7
We explored the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on arteriosclerosis, focusing on how this omega-3 fatty acid may help combat inflammation within the arteries. The study pointed out that while cardiovascular outcome trials have shown mixed results for omega-3 fatty acids, EPA has exhibited a beneficial effect that increases with dosage.
One of the critical mechanisms identified was EPA's conversion into resolvin E1 (RvE1), a molecule that helps to resolve inflammation. This is significant because reducing inflammation in the arteries can play a vital role in preventing atherosclerosis. By activating the ChemR23 receptor, RvE1 helps to decrease immune responses that contribute to artery hardening.
Additionally, we noticed that an intermediate product of EPA, called 18-HEPE, serves as an important biomarker for those looking into the metabolism of EPA toward beneficial anti-inflammatory outcomes. Genetic differences among individuals could influence their response to EPA, which implies that personalized medicine might be the future for those considering EPA or fish oil supplements.
In conclusion, the research suggests that EPA's activation of the RvE1-ChemR23 pathway can contribute favorably to cardiovascular health by resolving inflammation linked to arteriosclerosis.
One of the critical mechanisms identified was EPA's conversion into resolvin E1 (RvE1), a molecule that helps to resolve inflammation. This is significant because reducing inflammation in the arteries can play a vital role in preventing atherosclerosis. By activating the ChemR23 receptor, RvE1 helps to decrease immune responses that contribute to artery hardening.
Additionally, we noticed that an intermediate product of EPA, called 18-HEPE, serves as an important biomarker for those looking into the metabolism of EPA toward beneficial anti-inflammatory outcomes. Genetic differences among individuals could influence their response to EPA, which implies that personalized medicine might be the future for those considering EPA or fish oil supplements.
In conclusion, the research suggests that EPA's activation of the RvE1-ChemR23 pathway can contribute favorably to cardiovascular health by resolving inflammation linked to arteriosclerosis.
4
Eicosapentaenoic acid shows limited benefits
We conducted a study to see how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) impacts epicardial adipose tissue volume (EATV) and its relationship with arteriosclerosis in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). The research involved 139 subjects already on statins, who were either given a daily dose of 3.36 grams of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or received no supplement for 30 months.
Our findings revealed that although EPA+DHA supplementation resulted in a notable reduction in triglyceride levels, there was no significant decrease in EATV when compared to those who did not receive the supplement. Interestingly, we observed that waist circumference was the primary factor influencing EATV levels, suggesting that managing weight might be more crucial than supplementation for reducing heart-related issues.
Furthermore, we found that individuals with higher EATV measurements tended to have more coronary fatty plaque. This highlights the connection between body weight and cardiovascular health, as having a larger waist circumference predicted an increase in EATV after 30 months. In conclusion, while EPA+DHA can lower triglycerides, it didn’t directly affect EATV in our study, underscoring the importance of maintaining a healthy weight to potentially reduce the risk of arteriosclerosis and associated heart events.
Our findings revealed that although EPA+DHA supplementation resulted in a notable reduction in triglyceride levels, there was no significant decrease in EATV when compared to those who did not receive the supplement. Interestingly, we observed that waist circumference was the primary factor influencing EATV levels, suggesting that managing weight might be more crucial than supplementation for reducing heart-related issues.
Furthermore, we found that individuals with higher EATV measurements tended to have more coronary fatty plaque. This highlights the connection between body weight and cardiovascular health, as having a larger waist circumference predicted an increase in EATV after 30 months. In conclusion, while EPA+DHA can lower triglycerides, it didn’t directly affect EATV in our study, underscoring the importance of maintaining a healthy weight to potentially reduce the risk of arteriosclerosis and associated heart events.
5
In a recent trial designed to assess the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on cardiovascular health, we explored its benefits among patients with stable coronary artery disease who were already receiving statin treatment. This study included nearly 4,000 participants, focusing on those with a low EPA to arachidonic acid (AA) ratio, which suggests a potential risk for cardiovascular issues.
Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 1,800 mg of EPA daily or a control treatment, while closely monitoring their heart health over an average of five years. Our primary goal was to measure serious cardiovascular events, including heart attacks and strokes, which can significantly affect one's quality of life.
Despite the promise of EPA, we found that it did not significantly reduce the overall risk of cardiovascular events among the participants. However, there was a notable decrease in secondary heart-related events, indicating some potential benefits of EPA treatment. It's important to mention that while adverse effects were similar between the groups, those taking EPA experienced a higher rate of new-onset atrial fibrillation, which warrants further investigation.
Overall, although the trial suggests some benefits regarding coronary health, the primary outcomes did not reach statistical significance, which means we must approach the findings with caution when considering EPA as a supplement for heart disease prevention.
Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 1,800 mg of EPA daily or a control treatment, while closely monitoring their heart health over an average of five years. Our primary goal was to measure serious cardiovascular events, including heart attacks and strokes, which can significantly affect one's quality of life.
Despite the promise of EPA, we found that it did not significantly reduce the overall risk of cardiovascular events among the participants. However, there was a notable decrease in secondary heart-related events, indicating some potential benefits of EPA treatment. It's important to mention that while adverse effects were similar between the groups, those taking EPA experienced a higher rate of new-onset atrial fibrillation, which warrants further investigation.
Overall, although the trial suggests some benefits regarding coronary health, the primary outcomes did not reach statistical significance, which means we must approach the findings with caution when considering EPA as a supplement for heart disease prevention.
References
- Amangurbanova M, Daher R, Asbeutah AA, Vemuri B, Mirza H, et al. Higher epicardial adipose tissue volume is associated with higher coronary fatty plaque volume and is regulated by waist circumference but not EPA+DHA supplementation. J Clin Lipidol. 2024;18:e773. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2024.06.006
- Zhou T, Cheng J, He S, Zhang C, Gao MX, et al. The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 mediates the atheroprotective effect of eicosapentaenoic acid. Nat Metab. 2024;6:1566. doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01070-3
- Miyauchi K, Iwata H, Nishizaki Y, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Secondary Prevention Efficacy of Combination Therapy-Statin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (RESPECT-EPA). Circulation. 2024;150:425. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065520
- Burger PM, Bhatt DL, Dorresteijn JAN, Koudstaal S, Mosterd A, et al. Effects of icosapent ethyl according to baseline residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from REDUCE-IT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2024;10:488. doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae030
- Bakbak E, Krishnaraj A, Bhatt DL, Quan A, Park B, et al. Icosapent ethyl modulates circulating vascular regenerative cell content: The IPE-PREVENTION CardioLink-14 trial. Med. 2024;5:718. doi:10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.009
- Holtrop J, Bhatt DL, Ray KK, Mach F, Smulders YM, et al. Impact of the 2021 European Society for Cardiology prevention guideline's stepwise approach for cardiovascular risk factor treatment in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024;31:754. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae038
- Hariri E, Asbeutah AA, Malik A, Amangurbanova M, Chedid G, et al. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and coronary artery calcium progression in patients with coronary artery disease: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Atherosclerosis. 2023;387:117388. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117388
- Michaeloudes C, Christodoulides S, Christodoulou P, Kyriakou TC, Patrikios I, et al. Variability in the Clinical Effects of the Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids DHA and EPA in Cardiovascular Disease-Possible Causes and Future Considerations. Nutrients. 2023;15. doi:10.3390/nu15224830
- Molaie M, Lotfi R, Heidari Moghadam R, Rezaiemanesh A, Karaji AG, et al. Imbalanced serum levels of resolvin E1 (RvE1) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2023;169:106781. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106781
- Welty FK, Hariri E, Asbeutah AA, Daher R, Amangurbanova M, et al. Regression of Coronary Fatty Plaque and Risk of Cardiac Events According to Blood Pressure Status: Data From a Randomized Trial of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023;12:e030071. doi:10.1161/JAHA.123.030071
- Ward NC, Ying Q, Chan DC, Pang J, Mori TA, et al. Improved arterial inflammation with high dose omega-3 fatty acids in patients with elevated lipoprotein(a): Selective effect of eicosapentaenoic acid?. J Clin Lipidol. 2023;17:694. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2023.08.004
- Di Costanzo A, Indolfi C, Sorrentino S, Esposito G, Spaccarotella CAM. The Effects of Statins, Ezetimibe, PCSK9-Inhibitors, Inclisiran, and Icosapent Ethyl on Platelet Function. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24. doi:10.3390/ijms241411739
- Drexel H, Tamargo J, Kaski JC, Lewis BS, Saely CH, et al. Triglycerides revisited: is hypertriglyceridaemia a necessary therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease?. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2023;9:570. doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvad044
- Bäck M. Icosapent ethyl in cardiovascular prevention: Resolution of inflammation through the eicosapentaenoic acid - resolvin E1 - ChemR23 axis. Pharmacol Ther. 2023;247:108439. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108439
- Rabbat MG, Lakshmanan S, Benjamin MM, Doros G, Kinninger A, et al. Benefit of icosapent ethyl on coronary physiology assessed by computed tomography angiography fractional flow reserve: EVAPORATE-FFRCT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;24:866. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jead063
- Nayda NC, Thomas JM, Delaney CL, Miller MD. The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on blood levels of omega-3s in people with chronic atherosclerotic disease: a systematic review. Nutr Rev. 2023;81:1447. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuad020
- Wang Y, Yang B, Wang C. The association between fatty acids and atherosclerotic diseases: A mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024;63:447. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.018
- Asbeutah AA, Daher R, Malik A, Hariri E, Alfaddagh A, et al. The Effect of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Coronary Artery Calcium Progression in Subjects With Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial. Am J Cardiol. 2024;225:98. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.06.001
- Tang H, Liu Z, Han G, Geng J, Liu B, et al. Unexpected omega-3 activities in intracellular lipolysis and macrophage foaming revealed by fluorescence lifetime imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024;121:e2321255121. doi:10.1073/pnas.2321255121
- Chong SY, Wang X, van Bloois L, Huang C, Syeda NS, et al. Injectable liposomal docosahexaenoic acid alleviates atherosclerosis progression and enhances plaque stability. J Control Release. 2023;360:344. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.035
- Bork CS, Lundbye-Christensen S, Venø SK, Lasota AN, Tjønneland A, et al. Intake of marine and plant-derived n-3 fatty acids and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62:1389. doi:10.1007/s00394-022-03081-w
- Alfaddagh A, Kapoor K, Dardari ZA, Bhatt DL, Budoff MJ, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids, subclinical atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular events: Implications for primary prevention. Atherosclerosis. 2022;353:11. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.1018
- Motoyama S, Nagahara Y, Sarai M, Kawai H, Miyajima K, et al. Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Coronary Plaque Morphology - A Serial Computed Tomography Angiography Study. Circ J. 2022;86:831. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-21-0615
- Liu QK. Triglyceride-lowering and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk reduction. J Clin Lipidol. 2021;15:556. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2021.05.007
- Perazza LR, Mitchell PL, Lizotte F, Jensen BAH, St-Pierre P, et al. Fish oil replacement prevents, while docosahexaenoic acid-derived protectin DX mitigates end-stage-renal-disease in atherosclerotic diabetic mice. FASEB J. 2021;35:e21559. doi:10.1096/fj.202100073R
