We examined the impact of omega-3 fatty acids, often found in fish oil, on heart attack risks, particularly in patients with high triglyceride levels. The studies indicate that while omega-3s can effectively lower triglycerides and reduce certain cardiovascular disease outcomes, including fatal heart attacks, their overall benefit remains debated. Despite extensive research demonstrating some positive outcomes, many experts still question the magnitude of their effects on heart attack prevention. Improved guidance on omega-3 supplementation is still evolving as new evidence emerges.
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9
DHA aids post-heart attack recovery
The polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA, ameliorate myocardial infarction-induced heart failure by inhibiting p300-HAT activity in rats.
We explored the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on heart attack recovery in rats. The study aimed to understand how DHA, alongside eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), can influence heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI).
Using several groups of rats experiencing moderate heart issues, we evaluated how these omega-3 fatty acids impacted heart function. We found that both DHA and EPA effectively curtailed the hypertrophic response in heart cells. This response is a significant factor in heart failure, where heart tissue thickens and hardens.
Notably, both DHA and EPA inhibited the activity of a histone acetyltransferase called p300. This activity is linked to molecular changes that promote heart cell enlargement and fibrosis. In our analysis, we observed that these fatty acids not only preserved cardiac function but also prevented structural changes common after a heart attack.
Overall, we noted that DHA had a comparable protective effect to EPA, significantly improving heart health and reducing fibrosis in the heart tissue. As such, the findings suggest that incorporating DHA could be a heart-friendly choice post-heart attack.
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8
Omega-3 reduces heart attack risk
Optimal Pair Matching Combined with Machine Learning Predicts a Significant Reduction in Myocardial Infarction Risk in African Americans Following Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation.
We explored the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on heart attack risk, focusing on African Americans. In a study analyzing data from the VITAL trial, we matched African American participants with non-Hispanic White individuals to simulate a randomized controlled trial.
Surprisingly, our findings indicated that omega-3 supplementation significantly decreased heart attack risk in African Americans but showed no benefit for non-Hispanic Whites. This highlights the importance of addressing racial differences in how individuals respond to omega-3 fish oil, urging further research in this area.
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Most Useful Reviews
6
Supports heart function
118 people found this helpful
Jarrow Omega-3 offers highly refined omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil, promoting heart and brain health, as well as joint health. I recommend it highly; I take it regularly.
Read More
8
Memory improvement
3 people found this helpful
This Omega-3 option is beneficial. EPA helps skin, while DHA improves brain cells. I look for over 500 mg of Omega-3 per capsule. The dosage in this Omega is 600 mg, and it has improved my overall health and memory.
Read More
9
Cardiologist avoidance
1 people found this helpful
Since I began taking Omega-3, I haven't needed to see the cardiologist. Combined with vitamin D3, it’s my favourite product for heart health. The pills are well-dosed, ensuring great quality.
We examined the impact of omega-3 fatty acids, often found in fish oil, on heart attack risks, particularly in patients with high triglyceride levels. The studies indicate that while omega-3s can effectively lower triglycerides and reduce certain cardiovascular disease outcomes, including fatal heart attacks, their overall benefit remains debated. Despite extensive research demonstrating some positive outcomes, many experts still question the magnitude of their effects on heart attack prevention. Improved guidance on omega-3 supplementation is still evolving as new evidence emerges.
Read More
9
Omega-3 benefits for smokers' heart health
Potential effects of icosapent ethyl on cardiovascular outcomes in cigarette smokers: REDUCE-IT smoking.
We explored whether icosapent ethyl (IPE), a refined omega-3 fatty acid, could lower heart attack risk among cigarette smokers. In the REDUCE-IT trial, over 8,000 statin-treated patients were randomly assigned to receive either IPE or a placebo for nearly five years.
Our findings showed that IPE significantly reduced cardiovascular events by 25%, especially for current and former smokers. Participants using IPE experienced heart attack rates similar to non-smokers, suggesting that IPE may help lessen cardiovascular risks associated with smoking.
Read More
9
Omega-3s reduce heart attack risk
A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events.
We examined the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on the risk of heart attacks through a comprehensive analysis of the VITAL trial. This significant study included nearly 26,000 older adults in the U.S. who were monitored over an average of 5.3 years.
The original trial didn't find significant results for major cardiovascular events overall, but our Bayesian analysis suggested a different insight. By incorporating previous research and evidence, we discovered that daily supplementation with EPA appears to notably lower the risk of coronary heart disease events, particularly heart attacks.
However, the same beneficial effects did not extend to strokes or overall cardiovascular death, which means while we do see an encouraging trend for heart attacks, the evidence doesn't support a broad impact on other cardiovascular-related issues. Our findings help reinforce the value of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation as a preventive measure specifically for heart attacks.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids recovery
Elevated eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio and rapid coronary blood flow restoration in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
We explored the role of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in heart attack recovery, particularly its effect on restoring blood flow during ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Our focus was on understanding whether higher levels of EPA relative to arachidonic acid could lead to faster recovery and better outcomes for patients experiencing this type of heart attack.
The study revealed that patients with elevated EPA levels indeed showed quicker restoration of coronary blood flow. This is promising, as efficient blood flow restoration is critical in minimizing heart damage during a heart attack. However, it’s essential to note that the effectiveness of EPA may vary based on other treatments the patients are receiving.
These findings suggest a positive link between EPA and heart attack recovery, but further investigation is necessary to determine the best approaches for integrating EPA into treatment protocols. Ultimately, while we observed encouraging results, the interplay between dietary interventions and other medical treatments warrants additional research.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids cardiac protection
A Cell Autonomous Free fatty acid receptor 4 - ChemR23 Signaling Cascade Protects Cardiac Myocytes from Ischemic Injury.
We explored how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its metabolites can protect heart cells during a heart attack, specifically focusing on a laboratory model for ischemic injury. Our investigation centered on a specific receptor found in heart cells, known as the Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (Ffar4).
In our experiments, cardiac myocytes, or heart cells, were exposed to a controlled environment mimicking conditions of reduced blood flow followed by reoxygenation, essentially simulating a heart attack scenario. Applying an Ffar4 agonist, TUG-891, along with EPA-derived components like 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) and resolvin E1 (RvE1), we observed a significant reduction in harmful reactive oxygen species and heart cell death.
Notably, blocking the ChemR23 receptor with a specific antagonist negated the protective effects we noted from these treatments. This finding highlights that Ffar4 and ChemR23 work together in heart cells to defend against the damage that occurs after ischemic injury.
Overall, our data reinforce the idea that eicosapentaenoic acid has beneficial roles in protecting heart cells from ischemia, meriting further exploration as a potential therapeutic in heart attack management.
Jarrow Omega-3 offers highly refined omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil, promoting heart and brain health, as well as joint health. I recommend it highly; I take it regularly.
Read More
8
Memory improvement
3 people found this helpful
This Omega-3 option is beneficial. EPA helps skin, while DHA improves brain cells. I look for over 500 mg of Omega-3 per capsule. The dosage in this Omega is 600 mg, and it has improved my overall health and memory.
Read More
9
Cardiologist avoidance
1 people found this helpful
Since I began taking Omega-3, I haven't needed to see the cardiologist. Combined with vitamin D3, it’s my favourite product for heart health. The pills are well-dosed, ensuring great quality.
Read More
9
Effective capsules
1 people found this helpful
I adore these EPA-DHA capsules from Jarrow Formulas! They lack a fishy aftertaste and significantly enhance my cardiovascular health and reduce inflammation. They're essential for heart health.
Read More
6
Necessary for health
80 people found this helpful
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for proper nutrition and health, participating in vital metabolic processes. This supplement provides a good dosage. I take two daily and feel great.
A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, often by a blood clot. This interruption can damage or destroy part of the heart muscle, leading to serious health complications or death if not treated promptly. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and lightheadedness. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Preventing a heart attack largely revolves around maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle. Regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, along with managing stress, can significantly lower the risk. Furthermore, understanding your personal risk factors and engaging with healthcare professionals for regular check-ups can be crucial in both prevention and early detection. If you suspect someone is having a heart attack, it's important to call emergency services immediately, as timely treatment is vital for survival and recovery.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
Omega-3 fish oil has been widely studied for its potential benefits in heart health, particularly in reducing the risk of heart disease and heart attacks. Research suggests that the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil can help decrease triglyceride levels, lower blood pressure, and reduce arterial plaque buildup—all factors that can contribute to heart problems. Several clinical trials and meta-analyses indicate that regular supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may lead to a lower risk of heart attack, especially for individuals with existing heart conditions or high-risk factors for heart disease.
However, it's essential to note that while omega-3 fish oil can be beneficial, it should not be viewed as a standalone treatment for heart issues. Those at risk for heart attacks should consider omega-3 supplementation as part of a comprehensive heart health strategy that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and appropriate medical care. If you're considering adding omega-3 fish oil to your regimen, consult with a healthcare professional to ensure it's suitable for your individual health needs.
Users report varying timelines for experiencing benefits from Omega-3 supplements aimed at heart health. Some individuals note observable improvements within a few weeks. For instance, one user indicated seeing skin improvements and heart benefits around the three-week mark after starting their regimen Read Review. Another reviewer mentioned feeling better overall after taking the supplement for two months Read Review.
On the other hand, some users highlight that consistent use over a longer duration, such as several months, is critical for maximizing benefits. One individual stated they had been taking their Omega-3 for over five years, emphasizing its significant contribution to their heart health Read Review. Similarly, another user emphasized that combined elements of their regimen, including Omega-3, contributed to stable health outcomes for their elderly mother monitored over an extended period Read Review. Overall, while some quick results can be reported, a more commonly observed timeline for those taking supplements for heart attack prevention appears to be several weeks to a few months.
Research supports the use of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and icosapent ethyl, for reducing the risk of heart attacks. Several studies, including the REDUCE-IT trial, demonstrated that patients taking icosapent ethyl experienced a reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, including heart attacks, which is significant even for patients with well-managed cholesterol levels ([1]). Additionally, another analysis indicated that daily supplementation with EPA notably lowers the risk of coronary heart disease events, suggesting that omega-3 fatty acids can provide protective benefits against heart complications ([17]).
Moreover, research indicates that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids could reduce inflammation and support heart health, particularly in patients recovering from heart attacks ([3]). Although the benefits may vary based on individual factors and further research is needed to clarify optimal dosages and specific therapeutic approaches, the existing evidence underscores a promising role for omega-3 supplements, like icosapent ethyl, in managing heart attack risks and improving cardiovascular outcomes.
Users report a variety of improvements in symptoms after taking Omega-3 supplements, particularly regarding heart health, memory, and overall wellness. Many individuals highlight significant benefits such as enhanced cardiovascular health, reduced heart-related symptoms including tingling and tachycardia Read Review. A user even noted that since starting these supplements, there has been no need to see a cardiologist Read Review. Additionally, users have reported positive effects on cognitive function, with improvements in memory observed after a month of usage Read Review.
Other anecdotal experiences suggest that consistent use over a longer period contributes to stability in heart health, with one user mentioning their elderly mother’s condition remained stable while reducing statins Read Review. Many also emphasize the quality of the product, noting no unpleasant tastes or smells, enhancing adherence to the regimen Read Review. Overall, while individual results can vary widely, the consensus among users is that Omega-3 supplements can significantly contribute to improved heart health, cognitive function, and even skin quality when incorporated into a daily routine.
Users report a positive experience when combining Omega-3 supplements with other dietary enhancements for managing heart health. One user highlighted that taking Omega-3 alongside vitamin D3 has been particularly beneficial for heart health, indicating that this combination has helped them so significantly that they no longer need to visit a cardiologist Read Review. Additionally, there are mentions of consistent use leading to noticeable improvements; for instance, a user who has been taking Omega-3 for over five years remarked on its significant contributions to their overall health Read Review.
Furthermore, anecdotal evidence suggests that users attribute their stable health outcomes and even reduced reliance on medications like statins to the combination of Omega-3 with other health-focused practices Read Review. This pattern of combining Omega-3 with other supplements and observing benefits in cholesterol levels, heart rhythm, and overall wellness seems echoed across various reviews, pointing towards its efficacy when integrated into a multifaceted health regimen Read Review.
Research indicates that the optimal dose of omega-3 fish oil, particularly in the form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), may be around 1.8 grams per day. This dosage has shown promise in several clinical studies in reducing the risk of heart attacks, especially among individuals with higher cardiovascular risk factors such as those undergoing statin therapy. One pivotal study, the REDUCE-IT trial, involved nearly 5,800 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and demonstrated that when patients were supplemented with icosapent ethyl—an EPA formulation—they experienced a significant reduction (by 28%) in major adverse cardiovascular events, including heart attacks, compared to a placebo group [4].
Moreover, in the VITAL trial, which included around 26,000 older adults, supplementation with omega-3 fish oil (including DHA and EPA) also suggested a benefit in preventing heart attacks, although the effects were more pronounced in certain demographic groups like African Americans [13]. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating EPA supplementation in heart health management, particularly for those at risk of cardiovascular events. Nonetheless, it is essential to consult healthcare providers before starting any new supplementation regimen to determine the most appropriate dosage based on individual health needs.
7.5
Skin improvement
1 people found this helpful
Jarrow Formula is a reputable brand. This Omega-3 is fantastic and lasts four months. I noticed skin improvement around three weeks in, along with heart benefits. I love the EPA-DHA blend and recommend it to everyone.
7.5
Heart condition improved
3 people found this helpful
Super quality with great ingredients. I take omega-3 due to infrequent fish consumption and have observed improvements in heart condition, hair quality, and cholesterol after two months.
9
Skin and heart health
1 people found this helpful
I have been consistently taking this Omega for over five years, which I consider significant. It benefits heart health and skin beauty, with a comfortable capsule taste that's easy to take without any aversion.
9
Aids heart function
2 people found this helpful
Each tablet contains 400mg of EPA, which supports anti-inflammatory processes and heart health. My elderly mother finds them easy to take. I monitor her condition alongside reducing statins, and her health remains stable.
9
Cardiologist avoidance
1 people found this helpful
Since I began taking Omega-3, I haven't needed to see the cardiologist. Combined with vitamin D3, it’s my favourite product for heart health. The pills are well-dosed, ensuring great quality.
7.5
Better memory
1 people found this helpful
I like it. It’s good for my heart and brain. After taking EPA-DHA for over a month, I've noticed my memory has improved.
7.5
Heart health benefits
1 people found this helpful
The second time I bought it, the quality is excellent. Most importantly, there is no unpleasant smell or fishy taste, and its benefits for the heart and triglycerides are well-known.
8
Health improvement
Good composition! It enhances my health, improves heart rhythm, and clears blood vessels. I feel better overall.
8
Omega-3 reduces heart attack risk
Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial.
We investigated whether icosapent ethyl is beneficial in reducing heart attack rates among patients with well-managed low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).
Analyzing data from the REDUCE-IT trial, we found that this treatment significantly lowered cardiovascular complications in statin-treated patients, regardless of their baseline LDL-C levels.
Specifically, it proved effective for those with optimal LDL-C control, showing that even patients with very low cholesterol can benefit from this omega-3 treatment in preventing serious heart events.
9
Omega-3s reduce heart attack risk
A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events.
We examined the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on the risk of heart attacks through a comprehensive analysis of the VITAL trial. This significant study included nearly 26,000 older adults in the U.S. who were monitored over an average of 5.3 years.
The original trial didn't find significant results for major cardiovascular events overall, but our Bayesian analysis suggested a different insight. By incorporating previous research and evidence, we discovered that daily supplementation with EPA appears to notably lower the risk of coronary heart disease events, particularly heart attacks.
However, the same beneficial effects did not extend to strokes or overall cardiovascular death, which means while we do see an encouraging trend for heart attacks, the evidence doesn't support a broad impact on other cardiovascular-related issues. Our findings help reinforce the value of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation as a preventive measure specifically for heart attacks.
7
Omega-3s lower inflammation marker hs-CRP
Omega-3 fatty acids effectively mitigate high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) biomarker of inflammation in acute myocardial infarction patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
We examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 60 participants, those taking omega-3s showed a significant drop in the inflammatory marker hs-CRP after 30 days.
While both groups saw reductions in hs-CRP, the omega-3 group experienced a greater decrease. However, most other health markers, including cholesterol and triglycerides, showed similar improvements between groups. Thus, while omega-3s may help reduce inflammation, their overall impact compared to a placebo wasn't significantly distinct.
8
Omega-3 improves heart attack outcomes
Effects of icosapent ethyl according to baseline residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from REDUCE-IT.
We observed that icosapent ethyl, a type of omega-3 fish oil, plays a significant role in reducing heart attack risk among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In a study involving almost 5,800 participants, those taking icosapent ethyl experienced lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to those on placebo.
The treatment showed effectiveness across all levels of cardiovascular risk, particularly benefiting those at higher risk. Overall, this suggests that incorporating icosapent ethyl could be an important option for managing heart attack risks.
8
Omega-3 fish oil findings mixed
Marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and prevention of cardiovascular disease: update on the randomized trial evidence.
We explored the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on preventing heart attacks through the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL), which involved nearly 26,000 adults. Participants received either omega-3 fish oil or an olive oil placebo for over five years.
Although the overall findings didn't show a significant reduction in major cardiovascular events, omega-3 supplementation did lower the risk of heart attacks and recurrent hospitalizations for heart failure. Interestingly, African Americans benefited the most from the treatment, showing substantial improvements in these areas.
More research is needed to identify which individuals might gain the most from omega-3 fish oil treatment.
References
Aggarwal R, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e038656. 10.1161/JAHA.124.038656
Sun S, Hara A, Johnstone L, Hallmark B, Watkins JC, et al. Optimal Pair Matching Combined with Machine Learning Predicts a Significant Reduction in Myocardial Infarction Risk in African Americans Following Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation. Nutrients. 2024;16. 10.3390/nu16172933
Ahmadi M, Askari VR, Shahri B, Mousavi Noghab SM, Jarahi L, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids effectively mitigate high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) biomarker of inflammation in acute myocardial infarction patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025;398:881. 10.1007/s00210-024-03330-1
Burger PM, Bhatt DL, Dorresteijn JAN, Koudstaal S, Mosterd A, et al. Effects of icosapent ethyl according to baseline residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from REDUCE-IT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2024;10:488. 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae030
Bernhard B, Heydari B, Abdullah S, Francis SA, Lumish H, et al. Effect of six month's treatment with omega-3 acid ethyl esters on long-term outcomes after acute myocardial infarction: The OMEGA-REMODEL randomized clinical trial. Int J Cardiol. 2024;399:131698. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131698
Irfan A, Haider SH, Nasir A, Larik MO, Naz T. Assessing the Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids + Statins vs. Statins Only on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 40,991 Patients. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2024;49:102245. 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102245
Ogata S, Manson JE, Kang JH, Buring JE, Lee IM, et al. Marine n-3 Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Novel Analysis of the VITAL Trial Using Win Ratio and Hierarchical Composite Outcomes. Nutrients. 2023;15. 10.3390/nu15194235
Jin D, Trichia E, Islam N, Lewington S, Lacey B. Associations of circulating fatty acids with incident coronary heart disease: a prospective study of 89,242 individuals in UK Biobank. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23:365. 10.1186/s12872-023-03394-6
Lyytinen AT, Yesmean M, Manninen S, Lankinen M, Bhalke M, et al. Fatty fish consumption reduces lipophilic index in erythrocyte membranes and serum phospholipids. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023;33:1453. 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.011
Chiusolo S, Bork CS, Gentile F, Lundbye-Christensen S, Harris WS, et al. Adipose tissue n-3/n-6 fatty acids ratios versus n-3 fatty acids fractions as predictors of myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2023;262:38. 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.03.019
Kobara M, Shiraishi T, Noda K, Toba H, Nakata T. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Preserves Mitochondrial Quality and Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction in Rats. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2023;16:816. 10.1007/s12265-023-10363-z
Rodriguez D, Lavie CJ, Elagizi A, Milani RV. Update on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Health. Nutrients. 2022;14. 10.3390/nu14235146
Bassuk SS, Manson JE. Marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and prevention of cardiovascular disease: update on the randomized trial evidence. Cardiovasc Res. 2023;119:1297. 10.1093/cvr/cvac172
Nishizaki Y, Miyauchi K, Iwata H, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. Study protocol and baseline characteristics of Randomized trial for Evaluation in Secondary Prevention Efficacy of Combination Therapy-Statin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid: RESPECT-EPA, the combination of a randomized control trial and an observational biomarker study. Am Heart J. 2023;257:1. 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.11.008
Miller M, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, et al. Potential effects of icosapent ethyl on cardiovascular outcomes in cigarette smokers: REDUCE-IT smoking. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2023;9:129. 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvac045
Yokoyama Y, Kuno T, Morita SX, Slipczuk L, Takagi H, et al. Eicosapentaenoic Acid for Cardiovascular Events Reduction- Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Cardiol. 2022;80:416. 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.07.008
Hamaya R, Cook NR, Sesso HD, Buring JE, Manson JE. A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025. 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.028
Yamada R, Uematsu M, Nakamura T, Kobayashi T, Horikoshi T, et al. Elevated eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio and rapid coronary blood flow restoration in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2025. 10.1016/j.hjc.2025.01.003
Puccini SJ, Healy CL, Harsch BA, Ahmed AR, Shearer GC, et al. A Cell Autonomous Free fatty acid receptor 4 - ChemR23 Signaling Cascade Protects Cardiac Myocytes from Ischemic Injury. bioRxiv. 2025. 10.1101/2024.11.26.625260
Miyauchi K, Iwata H, Nishizaki Y, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Secondary Prevention Efficacy of Combination Therapy-Statin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (RESPECT-EPA). Circulation. 2024;150:425. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065520
Dinu M, Sofi F, Lotti S, Colombini B, Mattioli AV, et al. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary revascularization and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024;31:1863. 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae184
Szarek M, Bhatt DL, Miller M, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, et al. Lipoprotein(a) Blood Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction With Icosapent Ethyl. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83:1529. 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.016
Sabbour H, Bhatt DL, Elhenawi Y, Aljaberi A, Bennani L, et al. A Practical Approach to the Management of Residual Cardiovascular Risk: United Arab Emirates Expert Consensus Panel on the Evidence for Icosapent Ethyl and Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2024. 10.1007/s10557-023-07519-z
Le VT, Knight S, Watrous JD, Najhawan M, Dao K, et al. Higher docosahexaenoic acid levels lower the protective impact of eicosapentaenoic acid on long-term major cardiovascular events. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1229130. 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1229130
Myhre PL, Berge T, Kalstad AA, Tveit SH, Laake K, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements and risk of atrial fibrillation and 'micro-atrial fibrillation': A secondary analysis from the OMEMI trial. Clin Nutr. 2023;42:1657. 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.002
Borghi C, Bragagni A. Clinical results and mechanism of action of icosapent ethyl. Eur Heart J Suppl. 2023;25:B37. 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suad088
Rabbat MG, Lakshmanan S, Benjamin MM, Doros G, Kinninger A, et al. Benefit of icosapent ethyl on coronary physiology assessed by computed tomography angiography fractional flow reserve: EVAPORATE-FFRCT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;24:866. 10.1093/ehjci/jead063
Luo X, Liu M, Wang S, Chen Y, Bao X, et al. Combining metabolomics and OCT to reveal plasma metabolic profiling and biomarkers of plaque erosion and plaque rupture in STEMI patients. Int J Cardiol. 2023;390:131223. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131223
Bork CS, Lundbye-Christensen S, Venø SK, Lasota AN, Tjønneland A, et al. Intake of marine and plant-derived n-3 fatty acids and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62:1389. 10.1007/s00394-022-03081-w
Park GH, Cho JH, Lee D, Kim Y. Association between Seafood Intake and Cardiovascular Disease in South Korean Adults: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2022;14. 10.3390/nu14224864
Alfaddagh A, Kapoor K, Dardari ZA, Bhatt DL, Budoff MJ, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids, subclinical atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular events: Implications for primary prevention. Atherosclerosis. 2022;353:11. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.1018
Sunagawa Y, Katayama A, Funamoto M, Shimizu K, Shimizu S, et al. The polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA, ameliorate myocardial infarction-induced heart failure by inhibiting p300-HAT activity in rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2022;106:109031. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109031
Halade GV, Kain V, De La Rosa X, Lindsey ML. Metabolic transformation of fat in obesity determines the inflammation resolving capacity of splenocardiac and cardiorenal networks in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2022;322:H953. 10.1152/ajpheart.00684.2021
Shi Y, Li H, Wu T, Wang Q, Zhu Q, et al. Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enhanced Autophagic Flux Improves Cardiac Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction by Targeting the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:1509421. 10.1155/2022/1509421
Wang CP, Lee CC, Wu DY, Chen SY, Lee TM. Differential effects of EPA and DHA on PPARγ-mediated sympathetic innervation in infarcted rat hearts by GPR120-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem. 2022;103:108950. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108950
Myhre PL, Kalstad AA, Tveit SH, Laake K, Schmidt EB, et al. Changes in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and risk of cardiovascular events and atrial fibrillation: A secondary analysis of the OMEMI trial. J Intern Med. 2022;291:637. 10.1111/joim.13442
Pertiwi K, Küpers LK, de Goede J, Zock PL, Kromhout D, et al. Dietary and Circulating Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Mortality Risk After Myocardial Infarction: A Long-Term Follow-Up of the Alpha Omega Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10:e022617. 10.1161/JAHA.121.022617