We explored the effects of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically EPA and DHA, on heart failure markers in patients who had suffered a heart attack. In a large study involving nearly 4,837 participants aged 60-80, we administered various types of margarine for 40 months, some enriched with these fatty acids.
However, our results indicated that there was no significant change in NT-proBNP levels, a crucial heart failure biomarker, among those taking the supplements compared to a placebo group. Thus, it appears that modest EPA and DHA supplementation does not significantly affect heart failure risks after a myocardial infarction.
Read More
9.5
DHA enhances heart recovery post-MI
Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enhanced Autophagic Flux Improves Cardiac Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction by Targeting the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway.
We aimed to understand the role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in improving heart function after a heart attack. Using both laboratory and animal models, we discovered that DHA helps cardiomyocytes survive oxygen deprivation and limits damage post-heart attack.
DHA reduced heart tissue injury and improved overall heart function. Our results showed that it promotes a protective process known as autophagy, which is linked to the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. This study highlights the potential of DHA in supporting heart health after a myocardial infarction.
Read More
9
Omega-3s reduce heart attack damage
Comparison of the effects of EPA and DHA alone or in combination in a murine model of myocardial infarction.
We explored how two omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, affect heart attack damage by testing them in adult male rats over 14 days. After subjecting these animals to a heart injury, we measured the damage.
Our findings revealed that both EPA and DHA effectively reduced heart attack size when tested alone, while their combination didn’t show any added benefit. Notably, DHA also decreased specific cellular activities related to damage, making it a standout in promoting heart health in our model.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Supports heart health
6 people found this helpful
I started using this supplement for my heart and vascular system. At 27, I experienced heart tingling which was concerning. Despite taking various vitamins and coenzyme q10, I found my omega-3 levels were low. After starting omega-3, my heart issues resolved. I hope this helps others too!
Read More
9
Reduced cholesterol levels
2 people found this helpful
This product has been outstanding for heart health. After following Dr Oz's advice, my husband and I saw our CRP levels drop significantly after eight months. No adverse effects either. Wishing everyone good health!
Read More
9
Supports male fertility
1 people found this helpful
DHA is essential for health. I advised a friend to take DHA-500 for better heart and men's health, and it helped him conceive within a month. It is crucial for sperm motility and overall vitality.
We aimed to understand the role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in improving heart function after a heart attack. Using both laboratory and animal models, we discovered that DHA helps cardiomyocytes survive oxygen deprivation and limits damage post-heart attack.
DHA reduced heart tissue injury and improved overall heart function. Our results showed that it promotes a protective process known as autophagy, which is linked to the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. This study highlights the potential of DHA in supporting heart health after a myocardial infarction.
Read More
9
DHA and EPA aid heart recovery
The polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA, ameliorate myocardial infarction-induced heart failure by inhibiting p300-HAT activity in rats.
We investigated how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) influence heart function after a heart attack in rats. Our study showed both EPA and DHA improved heart health by reducing heart cell enlargement and preventing worsening heart failure. We found that they effectively inhibited certain cellular activities linked to heart muscle damage. Rats receiving these treatments maintained better heart function and showed less structural damage over six weeks. Ultimately, both EPA and DHA offered similar protective benefits after heart attacks.
Read More
9
Omega-3 shows promise in heart attacks
An Intravenous Bolus of Epa: Dha 6: 1 Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Shock.
We examined how an intravenous bolus of Omega-3, specifically a ratio of EPA to DHA at 6:1, affects heart function during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in a rat model. Administering this Omega-3 before the reperfusion showed significant improvements in blood pressure and blood flow, while reducing markers of heart damage and inflammation. These findings suggest that while it's effective in rats, further research is necessary to see how it might work in human heart attack scenarios.
Read More
9
Omega-3s reduce heart attack damage
Comparison of the effects of EPA and DHA alone or in combination in a murine model of myocardial infarction.
We explored how two omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, affect heart attack damage by testing them in adult male rats over 14 days. After subjecting these animals to a heart injury, we measured the damage.
Our findings revealed that both EPA and DHA effectively reduced heart attack size when tested alone, while their combination didn’t show any added benefit. Notably, DHA also decreased specific cellular activities related to damage, making it a standout in promoting heart health in our model.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids recovery
Elevated eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio and rapid coronary blood flow restoration in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
We explored the role of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in heart attack recovery, particularly its effect on restoring blood flow during ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Our focus was on understanding whether higher levels of EPA relative to arachidonic acid could lead to faster recovery and better outcomes for patients experiencing this type of heart attack.
The study revealed that patients with elevated EPA levels indeed showed quicker restoration of coronary blood flow. This is promising, as efficient blood flow restoration is critical in minimizing heart damage during a heart attack. However, it’s essential to note that the effectiveness of EPA may vary based on other treatments the patients are receiving.
These findings suggest a positive link between EPA and heart attack recovery, but further investigation is necessary to determine the best approaches for integrating EPA into treatment protocols. Ultimately, while we observed encouraging results, the interplay between dietary interventions and other medical treatments warrants additional research.
I started using this supplement for my heart and vascular system. At 27, I experienced heart tingling which was concerning. Despite taking various vitamins and coenzyme q10, I found my omega-3 levels were low. After starting omega-3, my heart issues resolved. I hope this helps others too!
Read More
9
Reduced cholesterol levels
2 people found this helpful
This product has been outstanding for heart health. After following Dr Oz's advice, my husband and I saw our CRP levels drop significantly after eight months. No adverse effects either. Wishing everyone good health!
Read More
9
Supports male fertility
1 people found this helpful
DHA is essential for health. I advised a friend to take DHA-500 for better heart and men's health, and it helped him conceive within a month. It is crucial for sperm motility and overall vitality.
Read More
9
Supports heart muscle
This supplement is great for hair, skin, nails, and stimulating the heart muscle. Although it's my first experience with this particular type, I can't be without omega-3 for my overall health.
Read More
7.5
Helpful for recovery
241 people found this helpful
Natural and beneficial. It’s a great supplement, especially for older people needing prevention after a heart attack. My relative has found it very supportive following theirs.
A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, often by a blood clot. This interruption can damage or destroy part of the heart muscle, leading to serious health complications or death if not treated promptly. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and lightheadedness. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Preventing a heart attack largely revolves around maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle. Regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, along with managing stress, can significantly lower the risk. Furthermore, understanding your personal risk factors and engaging with healthcare professionals for regular check-ups can be crucial in both prevention and early detection. If you suspect someone is having a heart attack, it's important to call emergency services immediately, as timely treatment is vital for survival and recovery.
DHA, or docosahexaenoic acid, is an omega-3 fatty acid that is crucial for various bodily functions, particularly in brain health and development. Found abundantly in fish oil, algae, and certain other marine sources, DHA plays a significant role in building and maintaining the structure of brain cell membranes. As a primary structural component of the cerebral cortex, retina, and sperm cells, adequate levels of DHA are essential for optimal neurological functioning and overall cognitive health.
Research indicates that DHA supports brain development in infants and children, making it a vital nutrient during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Furthermore, DHA has been linked to various health benefits, including a potential reduction in the risk of Alzheimer's disease, improved heart health, and anti-inflammatory effects. While our bodies can convert some ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) — another omega-3 fatty acid — into DHA, dietary sources like fatty fish, fish oil supplements, or algae-based supplements can help individuals, especially those who do not consume fish, to achieve sufficient DHA intake for their health needs.
DHA, or docosahexaenoic acid, is an omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish and fish oil supplements. Research has shown that omega-3 fatty acids, including DHA, can have positive effects on heart health. They may help reduce inflammation, lower triglyceride levels, and improve overall cardiovascular function, which all contribute to a reduced risk of heart disease. Some studies suggest that regular intake of DHA can be beneficial for heart health, potentially lowering the risk of heart attack when incorporated into a balanced diet alongside other heart-healthy lifestyle changes.
Based on user reviews, the timeline for seeing results from taking heart health supplements can vary significantly. Some users report noticeable improvements after a month of use, particularly with supplements high in DHA, which have been linked to better heart health and overall vitality Read Review. Others have experienced significant changes in their cardiovascular health, such as drops in CRP levels, after using these supplements consistently for eight months Read Review.
It's worth noting that individual experiences differ, and factors like existing health conditions, lifestyle, and adherence to dosage can all impact the results. A few reviewers emphasized that consistent use is necessary for long-term benefits, especially for those recovering from heart incidents Read Review. Ultimately, while some may see quicker results, it's advisable to give these supplements time to positively influence your heart health.
Numerous studies indicate that omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may offer protective benefits for heart health, especially concerning heart attack risk. Research suggests that higher levels of EPA are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events, including heart attacks, while the role of DHA appears less definitive ([1]; [18]). For instance, in a large cohort study, higher serum levels of omega-3s, specifically in a beneficial EPA to arachidonic acid ratio, were linked to lower heart attack rates ([1]).
Moreover, DHA has shown potential in improving recovery after a heart attack, with studies indicating that it helps reduce inflammation and promote heart health post-myocardial infarction ([3]; [5]). However, some evidence suggests that when DHA is present at high levels, it might interfere with the heart-protective effects of EPA ([19]). While overall omega-3 supplementation, particularly with EPA, may decrease heart attack risk, DHA's isolated impact and the best approach to harnessing its benefits remain subjects for further investigation.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported marked improvements in their heart health and overall symptoms after incorporating omega-3 supplements into their routines. For instance, one user noted that their concerning heart tingling resolved after boosting their omega-3 levels, highlighting the supplement's positive impact on their cardiovascular system Read Review. Another couple shared that their CRP levels decreased significantly after eight months of use, which is a promising indicator of heart health Read Review.
Additionally, several reviews emphasize the importance of DHA in enhancing heart function and overall vitality, with one user mentioning improvements in cholesterol levels and circulation Read Review. It's worth noting that while some users experience immediate benefits, such as reduced inflammation and cholesterol, the timeline for seeing results can vary widely. As always, individual responses to supplements will differ, influenced by personal health conditions and adherence to recommended dosages Read Review. Overall, those looking to improve their heart health may find omega-3 supplements to be a beneficial addition to their wellness regimen.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported positive outcomes when combining this heart health supplement with others, particularly coenzyme Q10 and antioxidants. One user shared their experience of improving heart issues after addressing low omega-3 levels, emphasizing the value of combining omega-3 supplements with various vitamins for overall cardiovascular support Read Review. Another user mentioned that alongside antioxidants, the supplement significantly reduced inflammation and cholesterol, contributing to enhanced heart health Read Review.
Furthermore, several users noted that older individuals, especially those recovering from heart attacks, benefit greatly from including this supplement in their regimen. One review highlighted its supportive role following such incidents, showcasing its effectiveness when paired with other health-conscious practices Read Review. This sentiment was echoed by another user who underscored the importance of high-concentration DHA for individuals' heart health after heart attacks Read Review. Overall, combining this supplement with others seems to lead to stronger heart health outcomes, as reported by users.
Users report a positive correlation between DHA supplementation and heart health, particularly in the context of recovery after heart attacks. One user mentioned that a high dose of omega-3, including DHA, has significantly supported their health and improved their family's condition following heart issues, with a daily intake of two capsules noted as effective Read Review. Another user highlighted the importance of high-concentration DHA in benefiting heart, brain, and blood vessel health after heart attack incidents Read Review.
Additionally, a review emphasized that the recommended daily dosage of one capsule of "Ultra Omega-3" can enhance cardiovascular health, reduce blood flow issues, and lower heart attack risks Read Review. Other users reported positive outcomes with a high dose of DHA in controlling cholesterol and inflammation levels, which are crucial for overall heart health Read Review. This collective feedback suggests that a higher dose of DHA may offer substantial heart health benefits, especially for recovery and preventive measures after cardiac events.
9
Supports male fertility
1 people found this helpful
DHA is essential for health. I advised a friend to take DHA-500 for better heart and men's health, and it helped him conceive within a month. It is crucial for sperm motility and overall vitality.
9
Reduced cholesterol levels
2 people found this helpful
This product has been outstanding for heart health. After following Dr Oz's advice, my husband and I saw our CRP levels drop significantly after eight months. No adverse effects either. Wishing everyone good health!
7.5
Helpful for recovery
241 people found this helpful
Natural and beneficial. It’s a great supplement, especially for older people needing prevention after a heart attack. My relative has found it very supportive following theirs.
9
Supports heart health
6 people found this helpful
I started using this supplement for my heart and vascular system. At 27, I experienced heart tingling which was concerning. Despite taking various vitamins and coenzyme q10, I found my omega-3 levels were low. After starting omega-3, my heart issues resolved. I hope this helps others too!
7.5
Improves heart function
2 people found this helpful
A miraculous supplement! DHA is vital for heart health, aiding in cholesterol reduction and improving circulation. My family takes two capsules daily, and our health has significantly improved, especially my parents' after their heart issues.
9
Promotes heart health
1 people found this helpful
"Ultra Omega-3" by Now Foods enhances overall health. Its ingredients are beneficial for the cardiovascular system, helping with blood flow and reducing heart attack risks. I recommend taking one capsule daily.
9
Supports cardiovascular health
1 people found this helpful
The BEST MEGA-O! Since my Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis, this supplement has been lifesaving. Along with antioxidants, it has positively influenced my health, reducing inflammation and normalising cholesterol while improving heart health.
7.5
Helpful for heart
High-concentration DHA supplements benefit the heart, brain, and blood vessels, particularly after heart attack incidents.
6
Lowers cholesterol effectively
A high dose of healthy omega fatty acids helps lower cholesterol and nourishes the heart.
8
N-3/n-6 ratios correlate to heart attack risk
Adipose tissue n-3/n-6 fatty acids ratios versus n-3 fatty acids fractions as predictors of myocardial infarction.
We explored how different types of fatty acids in our body, specifically n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), relate to the risk of heart attacks. Analyzing data from a large cohort, we found that both n-3 fractions and their ratios with n-6 PUFAs were linked to a lower chance of a heart attack. However, the ratios showed better predictive power. This suggests tailoring our diets to improve these ratios could be a promising approach for reducing heart attack risks in the broader population.
7
Omega-3s reduce heart attack risk
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary revascularization and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis.
We aimed to understand how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) treatment influences the risk of heart attacks among individuals at risk for cardiovascular events. The research involved analyzing data from eighteen randomized controlled trials, which collectively included over 134,000 participants. These trials compared the effects of different omega-3 fatty acid combinations, including DHA alone, against control groups.
Overall, we found that omega-3 supplementation, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) combined with DHA, significantly reduced the risk of heart attacks. However, when it comes to DHA alone, the results were not as clear-cut. While DHA is often included in omega-3 formulations, its isolated impact on heart attack risk wasn’t explicitly determined in the trials.
Interestingly, participants who received EPA showed an even greater reduction in the risk of revascularization and other cardiovascular outcomes compared to those who received the combination with DHA. This suggests that while DHA has its benefits, EPA seems to take the lead in providing protective effects against heart attacks.
The overall findings encourage further exploration of the individual roles of these omega-3 fatty acids, particularly in relation to heart health, to clarify if and how they might specifically contribute to lowering heart attack risks in different populations.
9
DHA and EPA aid heart recovery
The polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA, ameliorate myocardial infarction-induced heart failure by inhibiting p300-HAT activity in rats.
We investigated how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) influence heart function after a heart attack in rats. Our study showed both EPA and DHA improved heart health by reducing heart cell enlargement and preventing worsening heart failure. We found that they effectively inhibited certain cellular activities linked to heart muscle damage. Rats receiving these treatments maintained better heart function and showed less structural damage over six weeks. Ultimately, both EPA and DHA offered similar protective benefits after heart attacks.
9.5
DHA enhances heart recovery post-MI
Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enhanced Autophagic Flux Improves Cardiac Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction by Targeting the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway.
We aimed to understand the role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in improving heart function after a heart attack. Using both laboratory and animal models, we discovered that DHA helps cardiomyocytes survive oxygen deprivation and limits damage post-heart attack.
DHA reduced heart tissue injury and improved overall heart function. Our results showed that it promotes a protective process known as autophagy, which is linked to the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. This study highlights the potential of DHA in supporting heart health after a myocardial infarction.
4
DHA’s limited heart protection
Higher docosahexaenoic acid levels lower the protective impact of eicosapentaenoic acid on long-term major cardiovascular events.
We set out to understand how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) impacts the risk of major cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks. In our study, we analyzed data from nearly 1,000 people who had undergone coronary angiography to measure levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA in their blood.
Our findings revealed that while higher levels of EPA were linked to a decreased risk of major cardiovascular events, DHA did not show a similar benefit. In fact, when higher levels of DHA were present alongside low levels of EPA, the protective effect of EPA seemed to diminish, leading to a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Interestingly, our analysis indicated that having a balanced EPA/DHA ratio was associated with better long-term heart health outcomes. Overall, this suggests that simply increasing DHA may not help, and it could even interfere with the protective benefits of EPA when EPA levels are low.
Our study helps clarify the complex relationship between these omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular health, especially in light of mixed findings in previous research about combined EPA and DHA supplementation.
References
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Yokoyama Y, Kuno T, Morita SX, Slipczuk L, Takagi H, et al. Eicosapentaenoic Acid for Cardiovascular Events Reduction- Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Cardiol. 2022;80:416. 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.07.008
Sunagawa Y, Katayama A, Funamoto M, Shimizu K, Shimizu S, et al. The polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA, ameliorate myocardial infarction-induced heart failure by inhibiting p300-HAT activity in rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2022;106:109031. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109031
Halade GV, Kain V, De La Rosa X, Lindsey ML. Metabolic transformation of fat in obesity determines the inflammation resolving capacity of splenocardiac and cardiorenal networks in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2022;322:H953. 10.1152/ajpheart.00684.2021
Shi Y, Li H, Wu T, Wang Q, Zhu Q, et al. Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enhanced Autophagic Flux Improves Cardiac Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction by Targeting the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:1509421. 10.1155/2022/1509421
Wang CP, Lee CC, Wu DY, Chen SY, Lee TM. Differential effects of EPA and DHA on PPARγ-mediated sympathetic innervation in infarcted rat hearts by GPR120-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem. 2022;103:108950. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108950
Myhre PL, Kalstad AA, Tveit SH, Laake K, Schmidt EB, et al. Changes in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and risk of cardiovascular events and atrial fibrillation: A secondary analysis of the OMEMI trial. J Intern Med. 2022;291:637. 10.1111/joim.13442
Pertiwi K, Küpers LK, de Goede J, Zock PL, Kromhout D, et al. Dietary and Circulating Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Mortality Risk After Myocardial Infarction: A Long-Term Follow-Up of the Alpha Omega Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10:e022617. 10.1161/JAHA.121.022617
Habicht I, Mohsen G, Eichhorn L, Frede S, Weisheit C, et al. DHA Supplementation Attenuates MI-Induced LV Matrix Remodeling and Dysfunction in Mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:7606938. 10.1155/2020/7606938
Roy J, Fauconnier J, Oger C, Farah C, Angebault-Prouteau C, et al. Non-enzymatic oxidized metabolite of DHA, 4(RS)-4-F-neuroprostane protects the heart against reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017;102:229. 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.005
Burban M, Meyer G, Olland A, Séverac F, Yver B, et al. An Intravenous Bolus of Epa: Dha 6: 1 Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Shock. Shock. 2016;46:549.
Madingou N, Gilbert K, Tomaro L, Prud'homme Touchette C, Trudeau F, et al. Comparison of the effects of EPA and DHA alone or in combination in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2016;111:11. 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.06.001
Hu XF, Laird BD, Chan HM. Mercury diminishes the cardiovascular protective effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the modern diet of Inuit in Canada. Environ Res. 2017;152:470. 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.001
Arakawa K, Himeno H, Kirigaya J, Otomo F, Matsushita K, et al. Impact of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in predicting ischemia/reperfusion injury and progression of myocardial damage after reperfusion in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiol. 2015;66:101. 10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.03.009
Bergkvist C, Berglund M, Glynn A, Wolk A, Åkesson A. Dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of myocardial infarction - a population-based prospective cohort study. Int J Cardiol. 2015;183:242. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.055
Hoogeveen EK, Geleijnse JM, Kromhout D, van't Sant P, Gemen EF, et al. No effect of n-3 fatty acids supplementation on NT-proBNP after myocardial infarction: the Alpha Omega Trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015;22:648. 10.1177/2047487314536694
Hamaya R, Cook NR, Sesso HD, Buring JE, Manson JE. A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025. 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.028
Dinu M, Sofi F, Lotti S, Colombini B, Mattioli AV, et al. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary revascularization and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024;31:1863. 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae184
Le VT, Knight S, Watrous JD, Najhawan M, Dao K, et al. Higher docosahexaenoic acid levels lower the protective impact of eicosapentaenoic acid on long-term major cardiovascular events. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1229130. 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1229130
Luo X, Liu M, Wang S, Chen Y, Bao X, et al. Combining metabolomics and OCT to reveal plasma metabolic profiling and biomarkers of plaque erosion and plaque rupture in STEMI patients. Int J Cardiol. 2023;390:131223. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131223
Myhre PL, Berge T, Kalstad AA, Tveit SH, Laake K, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements and risk of atrial fibrillation and 'micro-atrial fibrillation': A secondary analysis from the OMEMI trial. Clin Nutr. 2023;42:1657. 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.002
Bork CS, Lundbye-Christensen S, Venø SK, Lasota AN, Tjønneland A, et al. Intake of marine and plant-derived n-3 fatty acids and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62:1389. 10.1007/s00394-022-03081-w
Park GH, Cho JH, Lee D, Kim Y. Association between Seafood Intake and Cardiovascular Disease in South Korean Adults: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2022;14. 10.3390/nu14224864
Bassuk SS, Manson JE. Marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and prevention of cardiovascular disease: update on the randomized trial evidence. Cardiovasc Res. 2023;119:1297. 10.1093/cvr/cvac172
Alfaddagh A, Kapoor K, Dardari ZA, Bhatt DL, Budoff MJ, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids, subclinical atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular events: Implications for primary prevention. Atherosclerosis. 2022;353:11. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.1018
Aggarwal R, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e038656. 10.1161/JAHA.124.038656
Yamada R, Uematsu M, Nakamura T, Kobayashi T, Horikoshi T, et al. Elevated eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio and rapid coronary blood flow restoration in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2025. 10.1016/j.hjc.2025.01.003
Puccini SJ, Healy CL, Harsch BA, Ahmed AR, Shearer GC, et al. A Cell Autonomous Free fatty acid receptor 4 - ChemR23 Signaling Cascade Protects Cardiac Myocytes from Ischemic Injury. bioRxiv. 2025. 10.1101/2024.11.26.625260
Miyauchi K, Iwata H, Nishizaki Y, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Secondary Prevention Efficacy of Combination Therapy-Statin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (RESPECT-EPA). Circulation. 2024;150:425. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065520
Burger PM, Bhatt DL, Dorresteijn JAN, Koudstaal S, Mosterd A, et al. Effects of icosapent ethyl according to baseline residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from REDUCE-IT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2024;10:488. 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae030
Szarek M, Bhatt DL, Miller M, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, et al. Lipoprotein(a) Blood Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction With Icosapent Ethyl. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83:1529. 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.016
Sabbour H, Bhatt DL, Elhenawi Y, Aljaberi A, Bennani L, et al. A Practical Approach to the Management of Residual Cardiovascular Risk: United Arab Emirates Expert Consensus Panel on the Evidence for Icosapent Ethyl and Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2024. 10.1007/s10557-023-07519-z
Bernhard B, Heydari B, Abdullah S, Francis SA, Lumish H, et al. Effect of six month's treatment with omega-3 acid ethyl esters on long-term outcomes after acute myocardial infarction: The OMEGA-REMODEL randomized clinical trial. Int J Cardiol. 2024;399:131698. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131698
Borghi C, Bragagni A. Clinical results and mechanism of action of icosapent ethyl. Eur Heart J Suppl. 2023;25:B37. 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suad088
Rabbat MG, Lakshmanan S, Benjamin MM, Doros G, Kinninger A, et al. Benefit of icosapent ethyl on coronary physiology assessed by computed tomography angiography fractional flow reserve: EVAPORATE-FFRCT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;24:866. 10.1093/ehjci/jead063
Kobara M, Shiraishi T, Noda K, Toba H, Nakata T. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Preserves Mitochondrial Quality and Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction in Rats. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2023;16:816. 10.1007/s12265-023-10363-z