Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 25 Researches
6.9
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 5 Reviews
8.5
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 3 tablets
Serving Per Container: 83
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calcium (as calcium carbonate, calcium gluconate, calcium citrate)
1,000 mg
77%
Magnesium (as magnesium oxide, magnesium gluconate, magnesium citrate)
400 mg
95%
Zinc (as zinc gluconate)
15 mg
136%
Sodium†
15 mg
<1%
Top Medical Research Studies
9
We explored the effectiveness of magnesium oxide (MgO) as a treatment for chronic constipation using a robust randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Over 28 days, participants received MgO, senna, or a placebo.
Both MgO and senna significantly improved bowel movement frequency and quality of life compared to placebo. About 68.3% of those using MgO reported symptom improvement, showcasing its potential as an effective osmotic agent alongside a stimulant laxative.
Importantly, there were no severe treatment-related side effects reported during the trial.
Both MgO and senna significantly improved bowel movement frequency and quality of life compared to placebo. About 68.3% of those using MgO reported symptom improvement, showcasing its potential as an effective osmotic agent alongside a stimulant laxative.
Importantly, there were no severe treatment-related side effects reported during the trial.
Read More
4
We explored how changing the frequency of magnesium oxide (MgO) doses influences its effectiveness in relieving constipation. In this study, we looked at 11 patients who had been regularly using MgO to manage their bowel movements and decided to reduce their daily dose frequency over two weeks.
Initially, patients were taking magnesium three times a day, but we reduced this to either two or one dose per day while keeping the total amount the same. We found that the average number of bowel movements dropped from 7.6 to 6.6 in this period. However, this change wasn't statistically significant, indicating that it may not be clinically meaningful.
Additionally, we measured stool consistency using the Bristol Stool Form Scale and noted no significant difference before and after the dosage adjustment. Our findings suggest that reducing the number of doses does not impact the laxative effect of magnesium oxide. This implies that patients can comfortably manage their magnesium intake without sacrificing effectiveness.
Initially, patients were taking magnesium three times a day, but we reduced this to either two or one dose per day while keeping the total amount the same. We found that the average number of bowel movements dropped from 7.6 to 6.6 in this period. However, this change wasn't statistically significant, indicating that it may not be clinically meaningful.
Additionally, we measured stool consistency using the Bristol Stool Form Scale and noted no significant difference before and after the dosage adjustment. Our findings suggest that reducing the number of doses does not impact the laxative effect of magnesium oxide. This implies that patients can comfortably manage their magnesium intake without sacrificing effectiveness.
Read More
9
Magnesium effectively aids constipation
We investigated how magnesium supplements affect chronic constipation through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. The analysis included eight studies with a total of 787 participants. We focused on magnesium oxide among other treatment options and assessed its effectiveness in increasing stool frequency and improving consistency.
The findings were quite promising for magnesium oxide. Our results showed that participants who took magnesium experienced a boost in bowel movements, with an average increase of about 3.7 additional movements per week. This improvement in stool consistency was also noteworthy, scoring higher on the Bristol stool chart.
While other supplements like senna and kiwifruit were explored, they didn't significantly enhance symptoms of constipation in this analysis. Therefore, we suggest that magnesium oxide stands out in this study as a worthwhile option for managing chronic constipation. But it’s essential to remember that further research could help confirm these findings and explore the effects of whole food alternatives.
The findings were quite promising for magnesium oxide. Our results showed that participants who took magnesium experienced a boost in bowel movements, with an average increase of about 3.7 additional movements per week. This improvement in stool consistency was also noteworthy, scoring higher on the Bristol stool chart.
While other supplements like senna and kiwifruit were explored, they didn't significantly enhance symptoms of constipation in this analysis. Therefore, we suggest that magnesium oxide stands out in this study as a worthwhile option for managing chronic constipation. But it’s essential to remember that further research could help confirm these findings and explore the effects of whole food alternatives.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Constipation relief
4 people found this helpful
I consume alcohol and wanted to take zinc. Previously, when I stopped taking calcium/magnesium tablets, I became constipated. This time, I opted for one that includes zinc. It seems alcohol can deplete your zinc levels, which is crucial for immunity. Since starting this, my constipation has disappeared, likely due to the magnesium.
Read More
9
Constipation relief
After taking one tablet post-dinner with Solgar's vitamin complex, my constipation vanished, and I felt more relaxed.
Read More
7.5
Relieves constipation
2 people found this helpful
Good value! I take 1-2 tablets every night. Magnesium relieves constipation and benefits the nervous system. It promotes healthy sleep and aids muscle recovery. Avoid taking this on an empty stomach, as the zinc may cause slight nausea.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 25 Researches
6.9
- All Researches
9
We explored the relationship between magnesium supplementation, defecation, and cognitive performance in elite triathletes. In a carefully designed crossover trial, participants undertook cognitive tests after taking magnesium oxide and after defecation. This study highlighted an interesting potential connection between the state of our digestive system and cognitive abilities.
We found that after magnesium-induced defecation, participants completed cognitive tasks more quickly compared to when they had not defecated. Specifically, the average completion time for the cognitive test dropped significantly after defecation when magnesium was involved. While this suggests that magnesium can aid in relieving constipation, its role in improving overall cognitive function during athletics is also noteworthy.
Although we observed an increase in cognitive performance following magnesium supplementation, it’s important to note that no significant changes in blood flow or oxygen levels were detected in the brain during the test. Instead, we noted decreased oxygen levels in the digestive region, hinting at an increased demand for energy there.
Overall, our findings suggest a potential new avenue for enhancing cognitive function in athletes through magnesium to improve constipation. However, the direct effects of magnesium solely on constipation require further investigation.
We found that after magnesium-induced defecation, participants completed cognitive tasks more quickly compared to when they had not defecated. Specifically, the average completion time for the cognitive test dropped significantly after defecation when magnesium was involved. While this suggests that magnesium can aid in relieving constipation, its role in improving overall cognitive function during athletics is also noteworthy.
Although we observed an increase in cognitive performance following magnesium supplementation, it’s important to note that no significant changes in blood flow or oxygen levels were detected in the brain during the test. Instead, we noted decreased oxygen levels in the digestive region, hinting at an increased demand for energy there.
Overall, our findings suggest a potential new avenue for enhancing cognitive function in athletes through magnesium to improve constipation. However, the direct effects of magnesium solely on constipation require further investigation.
Read More
9
Magnesium effectively aids constipation
We investigated how magnesium supplements affect chronic constipation through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. The analysis included eight studies with a total of 787 participants. We focused on magnesium oxide among other treatment options and assessed its effectiveness in increasing stool frequency and improving consistency.
The findings were quite promising for magnesium oxide. Our results showed that participants who took magnesium experienced a boost in bowel movements, with an average increase of about 3.7 additional movements per week. This improvement in stool consistency was also noteworthy, scoring higher on the Bristol stool chart.
While other supplements like senna and kiwifruit were explored, they didn't significantly enhance symptoms of constipation in this analysis. Therefore, we suggest that magnesium oxide stands out in this study as a worthwhile option for managing chronic constipation. But it’s essential to remember that further research could help confirm these findings and explore the effects of whole food alternatives.
The findings were quite promising for magnesium oxide. Our results showed that participants who took magnesium experienced a boost in bowel movements, with an average increase of about 3.7 additional movements per week. This improvement in stool consistency was also noteworthy, scoring higher on the Bristol stool chart.
While other supplements like senna and kiwifruit were explored, they didn't significantly enhance symptoms of constipation in this analysis. Therefore, we suggest that magnesium oxide stands out in this study as a worthwhile option for managing chronic constipation. But it’s essential to remember that further research could help confirm these findings and explore the effects of whole food alternatives.
Read More
9
Magnesium aids cancer patient care
We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial to assess how magnesium-L-threonate, a new compound, might help relieve constipation while enhancing the pain relief effects of opioids in patients with advanced cancer. During the study, patients receiving this treatment were compared with those taking a placebo, allowing us to clearly see the differences in outcomes.
As the trial progressed, we noticed significant improvements in the group taking magnesium-L-threonate. Notably, this treatment not only helped in managing pain more effectively but also significantly alleviated opioid-induced constipation—a common side effect of opioid use. The data indicated that patients on magnesium-L-threonate required lower doses of opioids for pain management while enjoying better gastrointestinal comfort.
Overall, our findings suggest that magnesium-L-threonate is a promising option in the palliative care landscape for cancer patients, addressing both pain relief and constipation, which can greatly enhance their quality of life.
As the trial progressed, we noticed significant improvements in the group taking magnesium-L-threonate. Notably, this treatment not only helped in managing pain more effectively but also significantly alleviated opioid-induced constipation—a common side effect of opioid use. The data indicated that patients on magnesium-L-threonate required lower doses of opioids for pain management while enjoying better gastrointestinal comfort.
Overall, our findings suggest that magnesium-L-threonate is a promising option in the palliative care landscape for cancer patients, addressing both pain relief and constipation, which can greatly enhance their quality of life.
Read More
9
We examined the effectiveness of oral magnesium sulfate in treating chronic constipation for children with spastic cerebral palsy. In our study, 100 children received either magnesium sulfate or a placebo for one month.
After this period, we noticed significant improvements in bowel movement frequency and stool consistency in the magnesium group, while the placebo group showed minimal change.
This treatment not only alleviated constipation but also reduced the distress of painful bowel movements for both children and their mothers.
After this period, we noticed significant improvements in bowel movement frequency and stool consistency in the magnesium group, while the placebo group showed minimal change.
This treatment not only alleviated constipation but also reduced the distress of painful bowel movements for both children and their mothers.
Read More
9
We explored the effectiveness of magnesium oxide (MgO) as a treatment for chronic constipation using a robust randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Over 28 days, participants received MgO, senna, or a placebo.
Both MgO and senna significantly improved bowel movement frequency and quality of life compared to placebo. About 68.3% of those using MgO reported symptom improvement, showcasing its potential as an effective osmotic agent alongside a stimulant laxative.
Importantly, there were no severe treatment-related side effects reported during the trial.
Both MgO and senna significantly improved bowel movement frequency and quality of life compared to placebo. About 68.3% of those using MgO reported symptom improvement, showcasing its potential as an effective osmotic agent alongside a stimulant laxative.
Importantly, there were no severe treatment-related side effects reported during the trial.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 5 Reviews
8.5
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Constipation relief
4 people found this helpful
I consume alcohol and wanted to take zinc. Previously, when I stopped taking calcium/magnesium tablets, I became constipated. This time, I opted for one that includes zinc. It seems alcohol can deplete your zinc levels, which is crucial for immunity. Since starting this, my constipation has disappeared, likely due to the magnesium.
Read More
9
Constipation relief
After taking one tablet post-dinner with Solgar's vitamin complex, my constipation vanished, and I felt more relaxed.
Read More
7.5
Relieves constipation
2 people found this helpful
Good value! I take 1-2 tablets every night. Magnesium relieves constipation and benefits the nervous system. It promotes healthy sleep and aids muscle recovery. Avoid taking this on an empty stomach, as the zinc may cause slight nausea.
Read More
9
No constipation
Very good digestibility and correct dosage of the supplement. It does not cause constipation or other issues. I believe there have been fewer skin rashes thanks to zinc. I complete a course once yearly.
Read More
7.5
Sleep improvement
I purchased it for calcium and magnesium. The ingredients are impressive, and it has significantly helped me sleep well at night and alleviated my constipation. The quality is commendable.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
9
Constipation relief
After taking one tablet post-dinner with Solgar's vitamin complex, my constipation vanished, and I felt more relaxed.
7.5
Relieves constipation
2 people found this helpful
Good value! I take 1-2 tablets every night. Magnesium relieves constipation and benefits the nervous system. It promotes healthy sleep and aids muscle recovery. Avoid taking this on an empty stomach, as the zinc may cause slight nausea.
9
No constipation
Very good digestibility and correct dosage of the supplement. It does not cause constipation or other issues. I believe there have been fewer skin rashes thanks to zinc. I complete a course once yearly.
9
Constipation relief
4 people found this helpful
I consume alcohol and wanted to take zinc. Previously, when I stopped taking calcium/magnesium tablets, I became constipated. This time, I opted for one that includes zinc. It seems alcohol can deplete your zinc levels, which is crucial for immunity. Since starting this, my constipation has disappeared, likely due to the magnesium.
7
We explored how calcium intake relates to constipation, particularly focusing on individuals with metabolic syndrome, a condition that significantly impacts health. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2005 and 2010, we assessed the dietary habits of participants and looked at how often they experienced constipation.
Our findings suggest a noteworthy connection: as dietary calcium intake increases, the risk of constipation decreases among those with metabolic syndrome. This suggests that calcium could play a beneficial role in gastrointestinal health.
By analyzing dietary recalls and bowel movement frequency, we provided valuable insights into how making dietary changes can potentially improve symptoms for those affected by metabolic syndrome. This emphasizes the importance of dietary calcium as a simple yet impactful strategy for managing gastrointestinal issues in this specific population.
Our findings suggest a noteworthy connection: as dietary calcium intake increases, the risk of constipation decreases among those with metabolic syndrome. This suggests that calcium could play a beneficial role in gastrointestinal health.
By analyzing dietary recalls and bowel movement frequency, we provided valuable insights into how making dietary changes can potentially improve symptoms for those affected by metabolic syndrome. This emphasizes the importance of dietary calcium as a simple yet impactful strategy for managing gastrointestinal issues in this specific population.
8
Calcium effects on constipation assessed
We embarked on a study to understand how calcium, alongside other treatments, impacts drug-induced constipation linked to functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Our research involved a double-blind, randomized trial with 168 participants suffering from constipation triggered by medications. Participants were divided into two arms: a placebo group and another group receiving a combination of atorvastatin, atenolol, metformin, amitriptyline, and calcium. Both groups took the treatment for 35 days and were monitored for changes in bowel function and constipation severity.
While the study results indicated that the combination treatment, including calcium, was safe and helped manage constipation symptoms associated with FGIDs, it's essential to note that the study design made it challenging to determine the individual effect of calcium. Although participants experienced improvements, we couldn't isolate how much of that success came solely from calcium, given it was part of a multi-drug regimen. Thus, while calcium appeared effective within the combined treatment, the specific role of calcium alone remains unclear.
Importantly, no significant adverse effects were reported, underscoring the safety of this approach. Overall, we found that while the multi-treatment was beneficial, we still have questions about the exclusive benefits of calcium on its own for constipation.
While the study results indicated that the combination treatment, including calcium, was safe and helped manage constipation symptoms associated with FGIDs, it's essential to note that the study design made it challenging to determine the individual effect of calcium. Although participants experienced improvements, we couldn't isolate how much of that success came solely from calcium, given it was part of a multi-drug regimen. Thus, while calcium appeared effective within the combined treatment, the specific role of calcium alone remains unclear.
Importantly, no significant adverse effects were reported, underscoring the safety of this approach. Overall, we found that while the multi-treatment was beneficial, we still have questions about the exclusive benefits of calcium on its own for constipation.
4
Magnesium aids constipation relief
We investigated how magnesium hydroxide syrup affects constipation among patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction in an intensive care unit (ICU). Participants were divided into two groups: one received magnesium hydroxide syrup daily, while the other was given flaxseed powder. Our aim was to determine which treatment better supported bowel movements in these patients.
The findings revealed that magnesium hydroxide syrup indeed plays a role in managing constipation. Patients taking this syrup experienced their first bowel movement significantly sooner, averaging just under 25 hours. Although both treatments increased bowel movement frequency and improved stool consistency, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. In other words, while magnesium did help prompt quicker bowel movements, it wasn't drastically better than flaxseed powder in terms of the overall outcomes.
Overall, the study highlights magnesium hydroxide syrup as a viable option for easing constipation for patients in recovery, though its effectiveness is comparable to that of flaxseed powder. The time to the first defecation was notably quicker with magnesium, suggesting its potential utility in clinical settings where prompt relief is crucial.
The findings revealed that magnesium hydroxide syrup indeed plays a role in managing constipation. Patients taking this syrup experienced their first bowel movement significantly sooner, averaging just under 25 hours. Although both treatments increased bowel movement frequency and improved stool consistency, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. In other words, while magnesium did help prompt quicker bowel movements, it wasn't drastically better than flaxseed powder in terms of the overall outcomes.
Overall, the study highlights magnesium hydroxide syrup as a viable option for easing constipation for patients in recovery, though its effectiveness is comparable to that of flaxseed powder. The time to the first defecation was notably quicker with magnesium, suggesting its potential utility in clinical settings where prompt relief is crucial.
4
Magnesium laxative effectiveness diminished
We investigated how magnesium oxide interacts with acid suppressant medications in treating opioid-induced constipation.
Using a vast database of over 14 million reports, we found that combining magnesium with acid suppressants, particularly proton pump inhibitors, can actually increase the incidence of constipation in opioid users.
This suggests that while magnesium is generally a helpful laxative, its effectiveness may be compromised when used alongside acid suppressants, necessitating caution among healthcare providers.
Using a vast database of over 14 million reports, we found that combining magnesium with acid suppressants, particularly proton pump inhibitors, can actually increase the incidence of constipation in opioid users.
This suggests that while magnesium is generally a helpful laxative, its effectiveness may be compromised when used alongside acid suppressants, necessitating caution among healthcare providers.
References
- Zhu L, Yang L, Liang Z, Shi W, Ma M, et al. Association between dietary calcium intake and constipation in a metabolic syndrome population: evidence from NHANES 2005-2010. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1422564. doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1422564
- Rathi A, Pagare R. Efficacy and Safety of LBSC in Drug Induced Constipation Associated With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Interventional, Parallel, Controlled Trial a Clinical Study on LBSC for Drug Induced Constipation Associated With FGIDs. Glob Adv Integr Med Health. 2024;13:27536130241286511. doi:10.1177/27536130241286511
- Wei CC, Harris MB, Ye M, Nicholls A, Alkhatib A, et al. Defecation after magnesium supplementation enhances cognitive performance in triathletes. Sports Med Health Sci. 2025;7:102. doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.001
- Watanabe N, Itano A, Ando M, Kawahara M. Effect of reduced daily magnesium oxide doses on laxative effect: a single-center retrospective study. J Rural Med. 2024;19:192. doi:10.2185/jrm.2023-038
- Amjadi Suraki S, Bagheri-Nesami M, Nabati M, Moosazadeh M, Habibi E. Flaxseed powder and magnesium hydroxide syrup on the intestinal function of patients with acute myocardial infarction in intensive care units. Caspian J Intern Med. 2024;15:234. doi:10.22088/cjim.15.2.234
- Nagamine T. Effect of magnesium oxide with probiotics on bowel movements in elderly orthopedic patients with chronic constipation: a retrospective chart review. Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2024;43:1. doi:10.12938/bmfh.2023-040
- Park CW, Lee J, Hong YH, Kim YS, Suh HJ, et al. Coadministration of Lactulose with Probiotics Ameliorates Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2023;28:427. doi:10.3746/pnf.2023.28.4.427
- Ishii H, Sawada R, Shiomi M, Shibuya K. A case-control study showing low creatinine clearance and high magnesium intake as risk factors for hypermagnesemia in older individuals. Magnes Res. 2023;36:23. doi:10.1684/mrh.2023.0513
- Sasaki H, Hayashi K, Imamura M, Hirota Y, Hosoki H, et al. Combined resistant dextrin and low-dose Mg oxide administration increases short-chain fatty acid and lactic acid production by gut microbiota. J Nutr Biochem. 2023;120:109420. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109420
- van der Schoot A, Creedon A, Whelan K, Dimidi E. The effect of food, vitamin, or mineral supplements on chronic constipation in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2023;35:e14613. doi:10.1111/nmo.14613
- Suzuki S, Obara T, Ishikawa T, Noda A, Matsuzaki F, et al. No association between major congenital malformations and exposure to Kampo medicines containing rhubarb rhizome: A Japanese database study. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1107494. doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1107494
- Kistemaker KRJ, de Graeff A, Crul M, de Klerk G, van de Ven PM, et al. Magnesium hydroxide versus macrogol/electrolytes in the prevention of opioid-induced constipation in incurable cancer patients: study protocol for an open-label, randomized controlled trial (the OMAMA study). BMC Palliat Care. 2023;22:22. doi:10.1186/s12904-023-01143-2
- Wu S, Jin T, Ma B, Ji Y, Huang X, et al. Oral application of magnesium-L-threonate enhances analgesia and reduces the dosage of opioids needed in advanced cancer patients-A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Cancer Med. 2023;12:4343. doi:10.1002/cam4.4922
- Maezawa M, Inoue M, Satake R, Wakabayashi W, Oura K, et al. Effect of acid suppressant medications on the laxative action of magnesium preparations in patients with opioid-induced constipation: A pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Pharmazie. 2023;78:245. doi:10.1691/ph.2023.3624
- Takemura M, Niki K, Miyaguchi S, Ueda M. Naldemedine-laxative combination: retrospective inpatient study. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2024;13:e816. doi:10.1136/spcare-2022-003685
- Worona-Dibner L, Vázquez-Frias R, Valdez-Chávez L, Verdiguel-Oyola M. Efficacy, safety, and acceptability of polyethylene glycol 3350 without electrolytes vs magnesium hydroxide in functional constipation in children from six months to eighteen years of age: A controlled clinical trial. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed). 2023;88:107. doi:10.1016/j.rgmxen.2021.12.005
- de Campos GRC, Sandy NS, Lomazi EA, Bellomo-Brandao MA. Management of children with functional constipation referred to tertiary care. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2022;98:289. doi:10.1016/j.jped.2021.06.006
- Rao SSC, Brenner DM. Efficacy and Safety of Over-the-Counter Therapies for Chronic Constipation: An Updated Systematic Review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116:1156. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001222
- Hassanein SMA, Deifallah SM, Bastawy HA. Efficacy of oral magnesium therapy in the treatment of chronic constipation in spastic cerebral palsy children: a randomized controlled trial. World J Pediatr. 2021;17:92. doi:10.1007/s12519-020-00401-0
- Morishita D, Tomita T, Mori S, Kimura T, Oshima T, et al. Senna Versus Magnesium Oxide for the Treatment of Chronic Constipation: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116:152. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000942
- Kubota M, Ito K, Tomimoto K, Kanazaki M, Tsukiyama K, et al. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Magnesium Oxide in Children with Functional Chronic Constipation: A Double-Blind and Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2020;12. doi:10.3390/nu12010225
- Ohkubo H, Yoshihara T, Misawa N, Ashikari K, Fuyuki A, et al. Relationship between Stool Form and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Constipation: An Internet Questionnaire Survey. Digestion. 2021;102:147. doi:10.1159/000502815
- Dupont C, Constant F, Imbert A, Hébert G, Zourabichvili O, et al. Time to treatment response of a magnesium- and sulphate-rich natural mineral water in functional constipation. Nutrition. 2019;65:167. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.018
- Tsuji S, Horiuchi A, Tamaki M, Ichise Y, Kajiyama M, et al. Effectiveness and safety of a new regimen of polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid for same-day bowel cleansing in constipated patients. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2018;81:485.
- Nacci C, Fanelli M, Potenza MA, Leo V, Montagnani M, et al. Carbon monoxide contributes to the constipating effects of granisetron in rat colon. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22:9333.
