Hepatitis refers to an inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection, autoimmune diseases, or exposure to toxic substances such as alcohol or certain medications. There are several types of viral hepatitis, including Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, each caused by different viruses and having distinct modes of transmission. Hepatitis A and E are typically spread through contaminated food or water, whereas Hepatitis B, C, and D are transmitted through blood and sexual contact.
Symptoms may vary depending on the type and severity of the infection but can include jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. While some forms of hepatitis are self-limiting and resolve without treatment, others can lead to chronic conditions, increasing the risk of long-term liver damage, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. Vaccines are available for Hepatitis A and B, providing a preventive measure against these types, while ongoing research seeks to effectively manage and treat chronic Hepatitis C infections.