We dove into the connection between omega-3 fatty acids and stroke risks by analyzing data from 29 global cohorts, involving over 183,000 participants.
Our findings revealed that higher levels of omega-3s, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are linked to a reduced risk of total and ischemic strokes. Specifically, those with the highest omega-3 levels experienced a 17% lower incidence of total stroke and an 18% reduced risk of ischemic stroke.
However, it's important to note that omega-3 levels showed no impact on hemorrhagic stroke risk.
Read More
9
DHA reduces stroke damage in mice
Docosahexaenoic acid protects against ischemic stroke in diabetic mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses and apoptosis.
We investigated the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on stroke in diabetic mice. Our findings indicate that DHA significantly reduced brain damage and improved neurological functions.
The treatment not only decreased the inflammatory response but also lowered cell death within the brain. We noted remarkable changes in gene expression, suggesting that DHA promotes a protective environment in the brain after a stroke.
Overall, this research highlights DHA's potential as a therapeutic agent for stroke management in diabetic patients.
Read More
9
DHA promotes brain recovery post-stroke
Docosahexaenoic acid promotes M2 microglia phenotype via activating PPARγ-mediated ERK/AKT pathway against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
We investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, on brain recovery after stroke due to ischemia-reperfusion injuries. In a study involving rats, we discovered that DHA significantly reduced brain damage by shifting microglia from a harmful pro-inflammatory state to a protective anti-inflammatory one.
By promoting M2 microglia and modulating specific signaling pathways, DHA helped in reducing inflammation and supported healing. However, using a PPARγ antagonist inhibited these helpful effects, pointing to the importance of this pathway in DHA’s neuroprotective role.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Improves skin condition
9 people found this helpful
An effective product! I recommend it to all! The advantages include improved cardiovascular health (lowering blood pressure, cholesterol, and the risk of heart attack and stroke), aiding skin health (slowing aging, toning, and refreshing its appearance), and supporting joint health (slowing collagen breakdown). It also improves the nervous system, enhancing memory and brain function.
Read More
9
Reduces atherosclerosis risk
1 people found this helpful
Omega-3 fatty acids offer significant cardiovascular health advantages, particularly by lowering triglyceride levels. Elevated triglycerides (hypertriglyceridemia) heighten the risk of atherosclerosis, increasing chances of heart disease and stroke. Thus, managing triglyceride levels is crucial. Omega-3s may also increase HDL (good) cholesterol and help lower blood pressure.
Read More
9
Prevents hypertension
Fish oil expands blood vessels, increasing blood flow to organs and tissues while helping to prevent arterial hypertension. This positively impacts heart function, reducing the risk of arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Omega-3 is vital for nerve cells and aids in nervous system metabolism, improving nerve impulse conduction. Additionally, it regulates serotonin levels, influencing mood, which helps mitigate depression or shorten its treatment duration.
We investigated the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on stroke in diabetic mice. Our findings indicate that DHA significantly reduced brain damage and improved neurological functions.
The treatment not only decreased the inflammatory response but also lowered cell death within the brain. We noted remarkable changes in gene expression, suggesting that DHA promotes a protective environment in the brain after a stroke.
Overall, this research highlights DHA's potential as a therapeutic agent for stroke management in diabetic patients.
Read More
9
Omega-3 and COP-1 show promise
Two-phase therapy for improving neuroprotection and neurogenesis: Preventive use of omega fatty acids plus Copolymer-1 immunization after stroke.
We explored the effects of combining omega-3 fatty acids and Copolymer-1 treatment on stroke recovery in a rodent model. The study used a two-phase approach, beginning with omega-3 supplementation followed by COP-1 immunization after a stroke event.
Results indicated that this combination led to significant improvements, including reduced neurological deficits and smaller infarct volumes. There was also a boost in neurogenesis.
These findings suggest a promising avenue for enhanced recovery in stroke patients when integrating dietary and medical strategies.
Read More
9
Omega-3s reduce ischemic stroke risk
Omega-3 Blood Levels and Stroke Risk: A Pooled and Harmonized Analysis of 183 291 Participants From 29 Prospective Studies.
We dove into the connection between omega-3 fatty acids and stroke risks by analyzing data from 29 global cohorts, involving over 183,000 participants.
Our findings revealed that higher levels of omega-3s, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are linked to a reduced risk of total and ischemic strokes. Specifically, those with the highest omega-3 levels experienced a 17% lower incidence of total stroke and an 18% reduced risk of ischemic stroke.
However, it's important to note that omega-3 levels showed no impact on hemorrhagic stroke risk.
Read More
9
DHA promotes brain recovery post-stroke
Docosahexaenoic acid promotes M2 microglia phenotype via activating PPARγ-mediated ERK/AKT pathway against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
We investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, on brain recovery after stroke due to ischemia-reperfusion injuries. In a study involving rats, we discovered that DHA significantly reduced brain damage by shifting microglia from a harmful pro-inflammatory state to a protective anti-inflammatory one.
By promoting M2 microglia and modulating specific signaling pathways, DHA helped in reducing inflammation and supported healing. However, using a PPARγ antagonist inhibited these helpful effects, pointing to the importance of this pathway in DHA’s neuroprotective role.
Read More
8
Icosapent ethyl reduces stroke risk
Effects of icosapent ethyl according to baseline residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from REDUCE-IT.
We explored the effects of icosapent ethyl, a fish oil-derived treatment, on major cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Over nearly five years, this treatment significantly reduced events like stroke, heart attack, and cardiovascular death, showing effectiveness across all risk levels.
The biggest benefits were observed in those at higher baseline risk, with noticeable reductions in adverse events. Even though icosapent ethyl doesn't eliminate risk completely, it provides valuable protection, especially for the most vulnerable patients.
An effective product! I recommend it to all! The advantages include improved cardiovascular health (lowering blood pressure, cholesterol, and the risk of heart attack and stroke), aiding skin health (slowing aging, toning, and refreshing its appearance), and supporting joint health (slowing collagen breakdown). It also improves the nervous system, enhancing memory and brain function.
Read More
9
Reduces atherosclerosis risk
1 people found this helpful
Omega-3 fatty acids offer significant cardiovascular health advantages, particularly by lowering triglyceride levels. Elevated triglycerides (hypertriglyceridemia) heighten the risk of atherosclerosis, increasing chances of heart disease and stroke. Thus, managing triglyceride levels is crucial. Omega-3s may also increase HDL (good) cholesterol and help lower blood pressure.
Read More
9
Prevents hypertension
Fish oil expands blood vessels, increasing blood flow to organs and tissues while helping to prevent arterial hypertension. This positively impacts heart function, reducing the risk of arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Omega-3 is vital for nerve cells and aids in nervous system metabolism, improving nerve impulse conduction. Additionally, it regulates serotonin levels, influencing mood, which helps mitigate depression or shorten its treatment duration.
Read More
7.5
Prevents strokes
Omega with a high content of EPA is aimed at improving heart function while preventing strokes and heart attacks, enhanced by a modest dose of vitamin D.
Read More
7
Lowers cholesterol levels
This Omega-3 product lowers blood cholesterol, effectively preventing cholesterol plaque build-up in vessels, thus combating atherosclerosis. Many of us eventually monitor our vascular health, seeking to minimise heart attack and stroke risks. This high-quality Omega meets GMP standards, which I find essential.
A stroke occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. This can happen in two primary ways: an ischemic stroke, which occurs when a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain is obstructed, often due to a blood clot; and a hemorrhagic stroke, which occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, leading to bleeding in or around the brain. The severity and outcome of a stroke can vary widely depending on the type, location, and amount of brain tissue affected, as well as the speed with which medical treatment is received.
Recognizing the symptoms of a stroke is crucial for prompt treatment and recovery. Common signs include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body, confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, vision problems in one or both eyes, and difficulty walking, which may include dizziness or loss of balance coordination. The acronym FAST can help remember the key signs: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, and Time to call emergency services. If you or someone you know exhibits these symptoms, it's vital to seek immediate medical attention, as timely intervention can significantly improve outcomes.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
The potential benefits of Omega-3 fish oil for stroke prevention and recovery have been the subject of various studies, but results can be mixed. Omega-3 fatty acids, which are found in fish oil, are known to have anti-inflammatory properties and can help improve overall heart health. Some research suggests that these fatty acids may reduce the risk of stroke by lowering blood pressure, improving cholesterol levels, and reducing blood clotting tendencies. However, the evidence is not definitive, and more extensive clinical trials are needed to establish a clear connection between Omega-3 intake and stroke prevention.
If you're considering Omega-3 fish oil supplements as part of a strategy to mitigate stroke risk or aid recovery post-stroke, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider. They can help you assess your individual risk factors and overall health condition, and discuss appropriate dietary and lifestyle changes alongside any supplements. While Omega-3 fish oil can be part of a healthy diet—especially when combined with other heart-healthy foods—it's not a guaranteed prevention or treatment for strokes. Approaches should be holistic and personalized based on medical advice.
Based on user reviews, the timeframe for seeing results from Omega-3 supplements, particularly in relation to stroke prevention and cardiovascular health, can vary. One user mentioned a hopeful expectation that their parents would notice benefits in lowering cholesterol levels within a month of starting the supplement Read Review. This sentiment is echoed by others who noted the general advantages of Omega-3 fatty acids in improving heart function and reducing the risks associated with cardiovascular diseases, including strokes, although specific timelines were not universally provided.
Overall, while some users report potential improvement in a month's time, many highlight the cumulative benefits of Omega-3s for overall heart and brain health as ongoing. This suggests that while initial benefits might be observed relatively quickly, a sustained intake is essential for long-term protective effects against strokes and other cardiovascular issues. However, individual responses to supplements can vary widely, so it may be beneficial to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Recent scientific studies indicate that certain omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in reducing stroke risk and promoting recovery from stroke. For example, research on **icosapent ethyl**, a type of omega-3 fatty acid, showed significant reductions in cardiovascular events, including stroke, among patients with high cardiovascular risk and controlled cholesterol levels [1]. Additionally, a comprehensive study examining omega-3 levels found that higher intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were associated with a reduced risk of both total and ischemic strokes [10] and [2].
On the recovery side, DHA has demonstrated potential in mitigating brain damage and improving neurological functions after a stroke, particularly by lessening inflammation and promoting a protective environment in the brain [13]. Despite some findings showing no significant benefits in stroke prevention in certain populations [9], the overall evidence presents a promising case for omega-3 fatty acids as a part of stroke management and prevention strategies, especially in high-risk individuals or those recovering from a stroke.
Users have reported a range of improvements in their symptoms after using Omega-3 supplements, particularly in the realms of cardiovascular health, cognitive function, and skin condition. Many noted a significant reduction in blood cholesterol levels and triglycerides, which are crucial for minimizing the risk of heart disease and strokes Read Review. For instance, one user highlighted the ability of fish oil to effectively lower blood cholesterol and prevent plaque build-up in vessels, thereby tackling atherosclerosis and reducing heart attack risks Read Review. Additionally, several reviews praised the impact of Omega-3 on brain function and mood enhancement, with users noting improvements in memory and a reduction in depressive symptoms Read Review.
Moreover, users reported enhancements in skin and joint health, with Omega-3 helping to combat dry skin and improve overall skin appearance, while simultaneously supporting joint function by reducing inflammation Read Review. These anecdotal experiences indicate that Omega-3 supplementation can lead to varied health benefits, though individual results can differ based on personal health conditions and adherence to the supplement regimen. As such, it’s always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional when considering any new supplement.
Users have reported positive experiences when combining Omega-3 supplements with other products for stroke management. A common observation is that high EPA content in Omega-3s can be particularly effective in improving heart function and preventing strokes, especially when paired with a modest dose of vitamin D Read Review. Additionally, the property of Omega-3s to lower blood cholesterol levels and effectively reduce the risk of plaque buildup in the arteries is often highlighted, emphasizing the importance of monitoring one's vascular health Read Review.
Furthermore, some reviewers noted that Omega-3 might be beneficial when taken alongside other supplements or treatments for those with pre-existing conditions, such as high cholesterol or heart issues. One user, for instance, stated that their parents take Omega-3 to manage elevated cholesterol levels, demonstrating a proactive approach to health alongside their regular medications Read Review. This suggests a synergy when integrating Omega-3 with other health strategies, enhancing outcomes in cardiovascular health and potentially reducing the risk of stroke.
Users report that Omega-3 fish oil can provide significant cardiovascular health benefits, particularly in reducing risks associated with stroke and heart disease. A consistent theme in user reviews emphasizes the importance of Omega-3 in lowering triglyceride levels and cholesterol, both of which are contributors to cardiovascular issues. For instance, one user mentioned that Omega-3 with a high EPA content is particularly aimed at improving heart function while preventing strokes and heart attacks Read Review. Additionally, another user noted improvements in blood flow and regulation of blood pressure, which are beneficial for overall heart health and stroke prevention Read Review.
While exact dosing information is less frequently specified, users tend to mention the overall efficacy of Omega-3 in lowering blood cholesterol and improving cardiovascular function, which they correlate with a reduction in stroke risks Read Review. Others focus on the general benefits of Omega-3 fatty acids in preventing adverse cardiovascular events, confirming that they can be a valuable part of a regimen aimed at lowering the incidence of strokes Read Review. However, users do not provide specific recommended dosages for stroke treatment, indicating a potential area for further research.
7.5
Improves cholesterol management
I have ordered Omega-3 several times, now for my parents. They have high cholesterol and take Omega-3. I hope it will lower their levels in a month. Personally, as someone with mitral valve prolapse, Omega-3 benefits me, notably reducing the sensation of unwanted strokes.
9
Reduces atherosclerosis risk
1 people found this helpful
Omega-3 fatty acids offer significant cardiovascular health advantages, particularly by lowering triglyceride levels. Elevated triglycerides (hypertriglyceridemia) heighten the risk of atherosclerosis, increasing chances of heart disease and stroke. Thus, managing triglyceride levels is crucial. Omega-3s may also increase HDL (good) cholesterol and help lower blood pressure.
7
Lowers cholesterol levels
This Omega-3 product lowers blood cholesterol, effectively preventing cholesterol plaque build-up in vessels, thus combating atherosclerosis. Many of us eventually monitor our vascular health, seeking to minimise heart attack and stroke risks. This high-quality Omega meets GMP standards, which I find essential.
9
Prevents hypertension
Fish oil expands blood vessels, increasing blood flow to organs and tissues while helping to prevent arterial hypertension. This positively impacts heart function, reducing the risk of arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Omega-3 is vital for nerve cells and aids in nervous system metabolism, improving nerve impulse conduction. Additionally, it regulates serotonin levels, influencing mood, which helps mitigate depression or shorten its treatment duration.
7.5
Supports joint health
I want to remind you of Omega-3's beneficial properties! It improves vision, skin, and hair conditions, enhances cardiovascular function (lowering pressure and cholesterol, reducing heart attack and stroke risks), and slows skin aging. It also combats various dermatitis types while protecting skin from UV rays, and supports joint health by slowing collagen breakdown and regulating inflammation in joints.
7.5
Prevents strokes
Omega with a high content of EPA is aimed at improving heart function while preventing strokes and heart attacks, enhanced by a modest dose of vitamin D.
7.5
Enhances hormone production
Omega-3s significantly aid in maintaining and improving health by participating in tissue hormone synthesis, crucial for intracellular metabolism. They lower blood cholesterol levels, which decreases heart attack and stroke risks. Omega-3s are vital for nervous system tissues, sperm formation, hormone regulation, including testosterone, and combat psychological stress, depressive conditions, allergies, and autoimmune processes. They enhance memory, concentration, and skin health while lowering cortisol levels, a stress hormone.
7
Omega-3 benefits for heart health
Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial.
We explored the effects of icosapent ethyl, a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on stroke and other cardiovascular events among patients with good control of their cholesterol levels. The analysis came from the REDUCE-IT trial, which involved randomized patients at high cardiovascular risk with elevated triglyceride levels.
Interestingly, we found that icosapent ethyl significantly reduced the occurrence of cardiovascular problems, including stroke, regardless of whether patients had low or high baseline levels of LDL cholesterol. This suggests that even those who manage their cholesterol well can still benefit from this treatment.
9
Omega-3s reduce ischemic stroke risk
Omega-3 Blood Levels and Stroke Risk: A Pooled and Harmonized Analysis of 183 291 Participants From 29 Prospective Studies.
We dove into the connection between omega-3 fatty acids and stroke risks by analyzing data from 29 global cohorts, involving over 183,000 participants.
Our findings revealed that higher levels of omega-3s, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are linked to a reduced risk of total and ischemic strokes. Specifically, those with the highest omega-3 levels experienced a 17% lower incidence of total stroke and an 18% reduced risk of ischemic stroke.
However, it's important to note that omega-3 levels showed no impact on hemorrhagic stroke risk.
9
DHA reduces stroke damage in mice
Docosahexaenoic acid protects against ischemic stroke in diabetic mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses and apoptosis.
We investigated the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on stroke in diabetic mice. Our findings indicate that DHA significantly reduced brain damage and improved neurological functions.
The treatment not only decreased the inflammatory response but also lowered cell death within the brain. We noted remarkable changes in gene expression, suggesting that DHA promotes a protective environment in the brain after a stroke.
Overall, this research highlights DHA's potential as a therapeutic agent for stroke management in diabetic patients.
9
DHA promotes brain recovery post-stroke
Docosahexaenoic acid promotes M2 microglia phenotype via activating PPARγ-mediated ERK/AKT pathway against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
We investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, on brain recovery after stroke due to ischemia-reperfusion injuries. In a study involving rats, we discovered that DHA significantly reduced brain damage by shifting microglia from a harmful pro-inflammatory state to a protective anti-inflammatory one.
By promoting M2 microglia and modulating specific signaling pathways, DHA helped in reducing inflammation and supported healing. However, using a PPARγ antagonist inhibited these helpful effects, pointing to the importance of this pathway in DHA’s neuroprotective role.
2
No significant benefits for stroke prevention
Effects of vitamin D, omega-3 and a simple strength exercise programme in cardiovascular disease prevention: The DO-HEALTH randomized controlled trial.
We examined the impact of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and a simple strength exercise program on preventing major cardiovascular events, including strokes, in older adults. Conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with over 2,100 participants aged 70 and above, this study revealed that these treatments did not significantly lower the risk of stroke or other major cardiovascular events.
While omega-3 led to some changes in lipid levels, the overall results highlighted that these interventions were not effective in preventing serious cardiovascular health issues in this healthy, active population.
References
Aggarwal R, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e038656. 10.1161/JAHA.124.038656
Liu C, Guo J, Guan L, Li C, Hu X, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid protects against ischemic stroke in diabetic mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Exp Neurol. 2025;385:115075. 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.115075
Cruz-Martínez Y, Cantú K, Ojeda G, Gálvez-Susano V, Arias-Santiago S, et al. Two-phase therapy for improving neuroprotection and neurogenesis: Preventive use of omega fatty acids plus Copolymer-1 immunization after stroke. Brain Res. 2025;1846:149277. 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149277
Xi C, Zhang J, Liu H, Tao S, Xie Y, et al. Can Omega-3 prevent the accidence of stroke: a mendelian randomization study. Hereditas. 2024;161:30. 10.1186/s41065-024-00329-9
Chen HC, Tai CJ, Huang JY, Kuo TA, Huang YD, et al. Associations of fish oil with cardiovascular disease events: results from the Taiwan longitudinal study in aging. BMC Public Health. 2024;24:1979. 10.1186/s12889-024-19512-8
Miyauchi K, Iwata H, Nishizaki Y, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Secondary Prevention Efficacy of Combination Therapy-Statin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (RESPECT-EPA). Circulation. 2024;150:425. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065520
Burger PM, Bhatt DL, Dorresteijn JAN, Koudstaal S, Mosterd A, et al. Effects of icosapent ethyl according to baseline residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from REDUCE-IT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2024;10:488. 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae030
Liakos CI, Lanaras L, Bristianou M, Papadopoulos DP. Pleiotropic beneficial cardiometabolic actions of a high-purity eicosapentaenoic acid product in high cardiovascular risk individuals. Lipids. 2024;59:67. 10.1002/lipd.12391
Gaengler S, Sadlon A, De Godoi Rezende Costa Molino C, Willett WC, Manson JE, et al. Effects of vitamin D, omega-3 and a simple strength exercise programme in cardiovascular disease prevention: The DO-HEALTH randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Health Aging. 2024;28:100037. 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100037
O'Keefe JH, Tintle NL, Harris WS, O'Keefe EL, Sala-Vila A, et al. Omega-3 Blood Levels and Stroke Risk: A Pooled and Harmonized Analysis of 183 291 Participants From 29 Prospective Studies. Stroke. 2024;55:50. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.044281
Luan M, Wang J, Liang K, Li B, Liu K. Association between the intake of dietary n3 and n6 fatty acids and stroke in US adults: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 2007-2018. PLoS One. 2023;18:e0293893. 10.1371/journal.pone.0293893
Ogata S, Manson JE, Kang JH, Buring JE, Lee IM, et al. Marine n-3 Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Novel Analysis of the VITAL Trial Using Win Ratio and Hierarchical Composite Outcomes. Nutrients. 2023;15. 10.3390/nu15194235
Lv H, Jia S, Sun Y, Pang M, Lv E, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid promotes M2 microglia phenotype via activating PPARγ-mediated ERK/AKT pathway against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brain Res Bull. 2023;199:110660. 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110660